Unit 5 Questions – Flashcards

(Table about revolutions and results) In which two revolutions was the growing power of the middle class a major cause of revolt? A. Brazilian and American B. French and American C. Haitian and French D. Haitian and Mexican

(Table about revolutions and results) Which revolution most directly addressed the unequal distribution of economic opportunity and resources? A. American B. Haitian C. Mexican D. Brazilian

(Table about revolutions and results) Which generalization applies to all the revolutions listened in the table? A. All resulted in newly independent countries. B. All advocated racial equality. C. All were reversed within a generation of their completion. D. All were inspired by Enlightenment ideals.

"We are not European; we are not Indian; we are but a mixed species on aborigines and Spaniards. Americans by birth and Europeans by law, we find ourselves engaged in dual conflict: we are disputing with the natives for titles on ownership, and at the same time we are struggling to maintain ourselves in the country that gave us birth against the opposition on the invaders." Simon Bolivar, speech to the Council on Angostura, 1819 Bolivar's intended audience was primarily A. Peninsulares B. The Spanish Throne C. Mestizos and Mulattoes D. Creoles

"We are not European; we are not Indian; we are but a mixed species on aborigines and Spaniards. Americans by birth and Europeans by law, we find ourselves engaged in dual conflict: we are disputing with the natives for titles on ownership, and at the same time we are struggling to maintain ourselves in the country that gave us birth against the opposition on the invaders." Simon Bolivar, speech to the Council on Angostura, 1819 Bolivars speech was intended to A. Build an alliance between colonists and indigenous people B. Unite creoles in the cause of independence from Spain C. Justify the need for land reform in Latin America D. Persuade Spanish Colonists to resist and attack from Brazil

"We are not European; we are not Indian; we are but a mixed species on aborigines and Spaniards. Americans by birth and Europeans by law, we find ourselves engaged in dual conflict: we are disputing with the natives for titles on ownership, and at the same time we are struggling to maintain ourselves in the country that gave us birth against the opposition on the invaders." Simon Bolivar, speech to the Council on Angostura, 1819 One long-term impact on Bolivar's actions was to A. Produce land reform in Latin America acceptable to all classes B. Unite Latin Americans to collectively oppose Catholic influence C. Encourage the spread on racial discrimination in Latin America D. Create the independent countries on Columbia, Venezuela, and Ecuador

"National self-determination was revolutionary in it's origins and implications; it was born from people's desire for new kinds of commitment and cohesion. National identity was inherently subjective, a matter on constructed histories and shared emotion. It was clear enough who was a Prussian subject; what it meant to be a German was constantly debated and never finally settled." Which conflict is most closely related to the theme on the passage? A. The English Civil War B. The Time of Troubles in Russia C. The French Revolution D. The War for Italian unification

"National self-determination was revolutionary in it's origins and implications; it was born from people's desire for new kinds of commitment and cohesion. National identity was inherently subjective, a matter on constructed histories and shared emotion. It was clear enough who was a Prussian subject; what it meant to be a German was constantly debated and never finally settled." The leader who most directly wrestled with the issue raised in the last sentence on passage was A. Baron Montesquieu B. Alfred Dreyfus C. Otto Von Bismarck D. Archduke Maximilian

"The statesman who should attempt to direct private people in what manner they ought to employ their capitals would not only load himself with a most unnecessary attention, but assume an authority which could safely be trusted, not only to no single person, but to no council or senate whatever, and which would nowhere be so dangerous as in the hands of a man who had folly and presumption enough to fancy himself fit to exercise it." Which idea does this passage most clearly express? A. Mercantilism B. Capitalism C. Deism D. Consumerism

"The statesman who should attempt to direct private people in what manner they ought to employ their capitals would not only load himself with a most unnecessary attention, but assume an authority which could safely be trusted, not only to no single person, but to no council or senate whatever, and which would nowhere be so dangerous as in the hands of a man who had folly and presumption enough to fancy himself fit to exercise it." A person who agreed with the above passage would most likely also support A. Government subsidization on shoe production B. Laws regulating membership in skilled trades C. Limits of the amount on corn imports D. Reducing tariffs on goods entering the country

