question

When Hubert Humphrey won the Democratic nomination for the presidency in 1968, he did so without

answer

competing in a single state primary

question

By the time the 2012 presidential election was completed, the Obama campaign and the Romney campaign, together with a dozen other contenders for the presidency, had raised and spent approximately

answer

6 Billion

question

Most of the money that individual candidates spend during the course of a campaign is directed toward

answer

media related activities

question

A comprehensive study on political advertisements found that the largest number emphasized voters

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Fear

question

The text suggests that the term campaigning has become a synonym for

answer

Fundraising

question

A major difference between presidential campaigns and congressional campaigns is that

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Presidential races are generally more competitive

question

In 2000, George Bush chose __________ as a theme for his campaign.

answer

Compassionate Conservatism

question

The apportionment of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives is detailed in what article and section of the Constitution

answer

Article I Section 2

question

When a district is drawn in a bizarre or unusual shape to assist a candidate, it is

answer

Gerrymandered

question

The first real test of a candidate vying for the nomination comes in

answer

Iowa

question

Democrats who participate in the Iowa caucus tend to be more

answer

liberal than democrats generally

question

In the 1980 presidential election, many people voted for Ronald Reagan over Jimmy Carter as a vote against Carter, not out of loyalty to Reagan. Such a vote is referred to as a(n)

answer

clothespin vote

question

what is is an example of a valence issue.

answer

Low Crime Rates and Low Unemployment

question

A __________ issue is one in which the rival candidates have opposing views on a question that also divides the voters.

answer

position issue

question

Short television ads are called

answer

Spots

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You must declare in advance that you are a registered member of a political party in a(n) __________ primary.

answer

Closed

question

In a(n) __________ primary, you decide when you enter the voting booth which party's primary you wish to participate in.

answer

open

question

In 1981, the Supreme Court ruled that _________ have the right to decide how delegates to national conventions are selected.

answer

Political Parities, not state legislatures

question

It was somewhat unusual for Richard Nixon to agree to debate John Kennedy in 1960 because

answer

Kennedy was less well known than Nixon

question

The campaign finance law created in the 1970s was the direct by-product of

answer

Watergate Scandal

question

Most of the money for congressional candidates comes from

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Individuals

question

The experience with 527 organizations in the 2004 elections suggests that campaign finance laws

answer

Are not likely to take money out of politics

question

One advantage that incumbents always have over challengers is

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Their use of free mailings, and reputation

question

Many scholars argue that the foremost factor in determining how people vote is

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Party identification

question

When a voter votes for the candidate whom he or she considers more likely to do a better job in office, that voting is referred to as

answer

Prospective voting

question

The text suggests that political junkies are more likely to engage in __________ voting.

answer

Prospective Voting

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The text suggests that elections are decided by __________ voters.

answer

Retrospective

question

The 2012 election produced the following outcome for congress:

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congress was split democrats controlled senate republican controlled house .. democratic president

question

Of the following statements, which one best describes voters relationship with political parties. a. Voters are more attached to political parties today than they were a hundred years ago. b. Voters favor strong political parties more than they do individual candidates. c. Voters are less attached to political parties today than they were a hundred years ago. d. Voters are extremely knowledgeable about the platforms of the major parties. e. Voters have increased their loyalty to their political party in recent years.

answer

c. Voters are less attached to political parties today than they were a hundred years ago.

question

The Founders—and George Washington in particular—thought of political parties as

answer

Factions motivated by ambition and self interest

question

Over recent decades, research on party identification has found an increase in

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Independents

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The U.S. federal system ensures that the nation's parties are __________ than

answer

More decentralized

question

The first organized political party in American history was

answer

Followers of Jefferson

question

The distinctive feature of the Jacksonian era of political parties was

answer

Political Participation became a mass phenomenon with the two party system

question

National party conventions were developed as a reform of

answer

party caucuses

question

The ________, a faction of the Republican Party, were opposed to the patronage system and favored nonpartisan elections at the city level.

