Unit 3 AP HUG vocabulary – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Age distribution
answer
Two back-to-back bar graphs, one showing the number of males and one showing females in a particular population in five-year age groups, this tells you from the age distribution important characteristics of a country, whether high guest worker population, they just had a war or a deadly disease etc. Ex:
question
Agricultural density
answer
The number of farmers per unit of area of farmland.
question
Arithmetic density
answer
The total number of people divided by the total land area, this is what most people think of as density; how many people there are per area of land.
question
Carrying capacity
answer
This is the population level that can be supported, given the quantity of food, habitat, water and other life infrastructure present, this tells how many people an area will be able to support.
question
Census
answer
An full enumeration of a population Ex: the US census counts how many civilians live in the United States Cite: The cultural landscape.
question
Cohort
answer
Population of various age categories in an age-sex population pyramids this displays what stage this country is in whether in Stage 3 or Stage 5 in the demographic transition model.
question
Crude birth rate (CBR)
answer
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 living civilians in a society
question
Crude death rate (CDR)
answer
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 civilians in a society
question
Demographic equation
answer
The formula that calculates population change, the formula finds the increase (or decrease) in a population, the formula is found by doing births minus deaths plus (or minus) net migration, this determines which stage in the demographic transition model a country is in.
question
Demographic momentum
answer
The tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution, once this happens a country moves to a different stage in the demographic transition model.
question
Demographic regions
answer
Any defined area or unit of the surface of the earth that one wishes to study/ analyze demographically and spatially
question
Demographic transition model
answer
The 5 stages of populations growth/ decay, stage 1: low growth, stage 2: high growth, stage 3: moderate growth, stage 4: low growth, stage 5: (although very rare) zero/ negative population growth, this shows the way countries around the world transition from a less developing country to a more developed country
question
Dependency ratio
answer
The amount of people under the age of 15, and above the age of 64 compared to the number of people active in the work force
question
Diffusion of fertility control
answer
The diffusion of fertility control is spread throughout the world, and it shows the average amount of kids women in countries are having and helping us to see where the countries are growing rapidly and where they are leveling off
question
Disease diffusion
answer
There are two types, contagious and hierarchical, Hierarchical is along high density areas that spread from urban to rural areas, Contagious is spread through the density of people this determines how the disease spreads so you can predict how exactly it will diffuse.
question
Doubling time
answer
The amount of time estimated to be needed to double a population, assuming the rate of natural increase remains constant
question
Ecumene
answer
The portion of the earths surface permanently occupied by human settlement
question
Epidemiological transition model
answer
A distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition this can explain how a countries population changes so dramatically and more.
question
Gendered space
answer
Areas or regions specifically designed for men or women Ex: Meredith college, Nc Cite: wake county school system
question
Infant mortality rate
answer
The total amount of infants under the age of 1 deaths in a year for every 1,000 live births in a society
question
J-curve
answer
When the population projections show exponential growth, sometimes in the shape of a J
question
Maladaptation
answer
An adaptation that has become more harmful than helpful, this relates to human geography because it has become less and less suitable and more of a problem or hindrance in its own right, as time goes on which shows as the world changes so do the things surrounding it.
question
Malthus, Thomas
answer
Was one of the first to argue that the worlds rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food population, and created a model to show it. Ex:
question
Mortality
answer
There are two useful ways to measure mortality; infant mortality rate and life expectancy. The IMR reflect a country's health care system and life expectancy measures the average number of years a baby can expect to live. Ex: the black plague that killed 75 million Civilians in the 14th century
question
Natality
answer
This is the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; it is expressed as number of birth in year to every 1000 people alive in the society.
question
Neo- Malthusian
answer
Theory that builds upon Malthus' thoughts on overpopulation. Takes into count two factors that Malthus did not: population growth in LDC's, and outstripping of resources other than food
question
Population
answer
All the inhabitants of a town, city, country, etc.
question
Population densities
answer
The frequency with which something occurs in space is density
question
Population distributions
answer
The arrangement of a feature in space is distribution.
question
Population explosion
answer
A sudden increase or burst in the population in either a certain geographical area or worldwide.
question
Population pyramid
answer
Population displayed by age and gender on a bar graph.
question
Physiological density
answer
Number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture.
question
S-curve
answer
Traces the cyclical movement upwards and downwards in a graph, named for its shape as the letter "s".
question
Sex ratio
answer
The number of males per hundred females in the population.
question
Standard of living
answer
refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way they are distributed within a population
question
Sustainability
answer
Providing the best outcomes for human and natural environments both in the present and for the future.
question
Total fertility rate (TFR)
answer
The average number of children a women will have as long as she is able.
question
Under population
answer
The opposition to overpopulation and refers to a sharp drop or decrease in a region's population.
question
Zero population growth
answer
When the crude birth rate equals the crude death rate and the natural increase rate approaches zero.
question
Migration
answer
A form of relocation diffusion involving a move to a new location that is permanent.
question
Activity space
answer
Space allotted for a certain industry or activity.
question
Brain drain
answer
Large scale emigration by talented people
question
Chain migration
answer
When one family member migrates to a new country and the rest of the family follows. Ex:
question
Counter urbanization
answer
Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries. Ex:
question
Cyclic movement
answer
Trends in migration and other processes that have a clear cycle. Ex: going from home to work each day Cite: Mr.Story
question
Distance decay
answer
When contact between two groups diminishes because of the distance between them. Ex:
question
gravity model
answer
Predicts that the optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it. Ex:
question
Forced migration
answer
People removed from their countries and forced to live in other countries because of war, natural disaster, and government. Ex: the trail of tears, when the U.S government forced the native Americans to move Cite: Mr.Story
question
Immigration
answer
The migrating to a new location. Ex: my mother moving from Mexico to America 16 years ago Cite: my mom
question
Internal migration
answer
Permanent movement within a particular country. Ex:
question
Internally displaced person (IDP)
answer
Someone who has been forced to migrate but not across international borders. Ex:
question
Intervening obstacle
answer
An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that stops the flow of migration. Ex:
question
Intervening opportunity
answer
An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that helps migration.
question
Intercontinental migration pattern
answer
Permanent movement from one country to a different country on the same continent.
question
Interregional migration pattern
answer
Permanent movement from one region of the country to another. Ex:
question
Rural urban migration pattern
answer
Permanent movement from suburbs and rural area to the urban city area.
question
Migratory movement
answer
The direction(s) in which migrants move.
question
Net migration
answer
The difference between the level of immigration and emigration in a nation. Ex:
question
Pull factors
answer
Positive factors that induce people to leave old residences and move to new locations. Ex: safety, opportunity, stability, freedom, etc. Cite:
question
Push factors
answer
Negative factors that induce people to leave old residences and move to new locations. Ex: poverty, war, fear, unemployment, disasters, etc. Cite:
question
Refugees
answer
People forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in social group, or political opinion. Ex: refugees from Syria leaving to escape the war going on Cite: Mr.Story
question
Unauthorized immigrants
answer
People who enter a country without the proper documents allowing them to do so. Ex: my mother was an unauthorized immigrant for 16 years until recently when she was able to obtain her green card Cite: My mother
question
Voluntary migration
answer
Permanent migration made by choice. Ex: my mother "voluntarily" left Mexico because of push factors such as poverty, and lack of safety Cite: my mom
