Unit 10 : age of European Imperialism – Flashcards

The effort of capitalist powers to gain control of markets, raw materials, and ideas that would create ways for them to invest in other countries. Efforts of Capitalist states to have control of the markets, have cheap raw materials, profitable investments in countries outside of the Western civilizations. The primary motives for western expansion were economic. When the Europeans were first looking for colonial territories they looked to places that they new could possibly have reliable markets such as the spice trade. Towards the end of the nineteenth century there was a race between the Europeans for colonies. BY 1900 only Japan, Thailand, Afghanistan, Persia, and Ethiopia managed to stay independent. Primary objective of this was to exploit natural resources and open markets.

- A British political economist who believed that imperialism happened because of the successful industrial economies. He wrote Imperialism: A Study. In the 19th century economic wealth, national status, and political power were all connected to owning a colony and having a colonial empire.

He believed that France should continue to imperialize or they would become a lesser power.

He believed that bad things had to happen to people who were of inferior races that created better ways of life. British imperialists believed in Social Darwinism that only the strong and fit nations would survive. Europeans identified the native people as inferior giving them the right to subjugate them.

He believed that the British empire and its colonies were being protected by God and were going to be used to become a great worldly power/force.

He was an "empire builder" who believed that the British empire was going to become the most powerful state in world. At one point in time there was a saying that "the sun never set" in the British Empire. This made England a global dominance.

When economic interests were limited the European states allowed for the nations to continue functioning as independent states rather than establishing direct rule. A policy held in colonies that kept foreign policies while incorporating local politicians. Loyalty could be earned or purchased. This reduced that cost of training European administrators. For example, The Dutch East India Company allowed the native landed aristrocracy to serve as local administration. The British allowed Muslim rulers to maintain rule over the interior of their peninsula. However the first legislative councils were composed of European reisdents.LATER the British stated the goal of indirect rule was to preserve African political traditions. This may have been used because the Europeans saw the Africans as inferior and therefore incapable of adopting European customs and institutions. In Nigeria a dual legal system was instituted that applied African laws to Africans and European laws to foreigners. But thid proved to be unsuccessful.

When native societies resisted colonial rule (Those societies were those with long standing traditions such as Burma, and Vietnam). In these instances, the colonial powers felt they were forced to get rid of the local political elites and enact their own form of government.

The idea that only the fit nations which in this case where the white European nations would survive. Europeans identified the native people as being inferior giving them the right to subjugate them. A belief that some people are stronger and have stronger societies and that those strong people should rule of over the weak. The Europeans used this as justification for their actions. They brought some westerns aspects to native society such as democracy, capitalism, and Christianity. As education was a justification for imperialism the natives were slow to incorporate and accept Western education. Then when it was accepted the colonists realized the education the native elites could backfire.

The idea (which began in French colonies) that the conquered people should have to incorporate parts of the French culture into their lives. This was an attempt to transform colonial societies to the western image. The native people were forced to adopt to western dress, education, and religion(Christianity).

Another French idea that some of the native traditions should be kept while the people are trying to incorporate French cultural aspects into their daily lives. This term implies that there Europeans collaborated with the local elites and left the traditions alone. India had the most of this because it was too large to be controlled (the caste system effected this).

The British began an education system only for the Indian elites under the administrator Thomas Babington. More young girls were being educated in order the create better mothers and wives. Then, the sati was outlawed and the British worked to get rid of endemic brigandage.

An Indian tradition that was outlawed by the British where widows committed suicide and allowed them to instead be remarried. That was outlawed by the British.

- The formal name of the British regime in India.

A system where the British collected "agricultural taxes" and allowed for a landed gentry class to be created India. All of these tax collectors got a portion of the taxes. This idea was presented as a good thing but allowed the British to establish stricter rule.

The British had ignored much of the cast system and their refusal to recognize traditions hurt the members of higher caste. Part of the largest problem in the British colonial rule in India was the "violation" of tradition that really hurt the social status/order in society.

A British colonial administrator who founded a new island colony on Singapore. After the British were forced to abandon their landholdings in east Asia by the Dutch. Over the next couple decades, the British gained a monopoly on Southeast Asia especially Southern China.

The last ruling Vietnamese dynasty before the French took over the land area. Prior to this the French government forced the Vietnamese into accepting "French protection". By 1900 France controlled all of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Loas this area was called Indochinese Union.

After Indochina Thailand was the only independent state. The Thai kings who were able to keep out foreign/European control. Through a process of including some western aspects in their society and they made agreements with the British and French who agreed not to invade Thailand. The European states sued Thailand as a buffer zone in between their own land.

Their relationship began after the U.S. navy defeated the Spanish fleet in the Philippines in 1898. President Mckinley decided that to protect the Philippines from Japan was to make it into an American colony.

A Filipino leader who fought the U.S. and Spain for the independence of the Philippines.

The policies in South Asian colonies that were passed were not created to form a democracy. IN fact in the legislatures all the representatives were European.

Education in the colonies were used primarily by the Europeans as a reason to make colonialism right. However, education was only available to people of a certain caliber and not common people.

