unit 13 history test – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
1946: Veterans came home, started families, and created the ___________ _____________ -1950s: huge growth in population
answer
baby boom
question
1944, ___________ ___________of rights-sent millions of veterans to college
answer
GI Bill
question
veterans administration (VA) gave veterans ____________for homes and small businesses
answer
loans
question
economic _______________: 1950-1970- "The affluent society" -consumerism: americans bought homes, cars, appliances, vacations. etc... -middle class grew
answer
boom
question
1945, interstate ____________system: created modern freeway system -evacuation in case of nuclear war
answer
highway
question
________________grew because of more cars and highways
answer
suburbs
question
1950s= American ________________ -strong family values and church membership -strong patriotism and anti-communism -women should be homemakers
answer
conformity
question
__________________: music of the younger generation
answer
rock n roll
question
____________was the most popular entertainment
answer
tv
question
while the white middle-class Americans were growing iin wealth, up to 25% of americans lived in ______________
answer
poverty
question
_____________,___________, and discrimination against blacks, Hispanics, and other minorities kept them out of the "affluent society"
answer
racism, segregation
question
1962, American socialist Michael harringtons book the _______________ ______________ was a study of poverty in the United States -"that the poor are invisible is one of the most important things about them," Harrington wrote. "they are not simply neglected and forgotten...what is much worse, they are not seen"
answer
other america
question
Harrington believed American must have a ____________ _____________projects to end unemployment
answer
public works
question
Harrington and his book influenced _______________including president John F. Kennedy and led to president lydon b Johnsons "war on poverty" -war on poverty: Medicaid, medicare, food stamps and expaned social security benefits
answer
democrats
question
WWII resulted in the ________________ ________________
answer
cold war
question
U.S. and USSR emerged as world _____________________
answer
superpowers
question
_____________ ____________: U.S. vs. Soviet Union over spread of communism -no full-scale war: fear of atomic bombs -many small wars and two major wars: korea and vietnam
answer
cold war
question
Churchills "_____________ _____________" speech warned americans of soviet expansion in eastern europe
answer
iron curtain
question
U.S. point of view: 1. __________________created "spheres" of influence in eastern Europe 2. Soviets promise to allow _____________in eastern Europe was broken 3. USSR refused to release East Germany 4. US wanted __________________spread throughout the world
answer
1. USSR 2. elections 4. democracy
question
Soviet point of view: 1. U.S. and western Europe could not be ____________ 2. ______________attacked USSR twice -eatearn Europe would become a "buffer zone" 3. Greed of U.S. ____________hurt poor people
answer
1. trusted 2. Germany 3. imperialism
question
1949: Soviet Union tested an _______ ________________ -US no longer had a nuclear monopoly
answer
atomic bomb
question
____________bomb: -1952: U.S. exploded H bomb (thermonuclear bomb) -1953: Soviets exploded H-bomb -humankind now had the ability to end civilization
answer
nuclear
question
The ______________ _____________________was created to prevent war
answer
united nations
question
Two parts: 1. _________ _____________: all nations can talk about issues 2. ____________ ______________: for settling disputes -five permanent members: US, USSR, China, Britian, and France -Any veto would overrule a proposal for UN Action
answer
1. General Assembly 2. Security Council
question
Countries were ________________after WWII between communism and capitalism 1. Korea and Vietnam: communists in the north, capitalists in the south 2. Germany and Berlin split into 4 zones
answer
divided
question
_________________dominated their east german zone -weak and enslaved Germany=a safe germany
answer
soviets
question
_______________felt Germany should have a strong capitalist democracy
answer
U.S.
question
A democratic capitalist _____________ ________________created
answer
west Germany
question
communist ___________ _______________(GDR) created, controlled by soviets
answer
east Germany
question
Soon after the U.S.S.R. came to power, the soviet union created the ______________ ______________or comintern -later it will be known as the cominform
answer
communist international
question
________________and cominforms job was to spread the communist revolution and around the world
answer
comintern
question
__________________gave money, training, propaganda books, and weapons to communist revolutions
answer
U.S.S.R.
