U.S. History Unit 7 matching – Flashcards
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why did some immigrants return to mexico during the great depression?
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because they had lost their jobs in the U.S.
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how did the bonus army events help turn the nation against president hoover?
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the bonus army wanted a bonus and congress agreed to give it to them by 1945. They were struggling to survive so they asked for it earlier. Hoover disagreed and forced them out with tear gas and tanks. Many americans then blamed Hoover for the outcome and their hardships. They felt he failed to solve the problem of the great depression.
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why did americans support franklin roosevelt in 1932?
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because he was confident and made americans feel that the depression could be beaten. He promised Americans a new deal.
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how does roosevelt think the U.S. can put its "national house in order"?
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by putting people in work. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the government itself.
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"Hoovervilles"
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the nicknames of shantytowns that acted as temporary communities during the great depression
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Bonus Army
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WWI veterans who marched on Washington D.C. demanding payments for their service
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Douglas MacArthur
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the general who was ordered to put down the Bonus Army
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President Hoover
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disagreed with the bonus army and probably lost the election because of his actions toward them
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt
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the democrat who won the election of 1932
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Social Security Act
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to provide a pension to people over 65
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Wagner Act
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to guarantee employees the right to self organization
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
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protected people's savings in banks
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Securities and Exchange Commission
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Regulated stocks and gave stock information
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Tennessee Valley Authority
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built dams on the Tennessee river to control flooding and to help produce hydroelectricity, or electricity produced by the power of quickly moving water
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Home Owners Loan Corporation
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gave loans at low cost to homeowners so they could continue making their house payments
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Public Works Administration
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Created jobs in public works to stimulate the economy.
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Francis Townsend came up with the idea of a ___________ plan for citizens over the age of 60.
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pension
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those who wanted fewer government controls were known as ________________.
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conservatives
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___________ were in favor of New Deal reforms which would bring about more social and economic change.
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liberals
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what was the overall effect on the country of roosevelt's first new deal program?
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to give hope and pull the nation out of the great depression.
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what were the three R's?
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relief, recovery, and reform. relief- provide relief to suffering people recovery- bring economic recovery reform- produce reforms so that a depression would not happen again
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why did some people oppose roosevelt's programs?
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because some felt that roosevelt had not gone far enough.
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what was the Second New Deal?
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Social Security- providing money for retired people
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how did the New Deal help many American groups?
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everyone over 65 received a pension- income from the government
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what role did women play during roosevelt's presidency?
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he appointed some women to positions in government agencies.
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what experiences in Bethune's life made her a good choice to advise Roosevelt on education and youth issues?
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she was the president of the National association of colored women and the president of Bethune's cook college.
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which programs and agencies helped get people back to work?
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civilian conservation corps, public works administration
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what agencies had to do with mother nature?
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civilian conservation corps, Tennessee valley authority
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Francis Townshend
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credited for the original idea of the social security act, where citizens over 65 would be paid a pension
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Robert Wagner
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senator from NY who helped to set the National Labor Relations Act
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Frances Perkins
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female secretary of labor who helped set the national labor relations act
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Mary McLeod Bethune
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became the first african american woman to serve as the head of a federal agency
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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first lady to take a role as an active reformer
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which countries formed the axis alliance?
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japan, italy, and germany
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when did the Manhattan Project begin?
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1942
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Spain, Germany, and Italy all had ____________ ruling their countries before WWII.
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dictators
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a political system with a strong leader who is the chief source of law and encourages nationalism is called _________.
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facism
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joseph stalin turned the soviet union into a _______________.
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totalitarian state
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some european nations chose a policy of _________________ toward Hitler's Germany.
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appeasement
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what affects did the Treaty of Versailles have on Germany?
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it blamed Germany for the war and declared Germany the loser of the war, and also forced them to pay reparations.
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what factors led to the rise of dictators during the 1920s and the 1930s?
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many people lost their faith in the democratic government.
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what dictators rose to power because of these factors?
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adolf hitler, beinte mussolini, Joseph stalin, vladimir lenin.
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why did Germany and Japan invade other countries?
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for the resources that they had such as iron, oil, and coal and also to expand their power.
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what agreement did germany and the soviet union make?
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the agreement that hitler could take sudetenland if he promised to seize no other land.
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Benito Mussolini
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named dictator of Italy; brought Facism with him
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Adolf Hitler
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took control of Germany and brought the Nazi party to power
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Joseph Stalin
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took control of the Soviet Union after Lenin's death and introduced the Totalitarian State
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Sudetenland
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northern area of Czechoslovakia that as given to Germany in exchange for no further invasions
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in WWII, Germany used a new military strategy called _________, which means "lighting war".
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blitzkrieg
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the U.S. government put Japanese Americans in ________________ mostly out of fear.
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internment camps
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how and where did Germany extend its conquests in Europe in 1940?
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Nazi forces stormed Western Europe by air and land, and bomber planes, and powerful tanks
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how did president roosevelt help allied nations?
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he lent and leased weapons to allied nations to help them ----> the Lend Lease Act
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what did congress do after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor?
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congress declared war on Japan
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why were many Japanese Americans sent to internment camps during the war?
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because many people feared they might become spies for Japan
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what was the allies' "Europe First" policy?
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the U.S. and the U.K. would use the preponderance of their resources to subdue Nazi Germany
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Why was D-day Important?
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Troops got allied planes and bombed German defense posts. Within a week, allies had taken the entire coast and by the end of September, all of France was in allied hands.
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From what country did the allies launch their invasion of Normany?
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France.
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From which battle site did the allies advance to finland?
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Battle at Leningrad
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during the war, many raw materials in the U.S. were ________ so they could be used in the war effort.
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rations
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Japanese _____________ used their planes to crash into U.S. ships.
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kamikaze
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what affect did the war have on the U.S. economy?
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factories were changed to factories that produced weapons and machines needed for war. Rations on raw materials like sugar, butter, meat, rubber tires, and gasoline started to boom.
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what happened at the Battle of Midway?
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the Japanese navy suffered heavy losses. allies gained control of Japanese-held islands.
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what strategy did the United States use to defeat Japan?
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Island hopping -----> allied forces would capture some islands and bypass others
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what major event led to the surrender of the Japanese forces?
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island hopping and taking over certain islands cut off supplies, making them useless in the japanese war.
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why did truman decide to use the atomic bomb?
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to spare up to 1 million american lives.
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Winston Churchill
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prime minister of great britain who urged the U.S. to enter WWII
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Pearl Harbor
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attacked by the Japanese; thrust the U.S. into WWII
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"Big Three"
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Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin
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General Eisenhower
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U.S. General in charge of conquering Germany once and for all
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Normandy
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site of D-Day
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George S. Patton
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united states commanding officer in charge of repelling the German forces out of France
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Midway
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site of a key battle in the pacific
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Harry S. Truman
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vice-president who became president when FDR died in 1945
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Nuremberg, Germany
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site of the WWII war crime trials, where 24 Nazi leaders were convicted
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Hiroshima, Japan
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site of the first atomic bomb drop in WWII
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The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation protected peoples' money in banks.
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True
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The "Big Three" consisted of Winston Churchill, Adolf Hitler, and Joseph Stalin
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False, Franklin Roosevelt
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Japan and Germany invaded other countries to expand their territory, strengthen their military, and find new resources.
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True
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The Tennessee Valley Authority built dams and helped to produce hydroelectricity.
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True
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Eleanor Roosevelt took an active role in government activities.
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True
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The D-Day invasion took place in Berlin, Germany.
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False
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President Roosevelt made the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan.
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False
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The Sudetenland was given to Germany by the Allies as a form of appeasement.
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True
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