question

According to Bartolomé de Las Casas

answer

Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World

question

All of the following were nations that lead in explorations to the New World except: England, Spain, France, Portugal, and Italy.

answer

Italy

question

Both the Aztec and Inca empires were:

answer

large, wealthy, and sophisticated

question

Europeans tended to think which one of the following about the Native Americans and their cultures?

answer

Native Americans failed to make use of the land, so it was acceptable for Europeans to take it and use it

question

Europeans-particularly the English, French, and Dutch-generally claimed North American Indian land as their own based on:

answer

their view that Indians did not uses the land properly

question

How did Spain justify enslaving Native Americans?

answer

The Spanish believed that enslavement could liberate Native Americans from their backwardness and savagery and introduce them to Christian civilization

question

In 1519, who became the first European explorer to encounter the Aztec empire?

answer

Hernán Cortés

question

In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded:

answer

Quebec

question

John Cabot sailed to:

answer

Newfoundland

question

Native American religious ceremonies:

answer

were related to the Native American belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things

question

Portuguese trading posts along the western coast of Africa were called factories because:

answer

the merchants were known as factors

question

Pueblo Indians lived in what is now:

answer

the southwestern United States

question

Slavery in Africa:

answer

involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives

question

The Black Legend described:

answer

Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer

question

The city situated along the Mississippi River with between 10,00 and 30,000 residents in the year 1200 is today known as:

answer

Cahokia

question

The first center of the Spanish empire in America:

answer

was the island of Hispaniola

question

The first European country to reach India by an all water route and gain riches was:

answer

Portugal

question

The government of the Spanish empire in America:

answer

included local officials who held a great deal of control

question

The New laws of 1542:

answer

commanded that Indians no longer be enslaved in Spanish possessions

question

The powerful Native American Confederation in the Northeast was the

answer

Iroquois

question

The Spanish justified their claim to land in the New World through all of the following except: a decree from the Pope, believing that their culture was superior to that of the Indians, violence, missionary zeal, defeating the English fleet in 1588

answer

defeating the English fleet in 1588

question

The terms God, Glory, Gold apply most readily to the explorations to the New World of which country:

answer

Spain

question

The transatlantic flow of people and goods such as corn, potatoes, horses, and sugarcane is called:

answer

the Columbian Exchange

question

What geographic error did Columbus make?

answer

he grossly underestimated the size of the Earth

question

When Columbus reached the New World, what name did he give to the people he encountered because he thought he reached the outskirts of Asia:

answer

Indians

question

What is true of Spain's explorations of the New World?

answer

Florida was the first region in the present-day US that Spain colonized

question

What statement about Spanish America is true?

answer

Over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture part Spanish, part Indian, and in some areas, part African

question

What statement about gender relations is false for most Native American societies?

answer

Tribal leaders were almost always women

question

What statement about the Indians of North America is false?

answer

Indians lacked genuine religion

question

What statement about the Pueblo Revolt is false?

answer

It was inspired by the Pope, but he died before the actual revolt took place

question

What did not contribute to the English social crisis of the late sixteenth century?

answer

a lower birth rate, which made it difficult to find workers for new industries

question

Anne Hutchinson:

answer

opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the dammed through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace

question

For most New Englanders, Indians represented:

answer

savagery

question

How did the Virginia Company reshape the colony's development?

answer

it instituted the headright system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonists who paid for his own or another's passage

question

In contrast to life in the Chesapeake region, life in New England:

answer

was more family-oriented

question

In the 1650s, who pushed England toward a policy of expanding territory and commercialism?

answer

Oliver Cromwell

question

In the economic exchanges between the English colonists and eastern Native Americans:

answer

Native Americans initially welcomed the colonists' goods

question

In the Pequot War of 1637:

answer

Connecticut and Massachusetts soldiers teamed with Narragansett allies to set the main Pequot village afire and kill 500 Pequots

question

Just as the reconquest of Spain from the Moors established patterns that would be repeated in Spanish New World colonization, the methods used in which one of the following countries anticipated policies England would undertake in America?

answer

Ireland

question

Most 17th century migrants to North America from England:

answer

were lower-class men

question

The 104 settlers who remained in Virginia after the ships that brought them from England returned home:

answer

were all men, reflecting the Virginia Company's interest in searching for gold as opposed to building a functioning society

question

The Magna Carta:

answer

granted many liberties, but mainly to lords and barons

question

The Puritan minister Thomas Hooker

answer

founded what became part of the colony Connecticut

question

The Virginia House of Burgessess:

answer

was created as part of the Virginia Company's effort to encourage the colony's survival

question

What did English settlers in North America believe was the basis of liberty?