question
___________________had problems expanding because it broke old traditions -Marxist communists believe in killing, stealing, from the rich, revolutions, war, and are atheist
answer
communism
question
_____________countries= communism grew in popularity
answer
poor
question
rebel ___________ _____________fought in communist revolutions in central America, south America, and cuba -Che used terrorism and war to spread communism in poor countries
answer
Che Guevara
question
________________of Containment= America must stop the spread of communism -USSR wanted to expand its empire (communism)
answer
Policy
question
______________ _________________supported containment -we will help any "free" country fight against communism -1947: Truman asked congress for $400 million to support turkey and Greece
answer
Truman Doctrine
question
___________ _______________(1947): US money to rebuild Europe -France, Italy and Germany were suffering -US feared communists could take control -marshall plan gave $12.5 billion to 16 countries -eastern European nations prohibited (by the USSR) from accepting aid
answer
Marshall plan
question
(1948-49) ______________ _________________(inside east Germany) was cut off by USSR -2 million west Berliners became hostages
answer
west berlin
question
_____________ ______________: U.S. organized massive airlift for nearly a year; 277,000 flights, 2 million tons -may 1949: soviets lifted blockade
answer
Berlin Airlift
question
north atlantic treaty organization (_______________) -western Europe and north American alliance
answer
NATO
question
_________________formed warsaw pact of all eastern bloc countries -eastern Europe became USSR's satellite/puppet countries
answer
USSR
question
1949: china became __________________(PRC) -Mao became the totalitarian communist dictator -nationalist fled to taiwan
answer
communist
question
loss of china seen as a major ______________for US -republicans criticized democrat Truman for allowing china to fall to communists
answer
defeat
question
U.S. refused to recognize communist china and Taiwan sat on the UN _____________ ____________ -U.S.S.R boycotted the security council in protest (problem for USSR during Korean war) -US, Taiwan, britian, and france voted for war against north korea
answer
security council.
question
during WWII, _______________occupied northern Korea while US troops occupied souther korea
answer
Soviets
question
June 1950, ________ _________________invaded South Korea
answer
north Korea
question
____________________ ________________council (USSR absent) called for countires to restore peace -US, Taiwan, Britian, and France voted for war against North Korea -USSR boycotted and Communist China could not vote -Gen. Douglas Macarthur was UN commander
answer
UN security
question
august 1950, ___________ _______________captured almost all of S. Korea
answer
North Korea
question
Macarthur landed forces at ______________
answer
inchon
question
Un forces pushed the N. Koreans back to ______________
answer
China
question
November 1950, ______________soldiers drove UN forces back to the 38th parallel
answer
Chinese
question
Truman wanted a ______________war -no nuclear weapons -only restore border between N and S Korea
answer
limited
question
Macarthur demands total ____________ ________________surrender -wanted to drop atomic bombs on china -he complained to the press
answer
north korean
question
Truman _______________Macarthur -macarthur returns home a hero
answer
fired
question
July 27, 1953: _______________(Cease-fire) signed -38th parallel as boundary is restored -demilitarized zone (DMZ) along boundary
answer
armistice
question
results of the Korean War: 1. US successfully enforced its "______________" policy 2. Americans disappointed at unclear conclusion
answer
containment
question
Anti-communists crusade--"_________ _______________" -fears over communism
answer
red scare
question
paranoia reguarding communism due to: 1. fear of ____________war 2. spread of _________________around the world 3. communist ____________
answer
1. nuclear 2. communism 3. spies
question
democratic president ______________"loyalty" program -fbi went after suspected "reds" -loyalty oaths were increasingly demanded of employees, esp. teachers
answer
Trumans
question
________________-Hollywood 10 -1930s, many actors, writers, and directors had dabbled with the communist party -10 of these movie industry people, the "Hollywood 10" refused to testify -the industry responded by denyin work to 250 actors, writers, and directors=blacklisting -Reagan participated with blacklisting actors and gained a reputation for being anti-communist
answer
blacklisting
question
1945: House Un-American Committee (HUAC) created to find ________________
answer
communists
question
HUAC Republican Richard _____________indicted Alger Hiss as a spy -hiss denied being a communist spy but was convicted of perjury
answer
Nixon
question
1954: Julius and ethel _________________were executed for giving atomic bomb secrets to the soviets -both were communists
answer
rosenberg
question