"The statesman who should attempt to direct private people in what manner they ought to employ their capitals would not only load himself with a most unnecessary attention, but assume an authority which could safely be trusted, not only to no single person, but to no council or senate whatever, and which would nowhere be so dangerous as in the hands of a man who had folly and presumption enough to fancy himself fit to exercise it." Which statement best describes how Karl Marx would respond to this statement about the investment on private capital? A. He would disagree with it by pointing out that groups usually make wiser decisions than do individuals B. He would disagree with it by pointing out that capital was created by labor, so laborers had a right to decide it's use C. He would agree with it, pointing out that people often did not realize their own follies and presumptions D. He would agree with it,pointing out that politicians should focus on government and let business owners decide about economics

(Photo of a girl working in a textile factory in the Industrial Revolution) Which statement provides the best context for interpreting this photo? A. Machines used in factories during the Industrial Revolution were similar to the ones used in cottage industries B. One effect of industrialization was that girls and boys worked side by side rather than in separate jobs C. As industrialization made production more efficient, employees had more control over their lives at work D. The Industrial Revolution transformed gender roles and family life by creating employment outside the home

(Photo of a girl working in a textile factory in the Industrial Revolution) Which reform movement emerged in response to the situation shown in the photo? A. measures to promote consumerism B. laws requiring students to attend school C. creation of anarchist and socialist communities D. support of measures to end employment

The invalid workman is saved from starvation by the measure we now advocate...whosoever has looked closely into the state of the poor in large towns, or into the arrangements made for paupers in country communes, and has seen for himself how- even in the best managed villages a poor wretch is sometimes treated when weakly and crippled, must admit that any healthy operative, contemplating that spectacle, is fully justified in exclaiming: ´It is simply horrible that a human being should be treated worse than a dog in his own house!´ I say therefore, our first object in bringing forward this bill is to ensure kindlier treatment to this class of the poor; and next year I will do my proposed to be made by the state for the better usage of the unemployed. For out the depth of the financial water into which we ask the country to plunge. Which statement provides the best context for understanding the passage? A. Germany lagged behind Britain in enacting reforms to improve the lives of industrial workers and the unemployed. B. The problems of urban industrial workers and the unemployed were much worse in Germany than in Britain. C. The United States led the way in enacting reforms to improve the lives of industrial workers and the unemployed. D. Industrialization caused greater economic insecurity in the lives of many urban workers.

¨The invalid workman is saved from starvation by the measure we now advocate...whosoever has looked closely into the state of the poor in large towns, or into the arrangements made for paupers in country communes, and has seen for himself how- even in the best managed villages a poor wretch is sometimes treated when weakly and crippled, must admit that any healthy operative, contemplating that spectacle, is fully justified in exclaiming: ´It is simply horrible that a human being should be treated worse than a dog in his own house!´ I say therefore, our first object in bringing forward this bill is to ensure kindlier treatment to this class of the poor; and next year I will do my proposed to be made by the state for the better usage of the unemployed. For out the depth of the financial water into which we ask the country to plunge. Bismarck made the proposal in the passage because he believed that A. the end of capitalism would create an Era of equality and justice for industrial workers B. if the government did not address worker problems associated with industrialization, socialists and other radicals might incite a revolt C. he had to appeal to socialists and other radicals in order to get them to join his government and provide their input D. the government needed to step in to reverse the environmental effects created by industrialization and urbanization

¨The invalid workman is saved from starvation by the measure we now advocate...whosoever has looked closely into the state of the poor in large towns, or into the arrangements made for paupers in country communes, and has seen for himself how- even in the best managed villages a poor wretch is sometimes treated when weakly and crippled, must admit that any healthy operative, contemplating that spectacle, is fully justified in exclaiming: ´It is simply horrible that a human being should be treated worse than a dog in his own house!´ I say therefore, our first object in bringing forward this bill is to ensure kindlier treatment to this class of the poor; and next year I will do my proposed to be made by the state for the better usage of the unemployed. For out the depth of the financial water into which we ask the country to plunge. Which reform was instituted by another government in response to the problems of industrialization? A. Britain expanded voting by reducing property owning qualifications. B. The U.S. government encouraged the growth of labor unions. C. Russian adopted utopian socialism. D. The United States allowed a women's rights movement to emerge.

