U.S. History Unit 7 Ch. 21,22,23 – Flashcards
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Jazz Age
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1920's, after a popular, influential form of music
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Laissez-faire
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Business policy supported by Calvin Coolidge
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Assembly line
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Made it possible for Henry Ford to produce cars quickly and cheaply
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Teapot Dome
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The scandal that tarnished the reputation of the Harding administration
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Demographics
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Statistics that describe a population
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Harlem Renaissance
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African American literary movement of the 1920's
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Quota
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Numerical limit
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Isolationism
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The policy of avoiding alliances with foreign countries
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Fundamentalism
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Set of religious beliefs based on a literal interpretation of the Bible
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Zora Neale Hurston
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Harlem writer, novel Their Eyes Were Watching God
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Duke Ellington
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Most celebrated jazz musician of the 1920's, pianist, composer, and bandleader
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Charles Lindbergh
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National hero after flying nonstop from New York to Paris
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Warren G. Harding
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Republican President, elected in 1920, promised a "return to normalcy"
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John Maynard Keynes
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Economist who believed that massive government spending programs could revive a failing economy
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt
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President who promised the nation a "new deal"
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Babe Ruth
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Baseball legend who joked that he "had a better year" than the President
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John J. Raskob
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Author of "Everybody Ought To Be Rich" and corporate leader who financed the Empire State Building
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Amelia Earhart
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Feats included a solo flight across the Atlantic
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Marcus Garvey
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Jamaican-born leader of movement promoting African American pride
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Louis Armstrong
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Popular jazz trumpeter and singer
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Calvin Coolidge
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"silent Republican President who opposed government interference in American business
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Nicola Sacco
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Immigrant whose murder conviction provoked controversy
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Buying on margin
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Purchasing stock for a fraction of its price and borrowing the rest from a stock brokers
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Speculation
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practice of making high risk investments in hopes of high gain
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Welfare capitalism
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employers' practice of meeting some of workers' needs without demands from unions
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Hawley-Smoot tariff
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1930 import tax
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21st Amendment
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ratified in 1933, to repeal the ban on alcoholic beverages
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Dow Jones Industrial Average
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information about stock prices
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Gross National Product
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total value of good and services produced by a country in a year
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Dorothea Lange
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photographer who showed the nation the realities of the Depression
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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was experienced political worker and social reformer, husband was a President
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Herbert Hoover
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President who argued that the key to recovery was confidence
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Father Divine
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was Harlem evangelist that ran soup kitchens that fed 1000s daily
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New Deal
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FDR's program to spur economic recovery and provide relief for Americans
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Coalition
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an alliance of groups with similiar goals
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American Liberty League
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group of spearheaded much of the opposition to the New Deal
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National Debt
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total amount of borrowed money the federal government has yet to pay back
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Tennessee Valley Authority
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project that helped farmers and created jobs by starting a hydroelectric power facility
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Wagner Act
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provided federal protection for the activities of labor unions
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Hundred Days
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period of time that FDR pushed many programs through Congress
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Key features of republican administrations of the 1920s included
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isolationism and laissez-faire business policy
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Red Scare was a response to
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Russian Revolution
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The economy grew in the 1920's as consumers
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began to buy good on credit
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Flappers represented
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women's desire to break with the past
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Major demographic shift of the 1920's was the movement of
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large numbers of Americans to the suburbs
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Rapid development of the mass media during the 1920's
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promoted the creation of national culture
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Marcus Gravey led a movement to
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build up African American self-respect and economic power
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Americans feared Vladimir I. Lenin and his followers, the Bolsheviks because
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they promoted a system that was hostile to American values
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What caused the labor unrest in the United States after WWI?
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cost of living rose greatly
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How did installment plans affect the American economy in the 1920's?
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fueled the growth of the consumer economy
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How did life change for American women in the 1920s?
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they felt freer to experiment with bolder styles and manners
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What was a result of the boom in the automobile industry?
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new roads were built
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Why did some states ban the teaching of evolution in schools?
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theory seemed to contradict the Bible's account of creation
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What was a long term effect of Prohibition?
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growth of organized crime
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Why did Americans become fascinated with heros in the 1920s?
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longed for symbols of old fashioned virtues
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European economies were hurt during the Depression when
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United States companies stopped investing in Germany
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Failure of many rural bank
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Sign that the economy night be weakening in the 1920's
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Throughout most of the 1920's, American were generally
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Confident that business would bring continued prosperity
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Twenty first Amendment brought an end
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Prohibition
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Faced hard times during much of the 1920's
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farmers
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Describes the American economy in the 1920's
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Stock prices rose and the economy appeared healthy
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Major environmental crisis of the 1930's was known as
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the Dust Bowl
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The 1932 presidential election served as a turning point in the way Americans viewed
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the responsibilities of the federal government
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Investors reacted to a sudden fall in stock prices in 1920's
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Raced to sell their stock
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During the Depression, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian American
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Often lost jobs to white laborers
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FDR's attemt to "pack" the Supreme Court
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Aroused the greatest opposition
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Huey Long and Father Charles E. Coughlin referred to as demagogues because
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They manipulated people with half-truths and scare tactics
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FDR cut back on expensive relief programs in 1937 because
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He was worried about the rising national debt
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Effect of the wage cuts and unemployment of the 1930's
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Hooverville's sprang up in the nation's cities
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FDR declared a "bank holiday" early in his administration because
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To inspect the financial health of the banks
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President Hoover believed that the best strategy for ending the Depression was
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Encouraging voluntary controls in the business sector
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Second New Deal
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Legislation including more social welfare benefits
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New Deal Legacy
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Restored sense of hope among the people
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Recession of 1937 was caused by
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Increased federal borrowing
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Black cabinet
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An unofficial group of African American office-holders
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In the first few months in office, President Roosevelt
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Pushed Congress to pass legislation to improve the economy
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The National Recovery Act
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Bolstered industrial prices
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FDR aroused the most opposition when he
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Attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court
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First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt defied tradition by
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Actively and aggressively promoting the New Deal
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Many Republicans criticized the New Deal for
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Going too far in its attempt to reform the economy
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In the late 1930's movies
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Often provided a temporary escape for struggling Americans
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Wagner Act led to
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A rise in union membership and a wave of strikes