1950:______________-list of communists -feb. 1950: senator Joseph R McCarthy, asserted that 200 known communists were in the state dept. -state departments job was to stop the spread oof communism through diplomacy with countries throughout the world -claimed democratic party was "soft on communism" -mcCarthys senate hearings created an atmosphere of fear
answer
McCarthyism
question
Some Americans built ___________ _______________in their back yards fearing nulear war
answer
bomb shelters
question
schools had "duck and _____________" drills to prepare for a nuclear attack
answer
cover
question
the _________________party and republicans like Richard nixon and Ronald gained a reputation for fighting communism -this will help Nixon talk and negotiate with China and Russia (Détente) when he is president
answer
republican
question
The _______________party gained a reputation for being weak/soft on communism -maybe the democratic party was sympathetic to the communists/socilists because they also wanted to help workers and the poor -this resulted in Kennedy feeling forced to take on communists (bay of pigs)
answer
democratic
question
this resulted in Johnson feeling he had to fight ________________in vietnam
answer
communists
question
1957: _______________launched sputnik -beginning of the "space race" -americans thought the USSR could use missiles to attack America
answer
soviets
question
public demanded "___________ ____________" be eliminated -schools emphasized math, science, and foreign languages
answer
missile gap
question
1958, ____________launched Explorer 1
answer
US
question
America wanted to prove ________________was superior to communism and to close the "Missile Gap"
answer
USA
question
Early 1960s, US was behind the USSR in ___________ ____________ -kennedy promoted $24 billion project to land an American on the moon -Critics charged money could be better spent elsewhere
answer
space technology
question
1969, Apollo 11 mission transported two ______________astronauts successfully to the moon -neil Armstrong and buzz aldrin
answer
American
question
___________ _____________laws segregated blacks and whites in the south
answer
jim crow
question
1940's,_______________attacked "separate but equal" by suing segregated colleges and universities
answer
NAACP
question
1954: ______________v. Board of Education of Topeka -overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson -Public school segregation violated "equal protection" in the constitution
answer
brown
question
response to Brown v. Board of Education 1. _____% of southern whites opposed Brown decision 2. some white students refused to attend integrated schools 3. ___________became more violent
answer
1. 80 3. kkk
question
1955-56: ____________ ___________ ______________ -Rosa parks arrested after refusing to give her public bus seat to a white man -black leaders called for a boycott of the public buses
answer
Montgomery bus boycott
question
rev. __________ ____________ _________jr. leader of dexter avenue Baptist church, became a leader of the bus boycott and civil rights
answer
Martin Luther King
question
1956, supreme court ruled segregation on Montgomery public buses was _________________
answer
unconstitutional
question
1957: "___________ ___________ ____________" black students -Eisenhower used the Arkansas national guard to protect the black students entering little rock central high school
answer
Little Rock 9
question
king used _______________protests and would not fight with authorities -kings nonviolent tactics similar to jesus and Gandhi -"love ones enemy"
answer
nonviolent
question
_______________: students protested by sitting at segregated restraunts, hotels, and movie theaters -some blacks were beaten and harassed by white teenagers -reported by the press
answer
Sit-ins
question
May 1, 1960: ____________spy plane shot down in soviet territory -pilot francis gary powers captured by soviets -united states said he was on a weather mission
answer
U-2
question
America looked like _____________
answer
liars
question
president Eisenhower did _____________trust the sovietss
answer
not
question
Sec. of state John foster dulles started a new policy of massive retaliation (Brinkmanship) in case of Nuclear war -brinkmanship policy= ________________back down from a crisis
answer
never
question
____________ ______________ ______________(MAD) -required large numbers of nuclear weapons on both side -both sides would be destroyed in a thermonuclear war
answer
mutual assured destruction
question
US and USSR began an _________ __________ -more bomber, nuclear subs, missiles in Europe -destroy the enemy before they can destroy you
answer
Arms race
question
Cuba: -1951, ____________ruled cuba with American support -prior to 1959, U.S. businesses were active in Cuba
answer
batista
question
New Years Day 1959: _____________ ____________took control of cuba -casto took American-owned businesses
answer
fidel castro
question
September 1959, ________decided to aid cuba
answer
USSR
question
castro encouraged revoltutions in other latin American countries -(_________Guevara)
