U.S. History Chapter 14 & 15 – Flashcards
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established the highest protective tariff. Designed to protect American Farmers + Manufacturers... it failed.
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Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act
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lowered mortgage rates for homeowners and allowed farmers to refinance their farm loans and avoid foreclosure.
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Federal Home Loan Bank Act
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authorized $2 Billion for emergency financing for banks, life insurance companies, railroads, and other large businesses.
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Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
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A policy proposed by FDR, to give relief for the needy + financial reform.
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New Deal
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when Roosevelt closed all banks to prevent further withdrawals.
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"Bank Holiday"
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authorized treasury department to inspect the country's banks. The banks that were sound could re-open; others remained closed.
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Emergency Banking Relief Act
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established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
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Glass-Steagall Act
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provided federal insurance for individual bank accounts of up to $5,000 reassuring customers money was safe and required banks to be more cautious with peoples money.
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
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required corporations to provide complete information on all stock offerings + made them liable for any misrepresentations
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Federal Securities Act
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to regulate the stock market and to prevent people from having inside information about companies for their own profit.
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Securities + Exchange Commission (SEC)
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sought to raise crop prices by lowering production, government achieved by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of their land unseeded. Helped put money in farmers pockets.
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Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
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renovated 5 existing dams and constructed 20 new ones, created thousands of jobs, provided flood control, hydroelectric power + other benefits to impoverished regions.
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Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
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put young men (18-25) to work by building roads, developing parks, planting trees, and flood control projects.
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Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
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sought to promote industrial growth, created the National Recovery Administration (NRA).
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National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
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set prices of many products + established standards. The aim was to promote recovery by interrupting the trend of wage cuts, falling prices and layoffs, congress guaranteed workers right to unionize and to bargain collectively.
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National Recovery Administration (NRA).
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it raised hopes of the people and sparked enthusiasm for the new president- it made work projects.
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Civil Works Administration (CWA)
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provided government loans to homeowners who faced foreclosures because they couldn't meet their loan payments.
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Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)
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created by the National Housing Act, this agency continues to furnish loans for home mortgages and repairs today.
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Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
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lead by Harry Hopkins, was funded with $500 million to provide direct relief for the needy. Half the money was given to states for direct grants-in-aid to help furnish food + clothing to those suffering, the rest went to support work relief for every $3 in the state program FERA donated $1.
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Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
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an influential British economist, promoted the idea of deficit spending-(spending more money than the government receives in revenue.)
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John Maynard Keynes
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loaned more than $1 billion to help tenant farmers become landholders + established camps for migrant farm workers, who traditionally lived in squalid housing. This agency used pictures to create a record of the difficult times.
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Farm Security Administration (FSA)
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headed by Harry Hopkins, set out to create as many jobs as possible a.s.a.p. (mostly unskilled workers), it gave people a since of hope and purpose.
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Works Progress Administration (WPA)
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created to provide education, jobs, counseling, and recreation for young people. Provided student aid for High School, College and graduate students, in exchange students worked in part-time positions at their school.
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National Youth Administration (NYA)
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reestablished the NIRA provision of collective bargaining, also prohibited unfair labor practices such as threatening workers, firing union members + interfering with union organization. It also set up the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).
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Wagner Act
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would hear testimonies about unfair practices + hold elections to find out if workers wanted union representation.
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National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
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set maximum hours at 44 hours per week, decreasing to 40 hours after 2 years. Also set minimum wage at 25 cents an hour, increasing to 40 cents by 1945. It set rules for employment of workers under 16 and banned hazardous work for those under 18.
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Fair Labor Standards Act
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Gave old-age insurance to retirees 65+ and their spouses. Also had unemployment compensation system ($15-18 a week). Finally gave aid to families with dependent children and the disabled. Overall it provided substantial benefits to millions.
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Social Security Act
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financed and worked with electrical cooperatives to bring electricity to isolated areas.
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Rural Electrification Administration (REA)
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aimed at financial corruption in the public utility industry, it outlawed the ownership of utilities by multiple holding companies.
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Public Utility Holding Company Act (PUHC)
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America's first female cabinet member, she played a major role in creating the social security system and supervised labor legislation (secretary of labor).
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Frances Perkins
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an educator who dedicated herself to promoting opportunities for young African Americans. Head of the NYA Negro division.
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Mary McLeod Bethune
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moved away from assimilation and helped to restore some reservation land to tribal ownership.
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Indian Reorganization Act
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an alignment of diverse groups dedicated to supporting the democratic party. As a result democrats dominated national politics throughout the 1930s-1940s.
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New Deal Coalition
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similar to the AFL they organized workers in industrial Unions. (John L. Lewis)
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Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
