U.S history chapter 13 – Flashcards

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manifest destiny
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a belief shared by many Americans in the mid-1800s that the United States should expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean
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empire of liberty
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people believed that manifest destiny was to take over Canada, Mexico, Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Stephen Austin
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led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by bringing 300 families from the United States.
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Antonio Lopez De Santa Anna
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Mexican president who led an army against Texas
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the Alamo
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old Spanish mission that is remembered for the battle fought their for Texas' independence
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Davy Crockett
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famous hero who fought at the Alamo and died
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Sam Houston
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U.S. politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States
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Battle of San Jacinto
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final battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican army and independence for Texas
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the Oregon trail
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Hundreds of thousands of settlers traveled west by wagon trains across this path to the Pacific coast
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James K. Polk
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wanted to settle Oregon boundary dispute with Britain, wanted to aquire California and wanted to incorrperate Texas into union.
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fifty-four forty or fight
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A slogan that refers to the latitude 54-40, the northern limit of the disputed Oregon territory between America and the British.
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Zachary Taylor
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Whig president who nearly destroyed the Compromise of 1850 before he died in office
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John C. Fremont
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Presidential nominee for Republicans in election of 1856, founded and explored california in preceding decades.
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Winfield Scott
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United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million
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Wilmot Proviso
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Bill that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the War with Mexico
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Squatter Sovereignty
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Allowed people of the territory to decide the status of slavery there; later named popular sovereignty
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Free-Soil Party
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political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery
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California Gold Rush
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Migration of thousands of people to California (in 1849) after gold was discovered there
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The Compromise of 1850
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series of bills that wanted to resolve the territorial and slavery controversies, a victory of self interest
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Stephen A. Douglas
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a senator from Illinois proposed breaking up the "omnibus bill"
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Fugitive Slave Act
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Law that provided for harsh treatment for escaped slaves and for those who helped them
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Transcontinental Railroad
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a railroad that connected the eastern United States to the western United States. The railroad firmly bonded the West Coast the Union, created a trade route to the far-east, and helped the western expansion
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Jefferson Davis
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an American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865.
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.
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Bleeding Kansas
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A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.
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John Brown
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attempted to create a major revolt among the slaves
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Charles Summer
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senator who made speech criticizing proslavery senators
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"Free Labor"
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System of work in which employees have the right to leave their employer and their job for better opportunities
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Republican Party
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It emerged in the 1850s as an antislavery party and consisted of former northern Whigs and antislavery Democrats.
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James Buchanan
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American politician and 15th president of the US. He was chosen as the Democratic nominee for president in 1856 for being politically experienced and not offensive to slave states.
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Dred Scott vs. Sandford
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1857 Supreme Court decision that stated that slaves were not citizens; that living in a free state or territory, even for many years, did not free slaves; and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
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Roger Taney
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chief justice of the supreme court who wrote an opinion in the 1857 Dred Scott case that declared the Missouri compromise unconstitutional
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Abraham Lincoln
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successful lawyer who wanted to become more involved in politics in Illinois
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Lincoln-Douglas Debates
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a series of debates between Republican Abraham Lincoln and Democrat Stephen Douglas during the 1858 U.S. Senate campaign
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Harper's Ferry raid
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he South saw the act as one of treason and were encouraged to separate from the North, and Brown became a martyr to the northern abolitionist cause
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