answer

land

question

What was Virginia's "gold", which ensured its survival and prosperity?

answer

tobacco

question

When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island:

answer

he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay

question

Which of the following is true of the Puritans of the seventeenth century?

answer

Their official in Massachusetts punished Quakers financially and physically, even hanging several of them.

question

Which of the following is true of warfare between colonists and Native Americans during the seventeenth century?

answer

Among the colonists, it generated a strong sense of superiority.

question

Which of the following statements is true about the early history of Jamestown?

answer

The death rate was extraordinarily high.

question

Which one of the following statements is true of Queen Mary of England, who reigned from 1553 to 1558?

answer

She temporarily restored Catholicism as the state religion of England.

question

Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s?

answer

Because of religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church, while Spain was devoutly Catholic.

question

Why did King Henry VIII break from the Catholic Church?

answer

He wanted a divorce, and the Pope refused to grant it.

question

What was William Penn's most fundamental principle?

answer

religious freedom

question

"Anglicization" meant all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

colonists were determined to speak English as perfectly as those who lived in England.

question

During the colonial era, Philadelphia:

answer

became home to a varied population of artisans and craftsmen.

question

Pennsylvania's treatment of Native Americans was unique in what way?

answer

Pennsylvania purchased Indian land that was then resold to colonists and offered refuge to tribes driven out of other colonies.

question

William Penn was a member of which religious group?

answer

Quakers

question

The German migration to the English colonies:

answer

led to the formation of many farming communities.

question

What role did Native Americans play in British imperial wars during the eighteenth century?

answer

They did much of the fighting in the wars.

question

By the eighteenth century, consumer goods such as books and ceramic plates:

answer

were found in many colonial residents' homes.

question

The Glorious Revolution witnessed uprisings in colonial America, including ones in:

answer

New York and Maryland.

question

According to New England Puritans, witchcraft:

answer

resulted from pacts that women made with the devil to obtain supernatural powers or interfere with natural processes.

question

The first English Navigation Act, adopted during the rule of Oliver Cromwell:

answer

aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch.

question

According to the economic theory known as mercantilism:

answer

The correct answer is: the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.

question

As English colonial society became more structured in the eighteenth century, what were the effects on women?

answer

Women's work became more clearly defined as tied closely to the home.

question

All of the following were factors enticing migration to the British colonies EXCEPT:

answer

cheap and safe transatlantic transportation.

question

Slavery developed more slowly in North America than in the English West Indies because:

answer

the high death rate among tobacco workers made it economically unappealing to pay more for a slave likely to die within a short time.

question

As accusations and executions multiplied in Salem, what was the long-term impact of the witchcraft trials there?

answer

The number of witchcraft prosecutions in Massachusetts declined markedly.

question

Which of the following fits the description of a person most likely to have been accused of witchcraft in seventeenth-century New England?

answer

The correct answer is: a woman beyond childbearing age who was outspoken, economically independent, or estranged from her husband

question

What was the impact of King Philip's War (1675-1676)?

answer

In the long run the war produced a broadening of freedom for whites in New England.

question

"Enumerated" goods:

answer

were colonial products, such as tobacco and sugar, that first had to be imported to England.

question

What was the Covenant Chain?

answer

an alliance made by the governor of New York and the Iroquois Confederacy

question

Who finally ended the Salem witch trials?

answer

the Massachusetts governor

question

Bacon's Rebellion was a response to:

answer

worsening economic conditions in Virginia.

question

Which of the following was true of the colonial elite?

answer

They controlled colonial government.

question

Once Massachusetts became a royal colony in 1691:

answer

it was required to abide by the English Act of Toleration, which displeased many Puritan leaders.

question

Which man was once a slave, only to be freed and own slaves himself?

answer

Anthony Johnson

question

North American crops and products:

answer

were part of a commercial trade network that knitted together a far-flung empire.

question

The biggest reason Jews left Europe was:

answer

to escape rigid religious restrictions in German-speaking areas of Europe.

question

The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina:

answer

proposed a feudal society in the New World, complete with hereditary nobility.

question

Why did the accusations of witchcraft in Salem suddenly snowball in 1692?

answer

The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others.

question

Captain Jacob Leisler, the head of the rebel militia that took control of New York in 1689:

answer

was overthrown and killed in so grisly a manner that the rivalry between his friends and foes polarized New York politics for years.

Unit 1 Test: US History – Flashcards

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