answer
Che
question
1960, CIA planned to ______________castro
answer
assassinate
question
________________of_________: -early 1960, cia organized, trained, and armed 1,400 Cuban exiles to invade Cuba
answer
bay of pigs
question
april 1961, Bay of pigs invasion _______________ -invasion brought USSR and Cuba closer together for defense
answer
failed
question
October 1962: __________ ___________ __________: -USSR secretly sent nuclear weapons to cuba -U-2 photographed the missiles
answer
Cuban Missile Crisis
question
October 22, 1962: JRF ordered a "________________" (blockade) of cuba until the missiles were removed -americans shocked
answer
Quarintine
question
October 24, __________ships turned around
answer
soviet
question
October 26, USSR agreed to _____________missiles if U.S. removed its missiles from turkey and promised not to attack Cuba
answer
remove
question
1941-1961: Thousands of ___________ ___________fled to West Berlin -mostly intellectuals -communism was a failure
answer
east germans
question
August 1961: East Germans built the _________ _____________separating west Berlin from east berlin and east Germany -stop people from fleeing communism
answer
Berlin Wall
question
wall remain until _______________1989
answer
November
question
Chief justice earl warren appointed to the supreme court by _________________in 1953
answer
eisenhower
question
warrens court stressed _____________ _________placing them in a preferred constitutional position
answer
personal rights
question
1954, _____________V. Board of Educaton- most important of his courts decisions -blacks legally allowed to go to white schools -struck down jim crow segregation laws
answer
Brown
question
_________________V. Wainwright (1963): established that people accused of a crime have the right to a lawer, even if they cannot afford one
answer
Gideon
question
_________________V. Illinois (1964): ruled that one has the right to a lawyer from the time of arrest or when one becomes the subject of a criminal investigation
answer
Escobedo
question
________________V. Arizona (1966): Required that accused people be informed of their right to a lawyer and their right not to testify against themselves
answer
Miranda
question
__________ _______________: 1962, banned school prayer and religious exercises in public schools -ruled it violated the establishment clause of the 1st amendment
answer
school prayer
question
Brown V. Board of Education and _______ ___________started civil rights but blacks wanted more equality
answer
Rosa Parks
question
May 1961, __________________ ________________ organized sit ins
answer
freedom riders
question
Alabama governor ___________ _________said: "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever"
answer
George Wallace
question
Brimingham Alabama ____________commissioner Eugene "bull" connor used cattle prods, fire hoses, and police dogs on demonstrators
answer
police
question
1963, NAACP leader Medgar Evers was _________________
answer
assassinated
question
________________wanted a civil rights bill to end segregation
answer
JFK
question
August 28, 1963, ___________________on _______________(led by MLK) to support kennedys civil rights bill -martin luther king jr.'s "i have a dream" speech
answer
March on Washington
question
November 22, 1963, Kennedy went to ______________to gain support for the civil rights act
answer
texas
question
kennedy ______________ -lee Harvey Oswald was arrested -Oswald killed a few days later by jack ruby
answer
assasinated
question
vice president ___________became president
answer
Johnson
question
______________Commission report, ordered by Johnson, stated Oswald was the lone assassin
answer
warren
question
Johnson pledged to continue _______________policies -supported civil rights -continued the Vietnam war
answer
kennedys
question
Johnsons _______ ______________program (more progressive, new deal programs)
answer
Great society
question
Great society programs: 1. ____________on poverty 2. ______________ _____________: prepared poor children for elementary school 3. ____________________for the elderly 4. Dept. of Housing and Urban development (HUD): build housing for the poor 5. National endowment for the arts (NEA) : to promote _______________ 6. Public Broadcasting System: (_________) cultural and educational television programming 7. _________ ___________Act: government could force industry to stop pollution
answer
1. war 2. head start 3. medicare 5. culture 6. PBS 7. Water Quality
question
________________ ________________Bill of 1964: Kennedys bill passed -provisions: forbids segregation in hotels, resturaunts, theaters, and sports
answer
Civil Rights
question
____________ ___________act of 1965 -literacy tests outlawed -result, blacks registered to vote
answer
voting rights
question
_________________ created to enforce civil rights
answer
EEOC
question
1970's ______________ _____________: court ordered school districts o bus children to achieve integration of schools -very controversial
answer
forced busing
question
