Thinking and Language AP Psychology – Flashcards
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Framing
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the way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded.
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Morphemes
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the smallest speech units that carry meaning
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represenativeness heuristic
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people judge how well something matches a particular prototype
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morpheme
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the word "chased" is an
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heuristic
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you would use this type of thinking to save time, problem-solving shortcuts
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mental set
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tendency to approach a problem in a way that has been successful in the past
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confirmation bias
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the tendency to search for info that supports their existing beliefs
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phoneme
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smallest distinctive unit of a sound
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Prototype
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PPI take less time to say a cow is a mammal than a rat. Cow closely resembles their_______
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algorithm
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methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems
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Framing effect
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raffle says you have a 5% chance to win and you buy it. Says 95% of losing and you don't
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an inborn readiness
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Noam Chomsky has emphasized that the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by this
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functional fixdnese
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tendency to think of objects only in terms of their normal uses is called
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confirmation bias
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asked to research capital punishment. Alex just searches for evidence that supports his opinion
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thinking
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cognitive psychologist are most directly concerned with the study of
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Biological predisposition
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Noam Chomsky argues that children's readiness to learn language is an
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prototype
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best example of a category of objects, events, or people is called an
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syntax
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"can you please a ride to the airport me give?" This person has not yet mastered.
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availability heuristic
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we judge the likelihood of something occurring in terms of how fast it comes to mind this is
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semantics
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rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words and sentences.
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algorithm
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trying each key on a key ring until the door opened is an example of
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insight
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when you suddenly realize a problem's solution this is called
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belief perseverence
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requires more convincing evidence for us to change the concept
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babbling
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first stage of language development
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7
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what age does the window begin to close on learning language
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4
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chimps have the ability to reason at what age level
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linguistic determination
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according to what hypothesis does language shape our thinking
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theory of mind
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basic understanding of mental state, thinking is
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skinner
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what psychologist believed that we learn language thru operant conditioning
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telegraphic
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what is another term for the two-word speech phrase
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critical period
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what do we call the vital time for learning language
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trial and error
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finding a problem solution by trying each possibility
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over confidence
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the tendency of people to over estimate the accuracy of their knowledge results in
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artificial intelligence
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the science involving the development of computers and programs that mimic human thinking
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phonemes
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the basic units of language
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linguistic determinism/whorf
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language shapes our thinking (&who)
