The Neuman Systems Model of Nursing: Grand theory (Ch. 7) – Flashcards

-Born in Ohio & lives in Watertown, Ohio -Worked in many areas of nursing practice -Professor at UCLA Family Therapist -Founder/ Director of the NSMTG, Inc. -Holds two Honorary Doctorates (1992-Honorary Doctorate of Letters, Neumann College; 1998-Honorary Doctorate of Science, Grand Valley State University) -Fellow, American Academy of Nursing, 1993

Individual Family Group/ aggregate Community

-Physiological Variable -Psychological Variable -Sociocultural Variable -Developmental Variable -Spiritual Variable

The central or core structure consists of basic survival factors [normal temp range, genetic structure, response pattern, organ strength/ weakness, ego structure] (Neuman, 2002).

-Forms the outer boundary of the defined client system [individual/ family/ group/ community] (Neuman, 2002) -Acts as a protective buffer system for the client's normal line of defense or wellness state -Prevents stressor invasion of the client system

-The client/ client system's normal or usual wellness level -This line represents what the client has become/ evolved over time (Neuman, 2002) -The NLD defines the stability and integrity of the client system, its ability to maintain stability and integrity -This normal defense line is the standard against determining any variance from wellness

-A protective mechanism that attempts to stabilize the client system and foster a return to the usual wellness -LOR contain certain known and unknown internal and external resource factors that support the client's basic structure and NLD (mobilize WBC, activate immune system mechanisms)

-Optimal wellness is the greater possible degree of system stability at a given point in time (Neuman, 2002). -Optimal client system stability means the highest possible health condition achievable at a given point in time (Neuman, 2002).

-Illness is a state of insufficiency with disrupting needs unsatisfied (Neuman, 2002). -Illness is an excessive expenditure of energy... when more energy is used by the system in its state of disorganization than is built and stored, the outcome may be death (Neuman, 2002).

-Is the determined energy increase related to the degree of reaction to a stressor, and represents the return and maintenance of system stability following treatment for stressor reactions (Neuman, 2002) -May be viewed as feedback from the input/ output of secondary intervention -Complete reconstitution may occur beyond the previously determined NLD or usual wellness state, may stabilize the system to a lower level, or return to the level of wellness prior to illness.

-Basis for health promotion Nursing is prevention as intervention encompass three dimensions: -Primary Prevention -Secondary Prevention -Tertiary Prevention

Nursing Diagnosis Nursing Goals Nursing Outcomes

-Unique systems-based perspective -Comprehensive guide for practice, research, education and administration -Multidimensional and holistic -Acute care: focus on attaining and maintaining system stability -Community care: focus on prevention as intervention -Guided development of Practice tools

NSM Assessment and Intervention Tool Format for Prevention as Intervention Tool