not all African americans agreed with ______________ ____________ __________ non violent methods -blacks still experienced poverty and discrimination
answer
Martin Luther Kings
question
______________ ________________ blacks should help only other blacks -nation of islam (black muslims) most well organized separatist group
answer
black separatism
question
__________________ X: -preached black separatism and black rights through "any means necessary" -"ballot or the bullet" -many in the white community were alarmed
answer
Malcom
question
feb 196, Malcom X was ______________by three members of nation of islam
answer
assassinated
question
_____________ _______________: blacks should control the cities and support black separatism
answer
black power
question
___________ _____________: communist social movement of African-American men in cities
answer
black panthers
question
1965-1968: "long hot summers" _____________ -Detroit riots= largest -watts riots in los angeles, 34 people dead
answer
riots
question
april 4, 1968:________________of Martin Luther King, shot in Memphis by James Earl ray
answer
assassination
question
____________________(Mexican Americans) -Caesar Chaves led the united farm workers organizing committee (UFWOC) and succeeded in gaining improved work conditions for mostly Chicano agricultural workers -since 1970s a number of Mexican americans elected to prominent political positions
answer
Chicanos
question
_____________ ________________ -1968, American indian movement (AIM) -sought greater tribal opportunities and independence -AIM occupied wounded knee, south dakota
answer
native americans
question
_____________ _____________ -feminine mystique (1963) -criticized plight of women with domestic duties (cult of domesticity) who also had to work full-time employment at jobs that paid women less then men
answer
betty friedan
question
1966, with other feminists founded the National organization for women (NOW) and protests grew for_____________ rights -called for equal employment opportunities and equal pay -argued for changes in divorce laws to make settlements more fair to women -sought legalization of abortion (most controversial issue)
answer
womens
question
1967, NOW began advocating and equal rights amendment (ERA) to the constitution extending the same guarentees contained in the __________amendment for racial and religious minorities -(alice paul had started this idea in 1923) -passed in congress in 1972 but failed in 1982 to get required 38 states necessary for ratification
answer
14th
question
1972, federal gov't required colleges receiving federal funds to establish "affirmative action" programs for _______________to ensure equal opportunity
answer
women
question
_____________v. _________________--legalized abortion in 1973 -before this states had the right to determine legality of abortion
answer
roe v. wade
question
title IX guaranteed _______________ __________________for girls to programs like sports that had mostly beneftted boys (e.g. high school and college sports)
answer
equal access
question
_____________________began breaking important barriers -sally ride: first female astronaut -Sandra day O' connor: first female supreme court justice (appointed by president Ronald Reagan) -Geraldine ferraro: first woman in 1984 to be on a presidential ticket (democratic vice presidential candidate)
answer
woman
question
____________ ______________ _____________fought French imperialists after WWII -1954 communists defeated French at dien bien phu
answer
Ho Chi Minh
question
____________ _______________ split Vietnam in half at the 17th parallel -Vietnam-wide elections should be held within two years
answer
Geneva conference
question
Ho Chi Minh ruled ______________ _________________Vietnam -supported by USSR
answer
communist north
question
Ngo Dinh __________ ruled capitalist south Vietnam -supported by USA
answer
diem
question
Ho Chi Minh was __________________by many in North and South Vietnam
answer
supported
question
South Vietnam's government was run by ______________ -catholic dictator who ruled over a nation of poor Buddhist peasants -he was an anti communist
answer
diem
question
1956, ______________diem canceled the unification elections -U.S. supported Diem -we were afraid of Ho Chi Minh winning the election
answer
unpopular
question
_______________ fought diem over the canceling of elections
answer
veitcong
question
Vietcong were ______________in the south that fought the south Vietnamese government -officially the NLF (National Lberation Front) -Supported by North Vietnam and the USSR
answer
communists
question
America felt we had to support south Vietnam because they were _____________ _______________
answer
fighting communism
question
___________ ______________: if one country fell to communism, other surrounding countries would also fall like dominos -Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Burma
answer
domino theory
question
kennedy increased US ______________ _____________to train the south vietnames army
answer
green berets
question