"Generally speaking, the strength or weakness of a country is dependent on the wealth or poverty of its people, and the people's poverty of its people, and the people's wealth of poverty derives from the amount of available products. The diligence of the people is a major factor in determining the amount of products available, but in the final analysis, it can all be traced to the guidance and encouragement given by the government and its officials... Your subject respectfully recommends that a clear-cut plan be established... to determine the priorities under which industries may be encouraged... If the people are adequately wealthy, it follows naturally that the country will become strong and wealthy... If so. It will not be difficult for us to compete effectively. The main idea of this passage is that the government of Japan should A. Persuade people in Japan to work more diligently B. Create a plan to encourage foreign investment in Japanese industry C. Avoid influencing private economic decisions D. Encourage industrialization to enable Japan to compete economically

"Generally speaking, the strength or weakness of a country is dependent on the wealth or poverty of its people, and the people's poverty of its people, and the people's wealth of poverty derives from the amount of available products. The diligence of the people is a major factor in determining the amount of products available, but in the final analysis, it can all be traced to the guidance and encouragement given by the government and its officials... Your subject respectfully recommends that a clear-cut plan be established... to determine the priorities under which industries may be encouraged... If the people are adequately wealthy, it follows naturally that the country will become strong and wealthy... If so. It will not be difficult for us to compete effectively. Which possible government policy would most directly support the goal stated by the writer A. Reforming the japanese education system to increase training of workers and managers B. Improving the japanese agricultural system to feed the foreign residents brought into japan to work in the industrial factories C. Providing subsidies to the poor who would lose their traditional fobs as japan industrialized D. Passing new laws that would reward people for working harder.

"Generally speaking, the strength or weakness of a country is dependent on the wealth or poverty of its people, and the people's poverty of its people, and the people's wealth of poverty derives from the amount of available products. The diligence of the people is a major factor in determining the amount of products available, but in the final analysis, it can all be traced to the guidance and encouragement given by the government and its officials... Your subject respectfully recommends that a clear-cut plan be established... to determine the priorities under which industries may be encouraged... If the people are adequately wealthy, it follows naturally that the country will become strong and wealthy... If so. It will not be difficult for us to compete effectively. Which list of events related to the topic of the excerpt is in the correct chronological order? A. Perry's ships arrive in Tokyo Bay, the Meiji Restoration, the shogunate collapses, japan industrializes B. japan industrializes, the meiji restoration, the meiji restoration, the collapse of the shogunate, perrus ships arrive in tokyo bay C. Perry's ships arrive in tokyo bay, the shogunate collapses, the meiji restoration, japan industrializes D. The shogunate collapses, perry's ships arrive in tokyo bay, the meiji restoration, japan industrializes

"We have now received Her Majesty's decree to devote ourselves fully to China's revitalization, to suppress vigorously the use of the terms new and old, and to blend together the best of what is chinese and what is foreign. The root of China's weakness lies in harmful habits too firmly entrenched, in rules and regulations too minutely drawn, in the overabundance of inept and mediocre officials and in the paucity of truly outstanding ones, in petty bureaucrats who hide behind the written word and in clerks and yamen runners [administrative clerks] who use the written word as talismans [an object that brings good luck] to acquire personal that have no relationship to reality, and in the seniority system and associated practices that block the way of men of real talent." Which best summarizes the attitudes of the Chinese who fought in the Boxer Rebellion? A. Many chinese were angered by Qing laws on cultural issues, such as one outlawing the practice of traditional Chinese martial arts. B. Many Chinese rejected Western culture, particularly Christianity, and blamed it for a series of famines and other natural disasters. C. Many chinese defended their right to sell opium, and they did not want foreigners taking over the market. D. Many Chinese opposed the conquest of northern China b a Russian force known as the Boxers.

"We have now received Her Majesty's decree to devote ourselves fully to China's revitalization, to suppress vigorously the use of the terms new and old, and to blend together the best of what is chinese and what is foreign. The root of China's weakness lies in harmful habits too firmly entrenched, in rules and regulations too minutely drawn, in the overabundance of inept and mediocre officials and in the paucity of truly outstanding ones, in petty bureaucrats who hide behind the written word and in clerks and yamen runners [administrative clerks] who use the written word as talismans [an object that brings good luck] to acquire personal that have no relationship to reality, and in the seniority system and associated practices that block the way of men of real talent." Which concept best reflects the ideas advocated in the Reform Edict? A. The concept of concessions B. The principle of extraterritoriality C. The Open Door Policy D. The Self-Strengthening Movement

