U.S. History I Chapter 10 Test Review – Flashcards
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What type of system allows people to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want?
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free enterprise system
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Where and when did the industrial revolution begin?
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Great Britain
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Where did the Industrial Revolution begin in the United States?
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New England
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Why would cities develop along waterways?
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factories could use the water for power and for shipping
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What do investors do in hopes of making a profit?
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invest capital
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When Francis Cabbott Lowell opened up a textile plant in Massachusetts in 1814, what was this a first example of in the United States?
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factory system
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What are interchangeable parts?
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are identical machine pieces that can be quickly assembled to make a complete product.
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In the 1800s, what was the leading economic activity in the United States?
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farming
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What is the name of the machine that increased the efficiency of making cotton cloth?
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cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney
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In 1790 the U.S. population was 4 million. What was the population in 1820?
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10 million
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What was a major disadvantage of American river travel in the early 1800s?
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most major rivers in the eastern United States flow in a north-south direction
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Who built the "Clermont" in 1807, a powerful steamboat?
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Robert Fulton
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The Clermont was designed to travel from where to where?
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New York to Albany
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What is a canal?
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an artificial waterway
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Why were canals built?
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Because steamboat travel was limited to existing river systems in the 1820s, canals were built, which tied the eastern and western parts of American together with waterways.
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What is a canal made up of?
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locks, separate compartments which water levels are raised or lowered
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Why did many pioneer families settle near rivers?
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Rivers allowed them to ship their crops and other goods for sale.
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Since many people tended to settle with others from their original communities, where did many of the settlers in Indiana come from?
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Kentucky and Tennessee
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What is sectionalism?
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loyalty to a region
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What region did Henry Clay represent as a Congressman?
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He represented the interests of the Western states and became known in the early 1800s as the national leader who tried to end sectional conflicts through compromise.
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Who was known as "The Great Compromiser"?
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Henry Clay
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What agreement set limits on the number of naval vessels that Great Britain and the United States could have on the Great Lakes?
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Rush-Bagot Treaty
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At what convention was the official boundary between the United States and Canada determined?
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Convention of 1818
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Who was the Mexican priest that was executed by Spain for leading a rebellion against Mexico and wanting racial equality and redistribution of land?
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Miguel Hidalgo
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What is the name of the doctrine that was issued by the President of the United States on December 2, 1823? He declared the U.S. would not interfere with existing European colonies in North and South America, but it would oppose any new one?
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Monroe Doctrine
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How did the Industrial Revolution begin and what was its effect on American society & economy?
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In the mid-1700s, inventors in Great Britain created machinery to perform some of the work involved in cloth making. These innovations led to changes, not only in industry, but also in the way people lived. Instead o fusing hand tools to produce goods at home, goods were manufactured in factories. Although many people continued a farming way of life, many went to work in factories, contributing to the growth of cities. The Industrial Revolution spread through the United States forever changing the pace of life and the ways in which many people worked.
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How did the transportation improvements of the 1800s affect the demographics, the economy, and the establishment of new states?
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To support the movement of people and goods, a National Road was built to connect the East with the Ohio River Valley, Private companies built turnpikes, which required a fee for travel. Canals were built to transport goods, helping not only to lower shipping costs but also helping to unite the country. People also started traveling on rivers by steamboats. A Unique Western culture was developing.
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What were the intense sectional differences of the 1800s as seen through the positions of Webster, Calhoun, and Clay?
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Slavery, The Missouri Compromise, regarding admitting new states, was struck to ease these differences. Webster - supported the Tariff of 1816, he thought it would strengthen the U.S. as a whole, not just the North. He defended the nation against sectional interests. Calhoun - War Hawk who called for a war with Britain in 1812. He was a nationalist, favored support for internal improvements and developing industries and backed a national bank. Clay - The American System - protective tariff to stimulate the growth of the nation's industries; a program of internal improvements, especially the building of roads and canals to stimulate trade, and a national bank to promise currency throughout the nation and to lend money to build developing industries.
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Why was Monroe's presidency known as the Era of Good Feelings?
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There was a spirit of unity that existed throughout the country. Monroe called for tariffs to protect new industries, for a national bank, and for some national development programs.
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What was the Monroe Doctrine and how did it affect foreign policy?
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A statement declaring that the United States would oppose any new European colonies in North and South America.
