Unit 4 – 12- 14 — Worksheet 13 – Flashcards

According to Aaron Beck, clients may engage in _________, which means looking at the world in black and white rather than in shades of gray. A. generosity B. generosity C. empathy D. absolutist thinking

Raul goes to a therapist. The therapist asks him to relax by lying on a couch and encourages him to talk about anything that comes to his mind. Through this process, the therapist hopes for some unconscious information to be revealed. Which of the following psychoanalytic techniques does the therapist use? A. Transference B. Free association C. Flooding D. Catharsis

Most anti-anxiety drugs belong to the chemical class known as _________. A. benzodiazepines B. phenothiazine C. selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors D. serotonin

Behavior therapy applies _____ to directly promote desired behavioral changes. A. principles of dynamics B. principles of avoidance C. principles of cognition D. principles of learning

A(n) _________ is a psychodynamically oriented therapist who focuses on the conscious, coping behavior of the ego instead of the hypothesized, unconscious functioning of the id. A. ego enhancer B. ego analyst C. humanistic enhancer D. gestalt analyst

A form of group therapy that may be undertaken from the systems approach is called _________. A. family therapy B. Gestalt therapy C. behavior therapy D. cognitive therapy

Which of the following is true of cognitive therapy? A. It focuses directly on thoughts and encourages ideas that help individuals solve problems. B. It is based on the assumption that beliefs and attitudes of individuals cannot be changed. C. It aims to solve clients' problems using spiritual cleansing approach. D. It emphasizes that childhood trauma is the root cause of current psychological problems.

Mary and Ted are working with a therapist to strengthen their communication, express their uncomfortable feelings, and learn to share in the decision-making process. In which of the following therapies are they involved? A. Communication therapy B. Couple therapy C. Aversion therapy D. Affective therapy

Which of the following statements best describes psychodynamic therapy? A. It is a type of psychotherapy that is based on Freud's thinking and assumes that psychological problems reflect early childhood experiences and internal conflicts. B. It is a controlled environment in which people are reinforced for desired behaviors with tokens (such as poker chips) that may be exchanged for privileges. C. It is proactive therapy by a trained therapist in which the client is exposed to a series of painful punishments, strict diet, and tedious exercises that help the client to leave any psychological inhibitions and lead a brave and physically fit life. D. It is therapy that spiritually cleanses the corrupt and insecure minds of clients and helps them lead a peaceful life.

Which of the following is a similarity between client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy? A. Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval or rejection. B. Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy assumes that people seldom don social masks, pretending to be things they are not. C. Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy was originated by Carl Rogers. D. Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy involves tedious and cruel methods to treat patients.

In psychoanalysis, which of the following statements best describes catharsis? A. It is the expression of repressed feelings and impulses to allow the release of the psychic energy associated with them. B. It is the uncensored uttering of all thoughts that come to mind. C. It is the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas—a reflection of the defense mechanism of repression. D. It is therapy in which a therapist tries to spiritually cleanse the corrupt and insecure minds of clients and helps them lead a peaceful life.

Katherine is terrified of dogs. To help alleviate her fears, her therapist first teaches her how to relax her muscles. Next, the therapist gradually exposes Katherine to different dogs using virtual reality displays while she relaxes to each presentation. Which of the following is the basis for the virtual therapy used by Katherine's therapist? A. aversive conditioning B. resistance C. systemac desensitization D. transference

Which of the following is a difference between traditional psychoanalysis and humanistic therapies? A. Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on early childhood experiences, while humanistic therapies focus on bio-psychological disorders. B. Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on client-centered therapy, while humanistic therapies focus on transference. C. Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on early childhood experiences, while humanistic therapies focus on what clients are experiencing here and now. D. Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on unconditional positive regard, while humanistic therapies focus on ego analysis.

In psychoanalysis, the uncensored uttering of all thoughts that come to mind is known as _________. A. resistance B. catharsis C. free association D. transference

________ are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud. A. Gestalt therapies B. Client-centered therapies C. Psychodynamic therapies D. Behavioral therapies

_________ refers to a behavior-therapy method for helping people in their interpersonal relations that utilizes self-monitoring, behavior rehearsal, and feedback. A. Successive approximation B. Social skills training C. Biofeedback training D. Cognitive therapy

In client-centered therapy, _________ refers to the recognition of a client's experiences and feelings. A. genuineness B. unconditional positive regard C. empathy D. free association

In client-centered therapy, _________ refers to respect for clients as human beings with unique values and goals. A. genuineness B. unconditional positive regard C. empathy D. free association

Which of the following is true of free association? A. Clients are made comfortable and asked to talk about any topic that comes to mind. B. Clients are requested not to disclose any personal information. C. Clients are asked to restrict themselves to expressing one topic at a time. D. Clients develop a strong wall of defense that block a client's insight into unconscious processes.

