Therapy Ed Nbcot Prep Chapter 4. (rita P. – Flashcards

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The code of ethics will be on the exam
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sorry for this, but you need to review them
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Beneficence
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concern for safety and wellbeing a.)respond to referral in timely manner b.provide appropriate eval and plan of interventino c.)reeval and assess- d.) avoid innapropriate use of tests/assessments e.)perform within competent level g.) continuing ed in short, be a good person, and a good OT
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Nonmaleficince
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refrain from actions causing harm -abandon,avoid cause harm, exploirtation, sex, remedy personal problems -avoid undue influences -professional boundaries --compromising clients rights or well being - based on adminsitrative needs -autonomy and confidentiality -consent -respect the right to refuse questions that have non-maleficience as the right answer pose a scenario like "administration needs you to work with this client because census is low and they need units. but after evaluation you've noticed that the client is not a good candidate and their desires are only for rest and relaxation."
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Social justice
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common good educate the public advocate for fair justice of all patients pro bono aka.. anything in the exam that has group related factors, it may be social justice
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procedural justice
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rules... local, state, federal and international laws code of ethics seek to understand and abide by instutional rules AOTA laws and policies hold appropriate credentials think lawyer on this one. its the law, do the right task and its relation to whats in the books.
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veracity
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accuracy!! record and report in accurate manner
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fidelity
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treating colleagues and other professionals with respect, fariness, discretion, and integrity -preserve, respect and safeguard private information take adequate measures to discourage, prevent, expose and breaches of the code of ethics -
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ethical distress
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therapist knows the correct action- but an existing barrier prevents from taking the course action.
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ethical dilemmas
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two or more potentially morally correct ways to solve a problem.
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do you have to report abuse or neglect?
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yes
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the NBCOT
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certies OTRS and COTAS- written exam. maintains them through voluntary cert program
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SRB's
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state body- created by legislature to make sure patients are seen by certified and credentialed practicioners -the people who issue a license, are the state require the license verification from NBCOT. but the NBCOT does not govern you. the SRB does they communicate, but are not the same entity. =
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the various actions that can be taken if you mess up
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1.) reprimand: private communication of agencys dispproval 2.)censure: public statement of agency's disapproval 3.)ineligability: remove membership, cert or license 4.)probation: make the clinician undergo certain conditions to retain membership 5.)suspension: lose your license for a period of time 6.) revoke license
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OT aide non-skilled jobs
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Transportation prepare clnic area contact guard during transfers (really?) ONLY IF... anticipated result of task is known clearly established no adatpationm judgement patient has been seen previously aide has been trained
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below are the various methods of supervision
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..
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direct
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face to face contact between supervisor and supervisee co treatment, observation, instruction, modeling and discussion
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indirect method of supervision
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electronic, written and telephone communications
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Close supervision
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daily, direct contact at the site of work
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Routine supervisions
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direct contact at least every two weeks at the site of work, interim sueprvision occuring by other methods such as telephone or written communication
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general supervision
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at least monthly direct contact with supervision available as needed by other methods
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mimimal
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only on a needed basis, and may be less than monthly
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formal supervision can be supplemented by functional supervision
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provision of information and feedback to coworkers (a sharing of expertise)
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supervision is dependent upon
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practicioners knowedge and skills complexities of client needs and caseload characteriscis and demands state laws, licensure requirements, and other regulatory madates practice settting type and facility procedures
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ot aide supervision must be
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intermittent or continuous dependeing on the task being performed
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intermittent supervision is good for
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non patient related tasks, periodic discussion, demonstration
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continuous superivion for the aide
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for client related tasks OTA or OT must be within auditory or visual contact in the immediate area of the aide during the aide's task performance
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what kind of supervision do you think a COTA needs if they are treating an actuely ill person with rapidly changing status on an inpatient unit?
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muchcloser than providing stable clients ina long-term care residential facility i would say close supervision
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the following is from a table that states the type of personell and the recommended supervision
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...
