question

Many people who are bilingual experience a different sense of self, depending on which language they are using. This most clearly illustrates the implications of 1. Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis. 2. Skinner's reinforcement theory. 3. Broca's speech production theory. 4. Chomsky's language acquisition theory.

answer

Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis.

question

A football quarterback simultaneously calculates receiver distances, player movements, and weather conditions. This best illustrates the activity of multiple 1. critical periods. 2.morphemes. 3.neural networks. 4.heuristics.

answer

neural networks.

question

Compared with deaf children exposed to sign language from birth, those who first learn sign language as teens are less likely to 1. correctly imitate the signs they are shown. 2. use signs to indicate concrete objects. 3. mentally associate signs with written words. 4. comprehend grammatical subtleties of sign language.

answer

comprehend grammatical subtleties of sign language.

question

B. F. Skinner emphasized the importance of ________ in language acquisition. 1.heuristics 2.perceptual set 3.reinforcement 4.universal grammar

answer

reinforcement

question

It is difficult to explain language acquisition solely in terms of imitation and reinforcement because children 1.acquire language even in the absence of social interaction. 2.resent being corrected for grammatical mistakes. 3.generate all sorts of sentences they have never heard before. 4.employ telegraphic speech patterns before their second birthday.

answer

...generate all sorts of sentences they have never heard before.

question

Noam Chomsky has emphasized that the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by 1. an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules. 2. their ability to imitate the words and grammar modeled by parents. 3.the learned association of word sounds with various objects, events, actions, and qualities. 4. the positive reinforcement that adults give children for speaking correctly.

answer

an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules.

question

English words are constructed from about ________ different phonemes. 5 6 26 40

answer

40

question

The isolated Piraha tribespeople of Brazil have no words for specific numbers higher than 2. If shown 7 nuts in a row they find it difficult to lay out the same number from their own pile of nuts. This best illustrates the impact of 1. language on thinking. 2. images on thinking. 3. syntax on grammar. 4. process simulations on outcome simulations.

answer

language on thinking.

question

Many people who are bilingual experience a different sense of self, depending on which language they are using. This most clearly illustrates the implications of 1. Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis. 2. Skinner's reinforcement theory. 3. Broca's speech production theory. 4. Chomsky's language acquisition theory.

answer

Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis.

question

Human language appears to have evolved from 1. a perceptual set. 2. gestured communication. 3. a process simulation. 4. a critical period.

answer

gestured communication.

question

Introductory psychology students facing a midterm exam one week later spent five minutes each day visualizing themselves scanning the posted grade list, seeing their A grade, and feeling proud. This ________ simulation had ________ effect on their exam scores. 1. process; little 2. outcome; little 3. process; a large 4. outcome; a large

answer

outcome; little

question

After Paul's snow-skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Wernicke's area. Because of the damage, Paul is most likely to experience difficulty in 1. remembering past events. 2.pronouncing words correctly. 3. understanding what others are saying. 4. recognizing familiar faces.

answer

understanding what others are saying

question

Which of the following would be most characteristic of a 2-year-old's telegraphic speech?

answer

eat apple

question

The best evidence that there is a critical period for language acquisition is the fact that. 1. infants babble sounds that occur in their parents' native language. 2.toddlers maintain a capacity to discriminate language sounds they have never heard. 3.people most easily master the grammar of a second language during childhood. 4. preschoolers typically fail to use proper syntax.

answer

people most easily master the grammar of a second language during childhood.

question

The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as 1. Wernicke's area. 2. Broca's area. 3. the temporal lobe. 4. the parietal lobe.

answer

Broca's area.

question

At some point during the babbling stage, infants begin to 1. imitate adult grammar. 2. communicate in telegraphic speech. 3. speak in simple words that may be barely recognizable. 4. lose their ability to discriminate sounds they never hear.

answer

lose their ability to discriminate sounds they never hear.

question

Animal trainers' expectations may have led them to interpret some chimpanzees' signs as indicative of greater linguistic ability than is warranted. This best illustrates the shortcoming of 1. a universal grammar. 2. a critical period. 3.a perceptual set. 4. linguistic determinism

answer

a perceptual set.

question

Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the ________ stage of language development. 1.one-word 2.babbling 3.two-word 4.semantic

answer

two word

question

Six-month-old Ohmar recognizes the difference between squares and circles just as accurately as his 3-year-old brother, who can correctly name the different shapes. This fact would most directly challenge 1. Chomsky's language acquisition theory. 2. Wernicke's speech comprehension theory. 3. Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis. 4. Skinner's reinforcement theory.

answer

Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis.

question

wernicke's area is typically located in the left ________ lobe. 1. parietal 2.occipital 3. temporal 4. frontal

answer

temporal

question

the word "cats" contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s).

answer

4; 2

question

the rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different meanings for the word "hit" in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of 1. syntax. 2. semantics. 3. morphemes. 4. phonemes.

answer

semantics.

question

Introductory psychology students performed best on a midterm psychology test if they had previously spent five minutes a day visualizing themselves

answer

studying effectively.

question

Morphemes are 1. the smallest speech units that carry meaning. 2. the rules that enable us to communicate. 3. the smallest distinctive sound units of a language. 4. rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences.

answer

the smallest speech units that carry meaning.

question

Lavonne was careful to avoid the use of dangling participles and run-on sentences in her essay because she did not want to lose points for faulty

answer

syntax.

question

It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed. This suggestion most clearly illustrates _____.

answer

linguistic determinism

question

The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is called a 1. grammar. 2. suffix. 3. morpheme. 4. phoneme.

answer

phoneme.

question

Animal trainers' expectations may have led them to interpret some chimpanzees' signs as indicative of greater linguistic ability than is warranted. This best illustrates the shortcoming of

answer

a perceptual set.

question

Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that 1. infancy is a critical period for language development. 2. all languages share a similar grammar. 3. our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status. 4. words shape the way people think.

answer

words shape the way people think.

question

In the words helped and called, the "ed" ending is a(n)

answer

morpheme.

question

Wernicke's area is a region of the brain involved in

answer

language comprehension.

question

Using barely recognizable syllables to communicate meaning best illustrates a 12-month-old's developing capacity for

answer

productive language.

question

To combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, we need to apply proper rules of

answer

syntax.

question

Semantics refers to the

answer

rules by which we derive meaning from sounds.

question

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis for

answer

underestimating the extent to which thinking occurs without language.

question

Mentally segmenting other's spoken sounds into individual words best illustrates a 7-month-old's capacity for

answer

receptive language.

question

The system of rules in a language that enables us to understand and communicate with others is called

answer

correct grammar.

question

To combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, we need to apply proper rules of

answer

syntax.

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