Unit 7 Test Test Answers – Flashcards
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Which of the following provides the earliest indication of genetic problems in a fetus
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Chorionic villus sampling
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An oncogene may promote cancer by keeping the cell growth pathway in the off position
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False
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Checkpoint proteins act as _________
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Tumor-suppressing genes
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How can a mutation in a tumor suppressor behave as a recessive allele at the cellular level but appear as a dominant allele in pedigree analysis
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At the cellular level both alleles need to be mutated for an effect while in a pedigree the cancer may be vertically inherited
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Genetic testing for cancer can
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Indicate increased risk of certain cancers
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In its cell-division-promoting form, the RAS protein is associated with
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GTP
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Which of the following is NOT an event that must occur for inherited retinoblastoma to develop
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The p53 gene must be mutated
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Able tyrosine kinase, for example
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Oncogene
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A malignant cell results from the conversion of a normal cell
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Transformation
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With retinitis pigments (an inherited retinal degeneration) there are multiple genes that, when mutated, can cause the retinitis pigments phenotype
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Locus heterogeneity
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The high concordance suggests a genetic basis for disease
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Monozygotic twins
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A gene-encoded extracellular hormone
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Growth factor
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A programmed cell change that results in cell death is referred to as
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Apoptosis
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Select the factors that would not indicate that a disease had a genetic, rather than an environmental, cause
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The disease spreads from person to person
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Tumor cells removed from an individual with retinoblastoma are _________ for a deletion of the RB gene
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Homozygous
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Which of the following prior conformations may result in a prion-related infection
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PrP^Sc
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DNA damage is sensed by E2F at the G1 and G2 checkpoints
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False
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Which of the following is least likely to occur from the inactivation of p53
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Increased propensity to arrest in G1
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia is an example of a proto-oncogene activation by ______
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A translocation
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Bicoid is a maternal-effect mutation that results in larvae with two heads
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False
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Hox complexes are examples of _______ in mammals
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None of the answers are correct
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A mutation in which the fate of cell lineages is not synchronized in an organism is called a _______
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Heterochronic mutation
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The model organism for the study of plant development is ________
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Arabidopsis thaliana
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Heterochronic mutations are the result of irregular patterns of gene expression
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True
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In Drosophila embryos, segment polarity genes operate prior to pair-rule genes
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False
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Sxl exerts its function in females by participating in
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Splicing of pre-mRNAS
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Skeletal muscle cell development is controlled by _________ proteins
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Myogenic bHLH
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Plant development differs from animal development in which of the following ways
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All of the answers are correct
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SXL must be expressed in Drosophila for development into a male fly
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False
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Screening for maternal-effect mutations would involve looking for which of the following
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Embryos that are all obviously developmentally arrested
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The morphological features that a group of cells will eventually adopt is called the _________
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Cell fate
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Gap genes and pair-rule genes are examples of genes that determine _________
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Formation of body segments
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Developmental regulation occurs mostly at the level of mRNA stability
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False
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Gain-of-function mutations might involve which of the following
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Constitutive activation of an enzyme
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In humans, an XY individual in which a deletion has inactivated SRY would developmentally be what sex
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Female
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A homeotic mutation in which of the following
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Replacing of one body part with another
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The presence of a homeodomain in a protein suggests what about its function
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It is a transcription factor
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Which of the choices gives the correct sequence of early embryonic development in Drosophilia
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Zygote, multinucleate syncytium, syncytial blastoderm, cellular blastoderm
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The cell-cycle checkpoint that occurs during mitosis causes nuclear division to pause until
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All chromosomes have attached to the mitotic spindle
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Tay-Sachs diagnosis
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Biochemical testing
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Down's syndrome determination
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Karyotype analysis
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Tumor classification
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Microarray analysis
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Pharmacogenetics
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DNA sequencing
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Embryo IVF suitability
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Preimplantation diagnosis
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One of the challenges associated with eradicating cancer is its
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Heterogeneity
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A mutation in the B genes of Arabidopsis would result in the incorrect formation of what structure
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Flowers
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the uses of molecular profiling include all of the following except
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Adjustment of drug dosage based on its variable transport and metabolism
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The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) involves gain-of-funciton mutations to produce an oncogene
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False
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What does a homeodomain do
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It binds to specific DNA sequences
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What is the order in development for the different types of genes
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Maternal effect, gap rule, pair rule, segment polarity
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Studies of invertebrate and vertebrate development suggests that there is a universal body plan for muscle development
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False
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When a scientist is attempting to use haplotype analysis to link a disease-causing allele to a molecular marker, it is important for the marker to be close to the disease-causing allele, otherwise _______ may occur
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Crossing over
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Haplotypes between homologs in the same individual __________; haplotypes for the same chromosome in different individuals _________
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Can be the same or different; can be the same or different
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SNPs or single nucleotide polymorphisms may help physicians design patient specific drug treatment programs
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True
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In humans, what gene determines maleness
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SRY
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Hox complexes in mammals are homologous to invertebrate __________
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Homeotic genes
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The human papilloma virus (HPV) carries a gene that functions as an oncogene by inactivating the p53 protein. The fact that the loss of p53 function is oncogenic suggests that
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p53 normally functions to prevent uncontrolled cell division
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Antennapedia in Drosophila is an example of a __________
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Gain of function mutation
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In addition to activated oncogenes and inactivated tumor suppressor genes, epigenetic changes in gene expression are seen in cancer
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True
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The activity of Rb is regulated by
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Its phosphorylation state
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The retinoblastoma (Rb) protein regulates progression through the cell cycle by regulating the activity of
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E2F
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The G2-to-M progression is halted by mutations that alter p53 function
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False
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In the United States, most newborns undergo a test for primary congenital hypothyroidism, a condition where people are unable to produce enough thyroid hormone. On a nationwide basis, this is an example of
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Genetic screening
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Cancer does not typically follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance because it is usually caused by
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Specific combinations of alleles and an environmental factor
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All cancer reflect, at the most general level, a defect in
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The cell cycle