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entry level OT
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no supervision required, but close supervision by an intermediate or advanced level OT a good idea they supervise all aides, techs, OTAs, volunteers and level I students
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intermediate level
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routine or general supervision by an advances level OT can have Level II students
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advanced level OT
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recommended by min superivision by an advanced OT
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entry level COTA
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close supervision, aides, techs, volunteers
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intermediate level OTA
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routine or general supervisions by all levels
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advanced level OTA
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general supervision
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the "team"
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all health care professionals, the family, the patient
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factors that influence effective team functioning
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skill and knowledge stability commitment to team goals good communication membership composition common language effective leadership
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types of teams
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...
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intradisciplinary
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one or more members of one discipline evaluate, plan, and implement Tx of the individual communication is limited. limiting persepctives "at risk" due to potential nrrowness of persepctive
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multidisciplinary
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number of professionals from difference disciplines conduct assessments and interventions independent from one another -primary allegiance is to his/her discipline. some formal communications between each other lack of understanding of different persepctives ==competition develops
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interdisciplinary
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all disiplines agree to collaborate eval and intervention independently greater understanding of each disiplines perspective members are working towards a common goal and not bound by discipline members work in group skills perfectly
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transdisciplinary
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interdisciplinary teams are maintained and expanded upon (i guess better?) members support and enahnce activities and programs of other disciplines -commited to ongoing communication, collaboration and shared decision making evals and internventions are planned cooperatively, yet one member takes on multiple responsibilities
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bottom line
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multi disciplinary works best in inpatient acute or sub acute rehabs-- we all have different goals but discuss how to help one another and work on areas that are best approached by each respective field something like adapting a home with each discipline, the groups are more like transdisciplinary. the lines are grey as to what person is responsible for each aspect
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"lay team members and role responsibilities"
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consumer family/primary caregiver ---take into account the cultural, goals, etc
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"paraprofessionals team members and role responsibilities"
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personal care assistants (PCA's/ HHA home health aides)
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professional team members
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any health care profession you can think of trainers, chiro, MD, RN, NPR, job coach, PT, pTA, Optometrist...etc.
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key components of ACA
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finance incentives for health care providers who integrate into inter and transdiciplinary workers patient centered medical homes-- PCMH mental/physical health via preventative, acute care and disability/chronic illness management the ACA makes health insurance compettitive. so that insurance companies have to compete with one another to keep costs low
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The CMS
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develops rules and regulations pertaining to federal laws governing the medicare and medicaid programs if you bill medicare/medicaide be ready to be monitored regularly
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facilities regulated by CMS
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Long-term settings-SNFS- medicare /medicaide pays for most if not all fee for service?
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medicaide
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poor, children and pregnant women
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OSHA
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safety and standards --U.S department of labo structural standards and building codes handling infectious materia;s, blood products, controlling blood borne pathogens, operating machinery and handling hazardous substances
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to obtain accrediation for a health care facility
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state and local or county regulations must be followed
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accredidation for facilities
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often voluntary... --JCAHO, CARF, all of these bodies who observe your notes and billing come in annually
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beneficiary
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a person receiving services for SNF- the term resident is used
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capitation
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provider is paid prospectively (monthly basis) a set fee for each member. the healthier the enrollees, the more the provider retains of the total PMPM Per Member Per MOnth fee
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co-insurance
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monetary amount to be paid by a patient, usually expressed as a percentage of total charge
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clinical/critical pathway
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standardized recomended intervention protocol for a specific diagnoses this sounds like a protocol. example: hand protocol has specific interventions for month s/p injury
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deductible
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amount a patient must pay to a provider before the insurance benefits will pay
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DRGS
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diagnostic related groups- CMS determins how much payment at a per case rate
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fee for service
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provider is paid the same type of rate per unit of service, payer pays 80%, the patient pays 20%. this percentage is nice, its a silver plan. bronze plans are more like 70/30 or 60/40
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health insurance marketplace
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ACA to allow consumers to compare the cost of insurance plans in their area---
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HMO
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managed care-- can only see doctors in HMO obtain referrals before seeking specialty or ancillary care
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managed care
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some control over costs and utilization of services. MCOs include HMO and PPO a general umbrella term for HMO and PPO
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PPO
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greater choice of providers, however, percentage of payment from insurance decreases
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procedure codes
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describe specific services (ICD 10)
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providers
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the people delivering the services bill medicare, HMOS and PPOS for services rendered
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third party payers
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agencies and companies who are the primary reimbursers for health care in the U.S (e.g Blue cross HMO and PPOs are also third party payers
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TAR
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treatment authorization reques medicade form for a primary care provider. they must request this form
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UCR
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usual and customary rate average cost of speicifc health care procedure in area maximum amount the insurer will pay for a service and covered expense
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medicare
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largest single payer for OT services administered by CMS
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who is eligable for medicare?