fall of _____________: -a Buddhist monk set himself on fire to protest diems's policies -photos changed world opinion overnight -nov. 1963, south Vietnamese generals overthrew diem
answer
diem
question
three weeks later (after the Buddhist protest), JFK was _________________ -Johnson felt he needed to continue JFK's policies -civil rights and supporting South Vietnam
answer
assassinated
question
Congress passed the ______________of ______________resolution -Johnson ordered "limited" retaliatory air bombing against north vietnames air bases
answer
gulf of Tonkin
question
march 2, 1965: operation _____________ _______________: air bombing aimed at bases, roads, and railways in north Vietnam
answer
rolling thunder
question
the "Ho Chi Minh _____________" was bombed to stop the soldiers and supplies coming from N. Vietnam through Cambodia and laos into south Vietnam
answer
trail
question
air strikes were preferred because it cost less US _________________
answer
lives
question
soldiers went on ______________and _______________missions to destroy Vietcong villages
answer
search and destroy
question
soldiers fought in dense, humid, hot hostile junugle terran -_________________knew the terrain had much better peasant support
answer
Vietcong
question
from 1965-1968, America sent an ______________number of soldiers to Vietnam -by 1968: 538,000 were in Vietnam
answer
increasing
question
Initially, us forces were _______about a short and successful war effort -we were winning because of our higher "body count"
answer
Optimistic
question
_____________offensive, 1968: beginning of the end to U.S. involvement of Vietnam -tet new year-Jan 30,1968: vietcong attacked 100 cities bases and embassy
answer
Tet
question
___________offensive not militarily successful for Vietcong but psychologically destroyed American hopes of winning -start of massive protest movement
answer
Tet
question
after tet, massive student protests began focusing on the ____________ _____________ -many occurred at university campuses -some became more militant, used violence and turned to communism -weatherman underground
answer
Vietnam war
question
________________the biggest cause for protest: -thousands of draft dodgers fled to Canada; others burned their draft cards -poor were twice as likely to be drafted than the middle class who used college deferments
answer
draft
question
_________________allowed Vietnam to be brought into americans living rooms with very little censoring of the press -public support for the war eventually plunged from 40% to 26%
answer
television
question
hawks and doves argued over ____________role -hawks: defended presidents policy because of containment and domino theory -doves: Vietnam a civil war in which US should not get involved
answer
US
question
_________________offensive changed public opinion dramatically -approval for the war Jan 1968-62% to march 1968-22%
answer
Tet
question
Johnsons popularity _______________from 48% to 36% -Johnson announced he would not seek another term
answer
dropped
question
Vietnam _______________ _______________broke at the democratic national convention (DNC) in Chicago
answer
protest riots
question
republican Richard _________________(law and order candidate) became president -supported by the silent majority that wanted peace with honor
answer
Nixon
question
____________ ______________: countries would have to fight their own wars without US ground troops -Nixon expanded air bombing
answer
Nixon doctrine
question
Nixon plan to win Vietnam "________________" -Nixon called for gradual withdrawl of US troops from Vietnam -south Vietnam would receive US money, weapons, and training so they could fight the vietcong
answer
vietnamization
question
1973, US soldiers _________________from 500,000 to 25,000
answer
reduced
question
___________ ____________massacre, 1968 (revealed to public in 1969) -lt. William calleys soldiers killed 350 civilians in a small village -public outraged and hundreds of thousands protected
answer
My Lai
question
march, 1969, _____________ordered secret bombing of Cambodia, laos, and north Vietnam -purpose: cut off Ho chi minh trail; ultimately failed
answer
Nixon
question
april 1970, _______________-announced on tv he was sending troops into Cambodia to clear the ho chi minch trail -invasion would be limited to 60 days
answer
Nixon
question
millions of americans ______________nixons polcies
answer
protested
question
may 3, 1970: students at ______________ _______________(ohio) protested and burned the ROTC building -national guard fired into crowd killed 4 students
answer
kent state
question
_______________ _____________(1973) -north Vietnam promised not to attack south Vietnam -north Vietnam could keep control over large areas of south Vietnam -us would withdraw its forces after POWs were released
answer
paris accords
question
Nixon "______________with ________________" -march 29, 1973, the last americnan combat troops left south Vietnam
answer
peace with honor
question
april __________________, south Vietnam fell to communists -president ford could not politically send in troops after the pull out and with the Watergate recently over
answer
1975