answer

Progressives

question

Scholars refer to a period when a major, lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties as a

answer

Critical/Realignment Period

question

Scholars have identified __________ critical, or realigning, periods in American

answer

Five

question

The elections of Ronald Reagan could not have marked realignment because

answer

they left control of Congress in the hands of the democratic Party

question

Clear realignments, like the one that occurred in 1932, may not occur again because

answer

Part Labels have lost their meaning for a browning number of voters

question

Ticket splitting helps create

answer

Divided Government

question

The national party conventions meet every __________ years to nominate a presidential candidate.

answer

4

question

Beginning in the 1960s, the __________ became more bureaucratized, whereas the __________ became more factionalized.

answer

Republican.... Democrat

question

Which candidate distinguished himself by raising an extraordinary amount of money via the Internet?

answer

Howard Dean

question

The term superdelegate refers to

answer

Elected officials and part leaders who are not required to pledge themselves in advance to the prudential candidate

question

The classical machine-type party was developed and perfected a. in the nineteenth century, before the large-scale Irish and Italian immigrations. b. in the nineteenth century, after the large-scale Irish and Italian immigrations. c. at the time of the New Deal, when thousands of civil servants were jobless. d. after World War II, when thousands of soldiers returned from Europe and the Pacific. e. during the implementation of Great Society programs in the Deep South.

answer

a. in the nineteenth century, before the large-scale Irish and Italian immigrations.

question

The Hatch Act allows federal civil service employees to do what

answer

Cote without being intimidated or bribed

question

According to Democratic Senator Barbara Mikulski, the training grounds for

answer

National political activists today are social movements

question

The political involvement of the United Auto Workers (UAW) in Detroit is an example of a(n)______________ __party

answer

Sponsored Party

question

The plurality electoral system in the United States means that every party must be a_____________________________________

answer

Broad based Coalition

question

Americans tend to see Democrats handling this issue better than Republicans.

answer

The Economy

question

George Wallace's American Independent Party was an example of a(n)

answer

Factional Party

question

The Libertarian and Socialist parties in the United States are examples of

answer

ideological parties

question

The Populist Party is an example of a(n)

answer

Economic Protest Party

question

National convention delegates, compared with their respective party members, tend to be more ______ if they are Democrats and more ______ if republican

answer

liberal, conservative

question

The disadvantage of the new primary system that has developed in the United States is that it a. increases the role of rank-and-file party members to exert an influence over the party's candidate choice. b. increases the chances that the party will nominate a candidate who is unappealing to the average voter. c. decreases the opportunity for those with strong policy preferences to play a role in the party. d. decreases the likelihood that one party or the other will gain control of the presidency for several terms. e. increases the likelihood of interest groups supporting candidates who are appealing to single-issue voters.

answer

b. increases the chances that the party will nominate a candidate who is unappealing to the average voter.

question

A meeting of party followers at which convention delegates are picked is known as a

answer

Caucus

question

An interest group is

answer

an organized group of individuals that seek to influence public policy

question

During the 1830s and 1840s, the number of religious associations increased or decreased

answer

Increased

question

The activity of lobbyists is protected by the __________Amendment .

answer

First

question

The growth of numerous public-interest lobbies in the 1960s was an example of interest groups that formed as a result of

answer

The Enlargement of governmental responsibilities

question

what interest groups are an examples of an institutional interest?

answer

individuals or organizations representing other organizations, like General Motors

question

The reason Americans participate in civic associations more frequently than doUni

answer

Higher Sense of Efficacy and civic duty

question

People who join interest groups for a sense of pleasure, status, or companionship are joining because of

answer

Solidary Incentives

question

Members of a farm bureau are most likely to have joined as a result of _________ incentives.