"We have now received Her Majesty's decree to devote ourselves fully to China's revitalization, to suppress vigorously the use of the terms new and old, and to blend together the best of what is chinese and what is foreign. The root of China's weakness lies in harmful habits too firmly entrenched, in rules and regulations too minutely drawn, in the overabundance of inept and mediocre officials and in the paucity of truly outstanding ones, in petty bureaucrats who hide behind the written word and in clerks and yamen runners [administrative clerks] who use the written word as talismans [an object that brings good luck] to acquire personal that have no relationship to reality, and in the seniority system and associated practices that block the way of men of real talent." How did the Boxer Rebellion lead to the Reform Edict? A. The failure of the Boxer Rebellion persuaded many members of the Chinese government to support more extensive reforms. B. The boxers were the "inept and mediocre officials" That the edict was trying to remove. C. The success of the Boxer Rebellion against the Qing opened the way for more significant reforms to be enacted. D. The boxers shifted their efforts from trying to drive foreigners out of China to serving as efficient government officials.

"By Sovereign decree, Viceroy and Governor of the forces, Commander of the cavalry and infantry beneath the skies, Conquer of the middle and outside kingdoms, Leader and savior, according to the decree of Heaven above, fulfilling heart's desire of men beneath, Restorer of ancient possession, the great and able General Shu [issue this mandate]. It has been said that 'extraordinary deeds everywhere need extraordinary men to do them, men of extraordinary deeds everywhere need extraordinary merit, which is true of old. Heaven's decree demands man's cooperation. The various realms under heaven belong to all men under heaven, not to any one man, and none but the virtuous shall have their lot therein.... The Tartars have ever proved of themselves to be ravenous wolves, violent-hearted, ruling but to the injury of their subjects. They have been of tenfold oppression." (B) The reference to "extraordinary men" implies that the Taiping believed that elite Confucian scholars should rule the country (A) The Praise of "the great and able General Shu" implies that the Taiping opposed China's government because it was led by civilians (C)The phrase "man's cooperation implies that the Taiping rejected all foreign rulers of China, including the Manchus. (D)The criticism of "Tartars" implies that the Taiping rejected all foreign rulers of China, including the Manchus.

"By Sovereign decree, Viceroy and Governor of the forces, Commander of the cavalry and infantry beneath the skies, Conquer of the middle and outside kingdoms, Leader and savior, according to the decree of Heaven above, fulfilling heart's desire of men beneath, Restorer of ancient possession, the great and able General Shu [issue this mandate]. It has been said that 'extraordinary deeds everywhere need extraordinary men to do them, men of extraordinary deeds everywhere need extraordinary merit, which is true of old. Heaven's decree demands man's cooperation. The various realms under heaven belong to all men under heaven, not to any one man, and none but the virtuous shall have their lot therein.... The Tartars have ever proved of themselves to be ravenous wolves, violent-hearted, ruling but to the injury of their subjects. They have been of tenfold oppression." A historian making the argument that the Taiping saw themselves as upholding of Chinese tradition could use this proclamation of evidence because it (A)Rejects the emphasis on obedience and virtue taught to students in Chinese symbols (B)Opposes the idea that a benevolent relationship between the Chinese emperor and the people should exist. (C)Supports the belief that China's government serve with the approval of heaven (D)Urges China to adopt ideas about government from Western countries for its own use

which of these movements included forced migrants before about 1850? A. British to australia B. indians to southeast asia C. chinese to southeast asia D: japanese to north america

indian migrations to places such a mauritius (migrations 3) and islands in the caribbean led most directly to which long-term effect? A. The abolition movement and eventual ending of the slave trade network across the atlantic ocean B. The infusion of indian cultural expressions, such as methods of food preparation, into local traditions C. Development of nationalism and movements for self-determination in places that received the indian immigrants D. The intensification of indian efforts to create multinational corporations by establishing sugar plantations in these ar

"The American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by and European powers... We should consider any attempt on their [Europeans'] part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States... It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord." Which statement summarizes the main idea stated in the passage? A. Many former colonies of European nations in the Western Hemisphere desired a return to colonial status. B. The United States intended to interfere in the administration of existing European colonies. C. The European powers must respect the sovereignty of independent nations in the Western Hemisphere. D. The United States must remain must remain neutral in any attempt of a European nation to claim land in the Western Hemisphere.

