U.S. History Semester 1 Final Exam Review – Flashcards
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federalism
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power is divided between national and state governments
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federalists
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supported the new Constitution's balance of power between state and national governments
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anti-federalists
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opposed having a strong central government; did not support Constitution; wanted natural rights
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Checks and Balances
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system to prevent any one branch from overpowering the others
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Separation of Powers
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three brances of government (executive, legislative, judicial)
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Declaration of Independence
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declared U.S. independence from Great Britain July 4, 1776
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Bill of Rights
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the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution
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Representative Government
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people elect representatives to represent them in government
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Salutary Neglect
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British government neglected the American colonies
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Unalienable Rights
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rights everyone is born with and cannot be taken away (life, libery, and pursuit of happiness)
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"Founding Fathers"
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George Washington, Thomas Jefferson
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Paine's Common Sense
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50-page pamphlet attacking King George and encouraging the colonies to fight for independence
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Federalist Papers
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series of 85 essays defending the Constitution
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Battle of Saratoga
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turning point in the American Revolution, caused the French to join the war on the colonies' side, Colonies victorious
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Battle of Lexington and Concord
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start of the American Revolution
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Homestead Act 1862
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encouraged settlement in new areas of the U.S.
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Nullification Crisis
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South Carolina threatened to secede
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Confederate States
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opposed the Union
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Goals of Reconstruction
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rebuild the South quickly so it can be useful to the U.S.
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Zimmerman Telegram & German U-boats sank Lusitania
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reasons U.S. entered WWI
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Appomattox Courthouse
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General Lee & Ulysses Grant sign to end Civil War
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Trial by Jury
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Amendment #6
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cities
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overpopulated, unsanitary
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Great Migration
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Southern blacks moved north for jobs
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colonies
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want a representative government
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fire-side chats
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President Roosevelt's radio talks about issues of public concern (especially New Deal) explained in clear, simple language
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Long term effect of Spanish-American War
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gained more territory and power
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Goals of Progressive reforms
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protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reform, fostering efficeincy
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Muckrakers
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journalists who exposed the ills of society (investigative reporters)
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Yellow journalism
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style of writing used to enrage readers (and call to action) by exaggerating details
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Industrialization
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factories, growing urbanization
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13th Amendment
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slavery is illegal
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14th Amendment
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individual's rights
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15th Amendment
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right to vote regardless of color
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19th Amendment
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gave women the right to vote
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Jim Crow laws
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will totally segregate the South by separating whites and blacks
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Poll Tax
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the tax people were required to pay in order to vote
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Grandfather Clause
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if your father or grandfather voted in an electio nprior to 1867, then the poll tax and literacy test do not apply to you
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Women's suffrage
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women's efforts to get the right to vote, especially Susan B. Anthony
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Gilded Age/monopolies
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Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner's satirical novel; 1870s-1890s problems
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Panama Canal
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artificail waterway cut through the Isthmus; shortcut from Atlantic to Pacific
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Long term effect of trans-continental RR
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used to settle the west, linked the east and west, communication, ewstern industry growth, decrease cost to produce goods, increase efficiency
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Effects of immigration
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increase population in cities
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Americanization
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"educatio nprogram designed to help immigrants assimilate to American culture
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Reasons for Imperialism
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desire for military strength, new markets, belief in cultural superiority
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Henry Ford's assembly line
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sped up production
