Unit 1 Test Flashcards AP World History

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Themes of AP World History
answer
1. Interaction Between Humans and the environment 2. Development and Interaction of Cultures 3. State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict 4. Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems 5. Development and Transformation of Social Structures
question
The Nile River
answer
Supported the Egyptians; regular flood pattern
question
The Tigris and Euphrates
answer
Supported the Mesopotamians; irregular flood pattern
question
Yangtze and Yellow River
answer
Supported the early Chinese civilizations; irregular flooding; yellow river had yellow-brown dust (loess); fertile soil
question
Indus and Ganges River
answer
Lush, green, and fertile; river came from snow water from the mountains
question
Prehistory vs. History
answer
Prehistory is before written records and history started when everything was written down
question
Features of a Civilization
answer
reliable food surplus, specialized jobs, clear social classes, complex and formal government, long-distance trade, and an organized writing system
question
Stages of hominid development
answer
Australopithecus- two legs, opposable thumb, tools, some verbal communication Homo Erectus- advanced tools for protection, started and tended to fires, cooked food, devise plans and coordinate activities Homo Sapiens- conscious and reflective thoughts, language, adapted to different environments by changing them to adapt to their needs
question
\"Out of Africa\" Thesis
answer
Homo Sapiens rose in Africa and migrated to other parts of the world replacing the Homo Erectus
question
\"Multiregional\" Thesis
answer
Humans originated in Africa and all other parts of the world then spread further in their region
question
Paleolithic Era
answer
called the old stone age (from 10,000 to 2.5 million years ago); they were concerned with food supply; they used stone as well as bone tools; they were nomadic hunters and gatherers.
question
Neolithic Era
answer
started about 10,000 BC. when people started to turn towards agriculture. Gave rise to Neolithic Revolution. Also called New stone age
question
Hunting and Gathering
answer
the nomadic lifestyle of living where one gathers plants, berries and nuts to live on and hunts animals to survive
question
Neolithic Revolution
answer
This social revolution was also known as the New Stone Age where people changed from hunting and gathering food to domesticating animals and cultivating land as farmers.
question
Domestication
answer
the taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food
question
Pastoralism
answer
the branch of agriculture which deals with raising animals
question
Agriculture
answer
the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock/farming
question
Specialization of Labor
answer
Division of labor; individuals specialized in different types of jobs (pottery, textiles, ect.)
question
Metallurgy
answer
The science and technology of working with metals
question
The Bronze Age (c.3500-1200 b.c.e.)
answer
the time period where people transferred from copper to bronze
question
The Fertile Crescent
answer
the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers where Mesopotamia was located
question
Cuneiform
answer
an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia; Epic of Gilgamesh
question
Hammurabi's Code
answer
1st written law; eye for an eye but based on social classes; 282 laws written by the Babylonian king- Hammurabi
question
Hittites
answer
Indo-Europeans that conquered the Chaldeans (neo-Babylonian); first to master the use of iron
question
Assyrians
answer
the violent and intolerable people of Mesopotamia
question
Persian Empire
answer
conquered the Assyrians; last peoples of Mesopotamia
question
Hebrews and monotheism
answer
practiced ethical Judaism a monotheistic religion (1850 b.c.e.)
question
The Phoenicians
answer
Costal people on the Mediterranean Sea; came up with the ABC's
question
Lydians
answer
first use of coins instead of trading and bartering
question
Chaldeans
answer
The new Babylonians, their king was king Nebuchadnezzar.
question
Akkadians
answer
this civilization included Semitic people living north of Sumeria; united city-states of Mesopotamia; first empire in history; established by Sargon the Great
question
Sargon of Akkad
answer
Akkadian king who conquered Sumeria to form the 1st empire
question
Indo-Europeans
answer
A group pf semi-nomadic peoples who, around 2000 B.C.E., began to migrate from central Asia to India, Europe, and the Middle East
question
the Egyptian Book of the Dead
answer
written in Hieroglyphics; buried with the mummies and it held poems, songs, hymns, and instructions on getting to the afterlife
question
Pyramids
answer
built to hold the mummies of the egyptian pharaohs and other important people
question
King Menes
answer
united upper and lower Egypt, first pharaoh
question
Hieroglyphics
answer
ancient Egyptian 'picture' writing
question
Old Kingdom
answer
most powerful; built pyramids and pharaohs had total control (they were gods); brought into power by Menes
question
Middle Kingdom
answer
loses some of their power when they are invaded by the Hyksos
question
New Kingdom
answer
regains power and began to expand; trade becomes more of a factor
question
Hyksos
answer
invaded and ruled Egypt during the Middle Kingdom and ruled as pharaohs; from southwest Asia
question
Amenhotep IV
answer
temporarily changed the religion of Egypt from polytheistic to a monotheistic with just a Sun God
question
Aryans
answer
conquered the Indus River Valley people through the mountains; brought with them Vedas cult
question
Harappa
answer
2nd largest city in the Indus River Valley; major trading center that used land transportation (oxen and carts)
question
Mohenjo-Daro
answer
complex irrigation and sewer system; biggest city with central planning
question
Vedas
answer
Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism.
question
Hinduism
answer
central religion of India; they believe in many gods and reincarnation
question
Caste System
answer
Social System of Hinduism with very little movement between classes
question
Caste System Classes
answer
1. Brahmins- priests 2. Kshatrays- warriors/aristocrats 3. Vaishyas- workers (cultivators, artisans, and merchants) 4. Shudras- landless peasants and surfs 5. Untouchables- lowest of low (they do all the dirty work)
question
Jati
answer
sub-castes; many layers of the caste system
question
Indra
answer
Primary God of the Aryans; depicted as a colossal, hard-drinking warrior.
question
Brahman
answer
(indescribable) sacred reality that is the basis of all existence; where everything comes from and where everything goes back to
question
Upanishads
answer
A group of writings sacred in Hinduism concerning the relations of humans, God, and the universe.
question
Karma
answer
an accumulated result (good or bad) of one's actions in various lives; the measurement of Samsara
question
Samsara
answer
constant cycle of birth and rebirth the quality of which is determined by Karma
question
Moksha
answer
to leave Samsara through a release and ultimate enlightenment
question
Vedantic Age
answer
marked by the appearance of the Upanishads
question
Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva
answer
the creator, preserver, and destroyer that work as a cycle
question
Xia Dynasty
answer
This was the earliest known dynasty. There is no written evidence of this early time period, but artifacts have been found. The people of this time were farmers and made pottery; bronze age of China
question
Shang Dynasty
answer
centralized government; farming society concerned with war; Mandate of Heaven
question
Zhou Dynasty
answer
Decentralized government; Mandate of Heaven
question
Mandate of Heaven
answer
a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source
question
Oracle Bones
answer
animal bones carved with written characters which were used for telling the future
question
Chavin Cult
answer
mysterious but very popular South American religion during 1000-300 BCE.
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New