answer

Material

question

Organizations that attract members by appealing to a coherent set of usually controversial principles are called

answer

Ideological Interest Groups

question

Ralph Nader became famous after testifying in favor of a bill regarding

answer

automobile safety

question

The National Organization for Women (NOW) is an example of a feminist organization whose membership incentives are primarily__________________

answer

Purposive

question

The launching of the environmental movement was assisted by a. a hurricane in Pensacola, Florida. b. several incidents of contaminated water in Boston. c. an oil spill on the Santa Barbara beaches. d. the highly publicized deaths of dozens of sperm whales. e. controversies surrounding the spread of diseases in animals.

answer

c. an oil spill on the Santa Barbara beaches.

question

The peak of the labor union movement in the United States occurred in the year

answer

1930s

question

The single most important activity of interest groups, in the eyes of many lobbyists and academic students of lobbying, is

answer

giving information .. supplying credible information

question

Probably the best measure of an interest group's influence is its

answer

Organizational Skills

question

Lobbyists are restrained from misrepresenting facts or misleading legislators by the fear of

answer

losing legislators trust and confidence

question

The Republican activist William Kristol used __________ to guide members of Congress in opposition to Clinton's health care plan.

answer

Computer operated fax machines

question

The lobbying firm, Cassidy and Associates, securing federal money for a university to construct a nutrition center is an example of

answer

Earmark

question

In recent years, interest groups frequently use a grassroots lobbying strategy referred to as the

answer

insider

question

An example cited by the text of how grassroots opposition to a governmental action can influence Congress is a. the Food and Drug Administration's banning of saccharin. b. the Forest Service's banning of campfires in national parks. c. the Environmental Protection Agency's approval of acid rain. d. the Central Intelligence Agency's approval of strategic assassination. e. the Internal Revenue Service's approval of electronic filing.

answer

a. the Food and Drug Administration's banning of saccharin.

question

The campaign finance reforms of 1973 a. encouraged a rapid growth in political action committees (PACs). b. led to a slight decrease in the number of political action committees (PACs). c. led to a significant decrease in the number of political action committees (PACs). d. had no impact on the number of political action committees (PACs). e. reduced PAC spending.

answer

a. encouraged a rapid growth in political action committees (PACs).

question

The type of interest group that increased its numbers most rapidly during the early 1980s was the a. corporate political action committee (PAC). b. labor PAC. c. professional PAC. d. ideological PAC. e legislative PAC.

answer

d. ideological PAC.

question

The Court's decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission allowed __________ to fund "electioneering communications" within 30 days of a primary election. a. business corporations b. nonprofit organizations c. unions d. Options A, B, C, and D are true. e. None of the above is true.

answer

d. Options A, B, C, and D are true.

question

Sometimes money affects legislative behavior not so much by buying votes as by ensuring

answer

access

question

A government official might leave her position and join a corporation to which she previously awarded government contracts. This is a clear example of

answer

the revolving door

question

Former executive branch employees may not appear before any agency for __________ on matters that came within the former employee's official sphere of responsibility.

answer

two years

question

The liberal Daily Kos and the conservative Power Line are examples of

answer

Blogs

question

The Watergate scandal during the Nixon administration was first exposed by what newspaper

answer

Washington Post

question

Young persons are more likely to rely on _________ as their source for news.

answer

Internet

question

Which statement is correct about libel laws? a. Laws governing libel are much stricter in Great Britain than in the United States making it easier for British politicians to sue newspapers for publishing articles that defame or ridicule them. b. Laws governing libel are much stricter in the United States than in Great Britain making it easier for American politicians to sue newspapers for publishing articles that defame or ridicule them. c. The Official Secrets Act in the United States makes it difficult for reporters to publish stories dealing with national security. d. The Freedom of Information Act in Great Britain makes it easy for reporters to get access to many public documents. e. None of the above is true.

answer

a. Laws governing libel are much stricter in Great Britain than in the United States making it easier for British politicians to sue newspapers for publishing articles that defame or ridicule them.

