U.S. History Chapter 2 Test – Flashcards
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indentured servants
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poor immigrants paid for their trip to America by agreeing to work for 4-7 years
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Cause for fewer indentured servants in America
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economy in England improved
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Cause of Slavery
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-landowners need more people to grow crops -fewer indentured slaves=slave owners turn to buying slaves for workers
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Slavery in the beginning
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-indentured servants -could vote and own land and slaves after they were freed
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Slavery becomes Permanent
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-colonial governments pass laws supporting permanent enslavement -once legalized, slavery dramatically increased
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Slavery in America
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-slaves sold at actions; separated families -few earned freedom -some ran away -many worked until they died
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Slave prices Increased=
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more work demanded from slaves-they were abused
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Ways for slaves to avoid work
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-faked being ill -broke tools
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mercantilism
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building wealth and power for a nation or country by manufacturing(making) goods, exporting and selling goods for gold and silver
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Ways to become really wealthy
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-sell more than you purchase *accumulate more gold and silver -export more than you import -import less from your competitors to drive them out of business
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English had few raw materials
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colonized America to get raw materials
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How the English created wealth
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-put poor people to work *cheap labor -turned raw materials from America into goods in factories in England -sold goods in other countries
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U.S Constitution Rights
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-bear arms -trialed by jury -free elections -freedom of speech -subjects can petition the king -no cruel of unusual punishment -no taxation without Congress agreeing
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Magna Carta (1215)
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-document created by the nobility for the nobility in England -limit government and power of the monarch -limited taxation; House of Lords voted on taxes
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English Government
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1King 2Parliament
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Two Houses of Parliament
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-House of Lords(nobility) -House of Commons(commons) Parliament makes the laws
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English Bill of Rights(1688)
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-passed by Parliament -limited the power of the King or Queen -law of the English subjects and American colonists -many of the same principles included in the U.S. Constitution
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Documents that Influenced the U.S. Constitution
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Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights
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Enlightenment
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new ideas and ways of thinking-problems can be solved by human reasoning (not just in God's or government's control)
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Beliefs of John Locke for people's natural rights
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life, liberty, and property
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Great Awakening
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-religious movement in the colonies -inspired by evangelical preaching -preachers spoke of personal religious experience -rejected Enlightenment views -not everything was in the hands of humans(God was still in control)
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Effects of the Enlightenment
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-inspired Benjamin Franklin to create new inventions and write books -John Locke
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Effects of the Great Awakening
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-new churches -increased religious tolerance -personal freedoms
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Debts of the French and Indian War
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-British spent a lot of money -King George III and Parliament wanted colonists to help pay for the war
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Sugar Act (1764)
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-passed by Parliament -enforced taxes already in place on molasses -made people pay taxes who were trying to avoid paying taxes
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Quartering Act (1765)
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required colonists to house and give supplies for soldiers after the F&I War
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Stamp Act (1765)
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-passed by Parliament -required colonists to pay taxes on all printed materials -first direct tax on the colonists
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Taxation without Representation
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-no one in Parliament represented the colonists so they became very upset -Parliament thought colonists were being selfish
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Methods of Protest
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-violence -wrote fliers/posters/pamphlets -formed groups/organizations -speeches -boycott
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Results of Protests
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-Stamp Act repealed -tax collectors quit -British lost business
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Townshend Acts (1767)
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-imposed taxes on imports -riots begin in the colonies
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Boston Massacre (March 1770)
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-colonists threw rocks and snowballs at the British soldiers guarding a custom's house -British soldiers fired their guns -killed 5 people -colonial political leaders begin to organize
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Boston Tea Party (1773)
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-only allowed a British tea company to not sell tea with a tax -Dec. 3, 1772 Boston Patriots dressed up as Indians and boarded 3 British ships and threw the tea overboard
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Effects of the Boston Tea Party
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Parliament passes Coercize Acts and Intolerable Acts
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Coercize Acts
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closed Boston Ports
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Intolerable Acts
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-forced colonists house troops -changed colonial governments and boundaries
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First Continental Congress
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-representatives from every colony except Georgia -met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania -boycott all British imports -set up new governments -unite
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Effects of British General Thomas Gage named governor of Massachusetts
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-colonists set up their own government to govern Massachusetts=Gage left out -colonists began stock-piling arms and ammunition
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Battle of Lexington and Concord
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-April 19, 1775 -Gage sends troops to arrest the colonists who started the new government - take away the weapons stockpile in Concord -Paul Revere tipped off colonists by riding through the country to warn people the British were coming
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Who fought the British at the Battle of Lexington and Concord?
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-local militia -drove the British back to Boston
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militia
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Patriot colonists who volunteered to help
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Second Continental Congress
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-met in Philadelphia -May 1775 -all colonies were represented -Congress took responsibility for the war -appointed George Washington as commander of the army
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loyalists
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colonists who wanted to be free of British rule and did not want to fight a war
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Patriots
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colonists who wanted to be free of British rule and would fight or be in the militia
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Common Sense
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-written by Thomas Paine -convinced many colonists to support the war
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Common Sense was about...
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-independence -division between central and state government(republican state government) -uniting the states -leaders elected by the people -opportunity for everyone
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Declaration of Independence
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-spring 1776 Continental Congress selects committee to draft a document declaring independence -approved on July 4, 1776 -Thomas Jefferson wrote the declaration
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The Declaration included...
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-list of British abuses -"all men are created equal" -included the natural rights -government could not take away natural rights -declared the colonies were separating from the British
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British abuses listed in the Declaration
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-Quartering Acts -mock trials for soldiers in the Boston Massacre
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Reasons British Lost
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-using old military strategies -Patriots were motivated -did not take colonists seriously as enemies -did not support Loyalist militias
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Reasons Colonists Won
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-motivated -used new military strategies -George Washington would retreat and fight another day strategy -Thomas Paine's Common Sense -assisted by French and Spanish
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Treaty of Paris
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-Americans led by Benjamin Franklin negotiated the treat with Britain
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terms of the Treaty
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-America was independent of Britain -America secured territory all land east of the Mississippi River (except Florida and the gulf coast)
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Effects of the War
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-many loyalists fled to British America (Canada) -slaves who fought with the British were re-enslaved -Indians lost all their territory
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Slavery-the division
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-slaves who fought with the Patriots were freed -some northern landowners sold their slaves to the south -northern states freed their slaves -many northern states would outlaw slavery