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65 or older all ages with end stage renal disease long term disability- ALS, MS who have received disability benefits for 24 months may be eligable
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Medicare Part A
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pays for inpatient hospital, SNF, Home health, rehabiltiation facilities and hospice care
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DRGS
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per case rate covers all services fixed dollar amount for patient care regardless of length of stay LOS or number of services provided adaptive equipment
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medicare part B
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pays for hospital outpatient physician and other professional services including OT services provided by independent practicioners supplemental and must be purchased by the beneficiary require 20 percent co-payment
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criteria for OT services
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doc prescription licensed OT and OTA reasonable and necessary no diagnostic restrictions ot must result in , practical improvement in the persons level of functioning in reasonable amount of time
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OT in SNFS is covered if...
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patient requires rehab minimum 5 days a week
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according to this book. the primary difference between A and B
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the frequency in which the individual receives services in patient A requires services for 5 days a week B covers 3 days per week? i thought main difference was inpatient v outpatient
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ot in home care (billed via med A) is covered if individual is
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home bound and need intermittent skilled nursing care PT, ST or nursing begin.. OT can come out if they refer us the person has to be confined to the house. anything other than medical or religious is automatic D/C
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Home health agencies are payed underneath what type of payment system
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PPS- the prospective payment agency DME is excluded from HHA PPS Home Health resource groups (HHRGS) to determine an episode payment rate episode is something like 60 days OASIS MUST BE USED WITH THIS MODEL.
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OT goals for hospice
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maintain functional skills. ADLS symptom control
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Medicaide
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income below established threshold --at least half of their funding is from the federal government ==
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switching to documentation
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...
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in the federal world, do OTs have to co-sign OTA notes?
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no. in the state of NJ they do!
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structure of goal statement (all of the things that need to be in the goal)
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1)person (client) who will perform 2) desired functional behavior 3) underlying factors (performance component) 4) the circumstances under which the behavior must be performed 5) degree to which behavior (so measurable data) 3 out of 4 times or level of assistance
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SMART goal written rule
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Specific "develop ability to button shirt using non-dominant hand" Measurable -- number of times. percentage of success attainable- realistically achieve relevant- to roles and expected environment time- limited, anticipated time to achieve goals--- if they have 60 days to work on goal then write 60 days. if its a hospital and you don't know. write by discharge
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switching to legislation related to disabilities...
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...
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SSI (disability income)
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SSI- a monthly income to enable them to live in the community --its a long process to get. and once they have a job or an income they lose it. and it takes time to get back again if their job does not work out
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Fair housing act
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-prohibits discriminatino on the bases of disability, religion, sex, color, race, national origin and familial status --this also makes landlords adhere to accomodations to the house to make them more handicap accessible
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OBRA- omnibus budget reconciliation act of 1981
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no discrimination in all kinds of federally funded programs ---medicadie financing for community based services for people with IDD
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ADA
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discrimination against qualified persons with disabilities in employment, transpo, accomodations, telecommunications and public services
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Title 1 employment
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employers cant discriminate against disabilities
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title II public services
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state and local governments cannot discriminate
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title III
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public accomodations and services operated by public entities hospitals, health care providers, offices, schools, day care centers, may not discriminate
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IDEA
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inidividuals with disabilities education improvement act
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The following are all of the settings.. and a little info you should know about them
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...