question

In the early years of the republic, newspapers were financially supported by

answer

Subsidies

question

For all their excesses, the sensationalist mass newspapers of the late nineteenth century effected several important changes in the press, including

answer

freeing the press from government control

question

The medium that first allowed public officials to reach the public in a relatively unfiltered manner was

answer

Radio

question

The term yellow journalism was coined to describe media sensationalism in what era?

answer

Turn of the Century

question

A study of "sound bites" on the broadcasts of the evening news in 2000, found the average length of bites to be about

answer

7 seconds

question

During the 2010 midterm elections, more than half of all Americans used __________ to get political news about the elections.

answer

Internet

question

The television weekly "60 Minutes" runs a segment on the role of local politicians in the drug trade. The issue soon becomes the subject of national debate. In these circumstances, "60 Minutes" is acting as a(n) ___________.

answer

Gate Keeper

question

When Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein wrote the stories that broke the Watergate scandal, the reporters were acting as ___________.

answer

WatchDogs

question

The media typically report presidential elections as horse races because of the media's role as __________.

answer

scorekeeper

question

The text states that the media typically report presidential elections as horse races. This means that they

answer

keep the score and keep track of who's winning

question

When it comes to the freedom of the press, the First Amendment has been interpreted as meaning that no government, federal or state, can a. place "prior restraints" on the press except under very narrowly defined circumstances. b. regulate the types of words used on broadcast television. c. regulate advertisements on network television. d. place conditions on cable providers. e. None of the above is true.

answer

a. place "prior restraints" on the press except under very narrowly defined circumstances.

question

The federal government sued the New York Times to prevent it from publishing the

answer

Pentagon Papers

question

In general, what position has the Supreme Court taken on the government's right to compel reporters to divulge information concerning the commission of a crime?

answer

it has upheld it

question

In 2005, the reporter Judith Miller of The New York Times spent 85 days in jail because she would not reveal the name of the individual who told her the name of a CIA employee. Why was the government able to hold her for so long? a. There is no federal shield law that will protect journalist refusing to identify sources. b. The state that she was in did not have a state shield law. c. The issue was a matter of national security. d. The reporter had written a libelous article. e. The reporter leaked confidential information.

answer

a. There is no federal shield law that will protect journalist refusing to identify sources.

question

The Carter-Reagan debate in 1980 was sponsored by the League of Women Voters (LWV) because

answer

the arrangement allowed circumvention of the equal access rule

question

The __________ is responsible for regulating radio and television broadcasting.

answer

Federal Communications Commissions

question

In __________, the Court ruled that freedom of the press applies to state governments, so that they cannot impose prior restraints on newspapers. a. Near v. Minnesota b. New York Times v. Sullivan c. Miami Herald v. Tornillo d. McCulloch v. Maryland e. New York Times v. United States

answer

a. Near v. Minnesota

question

In comparison with the general public, the great majority of the members of the national news media are

answer

Liberal

question

Insider stories are often the product of____________________ by someone in government

answer

Leaks

question

Mayer's analysis of the dominance of conservative talk radio emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT that a. there are more self-described conservatives in America than liberals. b. conservatives see radio as an alternative to other forms of media that do not reflect their viewpoints. c. much of the liberal audience is broken up into distinct racial and ethnic minorities. d. few members of racial and ethnic minorities listen to radio. e. liberals think their views are encouraged by newspapers and television stations.

answer

d. few members of racial and ethnic minorities listen to radio.

question

A study of 10 newspapers and the Associated Press found that news regarding government reports about sales, unemployment, and economic growth was more likely to be presented in a positive fashion if a________________ _was president

answer

Democrat

question

According to the text, the first president to raise cultivation of the media to an art form was

answer

Theodore Roosevelt

question

The press secretary heads a large staff that __________. a. meets with reporters. b. briefs the president on questions he is likely to be asked c. attempts to control the flow of news from cabinet departments to the press d. Options A, B, C, and D are true. e. None of the above is true.

answer

d. Options A, B, C, and D are true.

Unit 3 AP Gov Test – Flashcards

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