Which of the following is a similarity between cognitive therapists and humanistic therapists? A. Both focus on early childhood experiences and its cognitive link to the current trauma faced by clients. B. Both aim to foster self-insight, but they mainly aim to help make people more aware of their current cognitions. C. Both are more likely to focus on what clients were experiencing in their past. D. Both encourage strict and tedious mental and physical exercises

_________ is the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas—a reflection of the defense mechanism of repression. A. Resistance B. Free association C. Catharsis D. Transference

Psychotherapy refers to _________ between a client and a therapist. A. one-sided communication B. systematic interaction C. tedious counseling D. aversive conversation

_________ is a behavior-therapy technique in which a client observes and imitates a person who approaches and copes with feared objects or situations. A. unconditional positive regard B. tranference C. systematic desensitization D. modeling

_________ are controlled environments in which people are reinforced for desired behaviors with keepsakes, such as poker chips, that may be exchanged for privileges. A. Asylums B. Token economies C. Community mental health centers D. Hospices

Unlike client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy _________. A. is directive B. assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval C. assumes that people don social masks D. involves systematic desensitization

Sheryl is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her doctor recommends that she take some drugs. Which of the following drugs is she most likely taking? A. Minor tranquilizer B. Antidepressant C. Major tranquilizer D. Analgesic

_________ refers to the systematic application of the principles of learning to the direct modification of a client's problem behaviors. A. Behavior therapy B. Behavior orientation C. Client-centered therapy D. Client-centered orientation

Salma angrily tells her therapist, John, "I should have won the beauty contest. It's not fair." John confronts Salma's belief by asking, "Wasn't the winner more talented and articulate than you?" John is most likely to be a(n) _____. A. ego analyst B. client-centered therapist C. rational emotive behavior therapist D. traditional psychoanalyst

Behavior therapists rely heavily on principles of _________. A. conditioning and observational learning B. aversion and dynamic learning C. addiction and proactive learning D. cognition and passive learning

_________ was originated by Fritz Perls. A. Psychoanalysis therapy B. Gestalt therapy C. Client-centered therapy D. Psychodynamic therapy

Psychodynamic therapy, client-centered therapy, and Gestalt therapy consider psychological disorders to occur as a result of _____. A. past trauma B. internal conflict C. reinforcement history D. low self-esteem

According to Carl Rogers, which of the following is the basis for psychological problems? A. A focus on the here and now B. Childhood experiences and internal conflicts C. Roadblocks to self-actualization D. An unconscious conflict

What are two qualities of Ellis's rational emotive behavior therapy? A. Nondirective and passive B. Directive and passive C. Active and directive D. Invasive and active

Which of the following is true of rational emotive behavior therapists? A. They aim to encourage clients to challenge and correct irrational expectations. B. They focus on interpreting dreams and childhood experiences. C. They aim to decrease social anxiety and build social skills through operant-conditioning procedures. D. They aim to magnify the psychological problem to understand its origin.

Which of the following best describes psychotherapy? A. It is a systematic interaction between a therapist and a client that brings psychological principles to bear on influencing the client's thoughts, feelings, or behavior to help the client overcome psychological disorders, adjust to problems in living, or develop as an individual. B. It is proactive therapy, wherein a client is exposed to a series of painful punishments, strict diet, and tedious exercises by a trained therapist that eventually help the client to leave any psychological inhibitions and lead a brave and physically fit life. C. It refers to the biological tests administered to a client to diagnose any bio-psychological disorders that the client encounters. D. It refers to therapy in which a therapist tries to spiritually cleanse a client's corrupt and insecure mind and helps the client lead a peaceful life.

According to psychodynamic therapy, psychological problems reflect: A. an inconsistent reinforcement history. B. early childhood experiences and inner conflicts. C. inherited predispositions. D. excessive or unconditional love.

Based on the different behavior-therapy methods, which of the following is true of modeling? A. It relies on observational learning. B. It relies on principles of dynamics. C. It relies on principles of aversion. D. It relies on nondirective cognition.

Which of the following is true of client-centered therapists? A. They follow a directive approach. B. They seldom empathize with their clients as it might make them weak. C. They have unconditional positive regard for their clients. D. They are seldom open in responding to their clients as it might hurt their feelings.

Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of _________ in the brain. A. dopamine B. acetylcholine C. noradrenaline D. norepinephrine

Which of the following is the aim of traditional psychoanalysis? A. To provide insight into the conflicts that are presumed to lie at the roots of a person's problems B. To resolve a person's psychological issues through spiritual methods C. To achieve behavioral change in people with biological disorders D. To enhance the self-esteem of a person by providing him an enduring set of tedious physical and mental exercises