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acute care
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medical or psych. CANNOT BE TREATED ON AN OUTPATIENT BASIS 1) initial onset -LOS is 1-7 days on average --longer LOS requires significant documentation quick and accurate screening-- major diffictulies --big thing here is discharge planning and after-care referrals --- know the vitals and medical stability
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sub acute
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progressed from acute stage but not stabilizied enough to go outpatient LOS- 5-30 dAYS --more in depth than acute care --sub acutes can be found in hospitals or SNFS
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LTAC
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long term acute care hospital chronic or catastrophic illnesses multiple Dx with major complications LOS is 25+ palliateive care-- prevention and treatment of complications --(positioning to prevent descubiti and contractures ---
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rehab hospitals
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medicall stable but has residual functional deficits requiring skilled services LOS from a week to months documentation requiring LOS are dependent on institue, state, and thir party payer LOS ends when coverage is expended OT eval is most extensive
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long term hospitals
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LOS month to years LOS in private long term hospitals is determined by insurance coverage OT eval is extensive
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SNF
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chronic injury but needs skilled care aka medical care and rehab 1 month to an individuals lifetime
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forensic settings
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psychiatric illnesses sexual predators, etc
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community based practice settings
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...
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early intervention programs
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at risk toddler birth complications delays in development failure to thrive maternal substance abuse during pregnancy birth to an adolescent/teen mother established diabilitiy/dx 33% delay in one area or 25% in 2 areas
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supported education programs
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secondary/post-secondary education --psychiatric or mental health problem --
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prevocational programs
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skills required for jobs and how they can be acquired attitude, social skills, aptitude tests
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vocational
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specific work skills required for a job
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developing your own therapeutic program
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directly meet needs of specific group/and or population -ex. outpatient cardiac rehabilitation. gives medicare and other payers a clear picture of the rehabilitation model you are using
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four basic steps to program development
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1) describe the community 2) decribe the population you want to work with a.) the disorders, b) functional levels c) presenting problems 3) specific needs of target population a) physician needs for the population, felt needs as stated by the individual, 4) the whole intervention process aka. Mary's project
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fiscal management
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basic terms... dont memorize just be familiar with
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major fiscal management tasks
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develop revenue and vollume projectsion cost-effective charging procedures and fee structures manage payroll and staffing budgets
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budget terms and concepts
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specific time period, costs of managing a program and anticipated revenue RATE OF RETURN a manager will look at how much it is to fund 4 therapy salaries, the cost of overhead and how much he/she can receive in return. (how many units he can pump out of the facility)
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Capital expense budget
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permanent or long term purchases cuh as an ADL kitchen or for new facilities, such as new wing for a work hardening program anything over 500 dollars is considered a capital expense
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operating expense budgets
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daily financial activity of a program or service --direct expenses-- therapy salaries, sick time, benefits indirect expenses include costs shared by the setting as a whole such as uitlities, housekeeping, and marketing
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Full- time equivalent
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amount of hours a full time staff employee works, in the U.S 8hours a day, 5 days a week.
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productivity standards
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established amount of direct care and reimbursable services each therapist is to provide per day managed care pressures have constantly increased
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break even analysis
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volume of services needed to be provided for revenues to equal cost and profits to equal 0
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accounts payable
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debts within a budget indicates payments that are due for purchases
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accounts receivable
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the assets within a budget indicates payments that are owed to the program
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true experimental
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classic two-group esign which includes random selection and assignment into an experimental group that receives treatment or control group that receives no treatment cause and effect. the gold standard of research very very hard to pull off
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quasi-experimental
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independent variable- dependent- its effect on them BUT lesser degree over control group and or no randomization often used in health care because it is often unethical to withold interventions from a group of individuals
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non-experimental/correlational
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no manipulation of independent variable, rnadomization and researcher control are not psosible study the potential relationships between two or more existing variables (attendeance at a day proram and social interaction skills) describe relationships, predicts relationships among variables without active manipulation of the variables NO cause and effect fails to consider all varaiables that enter into a relationship relationship is often expressed as correlational coefficient, ranging from -1.00 to +1.00
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qualitative methodology/design types
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descriptive research, studies people, indiv or collectively, in their natural social and cultural context
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