"The American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by and European powers... We should consider any attempt on their [Europeans'] part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States... It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord." Which event indicates that the Monroe Doctrine might have included a desire of U.S. leaders to engage in economic imperialism? A. The War of 1812 B. The Mexican-American War C. The Civil War D. The seven Years' War

"The American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by and European powers... We should consider any attempt on their [Europeans'] part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States... It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord." Which development in the Spanish-American War most directly demonstrated that the United states wanted to become an imperial power? A. Declaring war against a country in Europe B. Seizing territories in Mexico C. Helping Cuba become independent from Spain D. Taking control of the Philippines

"The english in india had always been somewhat more detached from the indigenous environment that the dutch in indonesia. After the 1780s, their isolation gradually intensified and became obvious with the decline in status of eurasian anglo-indians... The club became the center of british social life in india and the other asian colonies during the victorian era. In clubs, one could feel like a gentleman among other gentlemen while being served by a native staff... the large clubs of Calcutta remained closed to indians until 1946. This type of color bar was especially disturbing because it excluded from social recognition the very people who had carried their self-anglicizing [becoming more like the british] the furthest and loyally supported British rule... In most regions of Africa.. The europeans saw themselves as foreign rulers separated from the African cultures by an abyss... A process of great symptomatic significance was the reflection of the highly educated West Africans who had worked with the early mission. They had envisioned the colonial takeover as an opportunity for a joint European-African effort to modernize and civilize Africa. Instead, they were now, as 'white negroes,' despised by all." Which theory did europeans use most directly to justify the social patterns described in the passage? A. Social Darwinism B. Pan-africanism C. Popular sovereignty D. Laissez-faire capitalism

"The english in india had always been somewhat more detached from the indigenous environment that the dutch in indonesia. After the 1780s, their isolation gradually intensified and became obvious with the decline in status of eurasian anglo-indians... The club became the center of british social life in india and the other asian colonies during the victorian era. In clubs, one could feel like a gentleman among other gentlemen while being served by a native staff... the large clubs of Calcutta remained closed to indians until 1946. This type of color bar was especially disturbing because it excluded from social recognition the very people who had carried their self-anglicizing [becoming more like the british] the furthest and loyally supported British rule... In most regions of Africa.. The europeans saw themselves as foreign rulers separated from the African cultures by an abyss... A process of great symptomatic significance was the reflection of the highly educated West Africans who had worked with the early mission. They had envisioned the colonial takeover as an opportunity for a joint European-African effort to modernize and civilize Africa. Instead, they were now, as 'white negroes,' despised by all." Which statement best provides the context to understand how the racial policies described in the passage shaped imperialism in India and Africa? A. In both places, the english did not encourage highly educated native people to prepare for self-rule B. In both places, a smooth transition of power helped the highly educated native people gain political power. C. In both places, social clubs were the meeting places for native people planning to fight for self-rule D. In both places, the colonizers finally began to respect educated natives, thus weakening their own colonial rule.

"The english in india had always been somewhat more detached from the indigenous environment that the dutch in indonesia. After the 1780s, their isolation gradually intensified and became obvious with the decline in status of eurasian anglo-indians... The club became the center of british social life in india and the other asian colonies during the victorian era. In clubs, one could feel like a gentleman among other gentlemen while being served by a native staff... the large clubs of Calcutta remained closed to indians until 1946. This type of color bar was especially disturbing because it excluded from social recognition the very people who had carried their self-anglicizing [becoming more like the british] the furthest and loyally supported British rule... In most regions of Africa.. The europeans saw themselves as foreign rulers separated from the African cultures by an abyss... A process of great symptomatic significance was the reflection of the highly educated West Africans who had worked with the early mission. They had envisioned the colonial takeover as an opportunity for a joint European-African effort to modernize and civilize Africa. Instead, they were now, as 'white negroes,' despised by all." The context for the European attitudes described in the passage was that A. Americans were telling the British that "all men are created equal." B. Some scientists claimed Europeans were a biologically superior race. C. Most Indians and Africans preferred to create non-British clubs. D. Some Europeans hoped to drive native people out of India and Africa