Many people in colonial societies continued to farm land. A process used by plantation owners to recruit new workers in Shanghai. These were plantations workers who were forced to work in terrible conditions and many ended up dying. The emphasis on growing cash crops created the plantation style of labor. The cash crops system was detrimental to the tenant farmers if they could not grow in enough a season.

Colonial rule helped to start a new economic infrastructure in Southeast Asia (modernizing elite). There was a new market of exports that not only that but a new industrial society was created.

The amount of disease, political instability, lack of transportation, and unhealthy climate were all deterrents to European presence in Africa. Disease, poltical instability, the lack of transportation, and the generally unhealthy climate all deterred the Europeans from more extensive efforts in Africa.

First, the humanitarians of the time were becoming more upset about the slave trade and brought more light to the issue. Then, slowly but surely throughout the 19th century slavery was beginning to be outlawed in the major western countries. Also, the cost of slaves was becoming more and more expensive.

Rather than their interest being focused on slaves and the salve trade in the 29th century the Europeans became more focused on natural resources s(Exports of peanuts, timber hides, and pal oil from West Africa. Leading the establishment of settlements along the Gold Coast and Sierra Lione by the British. France occupied land alone the Sengal River

After the European's began to education Africans on western culture and employing them it starts causing problems because the Africans were becoming enlightened.

People wanted to shorten the trade route to the east by digging a canal across the low. Napoleon even created a plan the proved to be unsuccessful.

- Over a span of thirty years he brought about many reforms that modernized Egypt. He modernized the army, created an education system, and the creation of an Egyptian industry.

Over a span of thirty years he brought about many reforms that modernized Egypt. He modernized the army, created an education system, and the creation of an Egyptian industry.

1. AN official for the Ottoman Empire that is responsible for the collection of taxes and ruling over provinces. The French recognized Muhammad Ali was a hereidatry ______.

A French entrepreneur who signed the contract to begin the canal connecting the Mediterranean and Red seas.

A Muslim leader who started a religious revolt allowing him to gain control of the upper Nile area in 1881.

This was where the British general Charles Gordon had military troops to begin a military revolt to restore Egyptian rule in the area.

An island that became a major shipping port where the sultan Oman was able to restore Arab rule over the area. This island became a place of interior plateays of people in search for slaves, ivory, and other products. This became the largest alces market in Africa.Also a major reason for the rise of Western interest and Christian missionary activity in the region. The slave market was closed here in 1873.

A Scottish missionary that explored the ins and outs of East Africa in an effort to bring Christianity to everyone in the country. He was opposed to slavery and worked with and gained the support of a lot of abolitionists. He wanted the introduce Christianity, commerce, and civilization the Africans.

These were Afrikaner speaking Dutch farmers who settled in the Cape colony region.

When the Boers left the cape colony region after the British gained control of the region and began migrating elsewhere.The Boers left because of the attitude the British had towards the native peoples. After slavery was abolished in England they were kinder to the Africans of the region. Many of the Africaners believed that white superiority was ordained by God and left British rule to control their destiny. Eventually the boers made their own independent republics.

One of the major reasons for the rising interest in having African land was the rivalries between the Europeans. Essentially they wanted land before anyone else could get it. At beginning of 1880's most of African was independent but by 1900 the continent was completely controlled by some form of European rule. Some of the countries included Belgium, France, Germany, Grete Britain, and Portugal.

The leader of the Bantu people who started wars with the Europeans but eventually he was overthrown.

This was used along with social Darwinism as a reason that imperialism and the conquests in Africa were to help the Africans. This led people to believe that it was in the interest of the Africans to be introduced to western civilization.

used missionary activities as an excuse to claim vast territories in Congo . He said the ______ was a small country, with small people, and need a colony to enhance its image.

This was convened by Otto Von Bismarck. The initial purpose of this conference was to prevent war and elevate tension between the European nations who were fighting to gain African land. This conference did help to prevent some of the combat but it did not help get rid of the competition for having more land. Delegates called for free commerce in Congo and Nile river regions. Future annexation of African territory should not be given international recognition until effective occupation has been demonstrated. There were no African delegates present.

A battle between the French and British that secured the British rule over the area and Egypt. The French had been crossing the Sahara in hope sof securing the nile river territory. But after this battle the British secured authority over this area.

A war between the British and Boers where the Boers put up a good fight the British who had an upper hand prevailed as the winners. In an attempt to make the situation for the Boers better the British allowed whites to vote and had their own colony. It all started when the Boers discovered Gold and Diamonds and British minders argued with them. Cecil Rhodes tried to subvert the Transvaal and bring it under British rule.

A sense of being a part of one's country's community or nation that has common principles.

The resistance by the natives led to the nationalism because they fought to keep their traditional ways and protect their land from invaders. Most of the resistance movements were lead by the ruling class of the area.

A Brahmin from Bengal who created the Society of Brahama that began as a group the defended the Hindu religion. His group eventually turned to support Indian independence

A set of native troops that the East India company brought to protect the British in South Asia that helped to create the British Indian army.

The rebellion started after the British began a new practice that left the Hindu open to invasion by foreigners. It started out with protests in small Sepoy units then became a full blown rebellion. However, there was not organization or common goals causing the rebellion to be unsuccessful.