The Jungle Review – Flashcards
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From what country do Jurgis and Ona emigrate?
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Lithuania
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Why did Jurgis want to move to America ?
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To be rich ( The American Dream ), Freedom not to be in the military, better job opportunity, better life for his family; chance to be with Ona
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What prompted Ona and her family to come to America?
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Her father died, her family lost the farm, and her family was in debt
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How many people came with Jurgis (including himself) to America?
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12
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What is Teta Elzbieta's relationship to Ona?
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Ona's stepmother
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Where does most of the story take place?
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Packingtown, Chicago
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Why is the name Packingtown significant?
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It is the center of the meat-packing industry and the center of Lithuanian immigration
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Who does the family meet after their arrival in Packingtown?
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Jokubas Szedvilas
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Whose delicatessen is a financial failure?
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Jokubas
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What are some of the ways Jokubus helps the family ?
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Acts as a guide, helping them to find a job, Helps to teach the family English
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Which factory do Jurgis and his party tour when the first arrive in Packingtown?
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Durham's
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The government inspector who checks the slaughtered pigs for signs of __________ often lets several carcasses go unchecked.
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Tuberculosis
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The novel begins during......
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Ona and Jurgis' wedding
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On what day were Jurgis and Ona married?
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Sunday
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How old is Ona when she gets married?
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15
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Veselija
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Lithuanian wedding
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At Jurgis and Ona's wedding feast, which vendor is considered to be the biggest cheat?
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The saloonkeeper; he cheats the family out of beer and liquor
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Who organizes Jurgis and Ona's reception?
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Marija
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Acziavimas
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A Lithuanian wedding custom in which the men take turns dancing with the bride and leaving money in a hat at the conclusion of each dance
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During the "acziavimas", what are wedding guests expected to do?
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Give money to the bride's family
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True/False: As we survey the guests at the party, we can see a real generation gap: the older generation folks have all kept up the clothing of the old country, Lithuania. But the younger generation are wearing American styles and machine-sewn clothes (rather than hand-made).
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True
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How much does the average veselija cost?
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$300
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After their wedding, how much debt do Jurgis and Ona start their marriage with?
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One Hundred Dollars
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At the beginning of the novel, what is Jurgis's response to learning of the debt caused by his marriage feast?
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"I will work harder"
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If a worker is one minute late, he loses an ____ pay; if he is twenty minutes late, he loses ___ ___.
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Hour's, his job
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Where does Jurgis first get a job?
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Brown's
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How much does Jurgis earn per hour in his first job as a sweeper?
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Seventeen and a half cents (just over two dollars for 12 hours of labor)
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They used every part of the pig except the......
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squeal
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Upon arriving in Chicago, Marija obtains a job painting labels on ____ for nearly two dollars a day.
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Cans
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What word best describes Jurgis's initial impression of the meatpacking factory?
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Efficient
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Where does the family stay when they first arrive in Packingtown?
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a boarding house
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Tenement
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poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived
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Approximately how many people live in one tenement flat?
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Fifty or Sixty
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What is the largest financial mistake Jurgis and his family makes?
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Buying a house
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The family finds a paper advertising the sale of four-room homes for $____. Buyers need only pay $_____ down and the monthly payment is $_____.
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$1500, $300, $12
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How much does the family pay per month to buy a house?
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12 dollars
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Why does the lawyer not help Jurgis' party when they are trying to buy the house?
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He is a friend of the real estate agent
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Why can't Jurgis sign papers on his home?
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He has to work
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How much interest is the family forced to pay on their house each month?
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Seven Percent
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The family is shocked to learn that they have to pay interest on their debt, bringing the actual monthly payment close to $___.
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20
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Why can't Dede Antanas find a job?
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He is old
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A factory boss promises Dede Antanas a job in exchange for ____ of his wages.
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1/3
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What does Tamoszius Kuszleika tell Jurgis about?
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that corruption exists everywhere in Packingtown; it is impossible to move ahead without taking part in the web of graft and corruption
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Who informs the family that the house they purchased was a swindle?
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Grandmother Majauszkiene
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By paying ten dollars to the forelady, Ona obtains a job sewing covers on ____ in a cellar.
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Hams
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The young Stanislovas lies about his age and obtains a job working a _____-______ machine.
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Lard-Canning
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What disease does Dede Antanas die from?
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Consumption (Tuberculosis)
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Why do Marija and Tamoszius postpone their marriage?
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They cannot afford to get married
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During the _____, after the rush season, many factories close down and many workers lose their jobs.
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Winter
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What do all the wage earners in the family join?
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a union
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He learns of the graft, corruption, and greed spread by the likes of Mike Scully, a local _____ politician.
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Irish
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Which immigrant population owns the unions and the police force?
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Irish
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What are some things that Jurgis learns upon joining the union ?
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Learns to read and speak English & Learns about Politics; learns about the web of political corruption and bribery that makes Packingtown run
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Does Jurgis become a US citizen?
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yes
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How does Jurgis make an extra $2 on election day?
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He sells his vote
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What is Graft ?
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An advantage gained by shady means, Bribery, Extortion ( Political Bribery )
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Jurgis comes to realize that the dishonest meat companies sell diseased meat and label cans as "______ ham" or "_____ ham" although the contents are a mixture of leftover bits and entrails from any number of slaughtered animals.
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Deviled, Potted
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The agent explains that they must pay $___ a year for insurance, $__ a year in taxes, and $___ dollars a year for water.
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7, 10, 6
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In the summer, the factories are infernos; moreover, legions of _____ descend on Packingtown, attracted by the blood and meat.
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Flies
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Who is fired after verbally protesting being cheated out of a portion of her wages?
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Marija
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Why is Marija hired as a beef trimmer?
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She is as strong as a man and will work at half the price
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What does Ona do only 1 week after giving birth?
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She goes back to work
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Marija sews her savings into her _______, which now weighs her down so that she fears sinking into the mud in the street.
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Clothing
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In truth, Marija's fear is unfounded: an attempt by a policeman to arrest a drunk at the saloon next to the bank drew a crowd, and people who saw the crowd believed that there was a ____ on the bank, so they hurried to withdraw their money.
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Run
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How does Jurgis injure himself, resulting in his inability to go to work for three months?
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He sprains his ankle
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When Jurgis is finally strong enough to return to work, does he have a job?
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No
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Why is Stanislovas afraid of the cold on winter mornings?
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He has seen the effects of frostbite and suffers frostbite in his hands himself, permanently damaging the first joints on his fingers
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What does Jurgis have to do to make Stanislovas go to work on snowy mornings?
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beat him
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Jonas disappears, so the family sends Nikalojus and Vilimas, Teta Elzbieta's ten- and eleven-year-old sons, respectively, to work as ________ sellers.
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Newspaper
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How does Teta Elzbeita's youngest child, Kristoforas, die?
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He eats bad meat
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Where does Jurgis work when the chemicals seep into his skin?
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Fertilizer Mill
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Teta Elzbieta takes a job in a _______ factory.
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Sausage
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The most spoiled of meats becomes ________.
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Sausage
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What does Jurgis turn to in order to deal with their poverty and misery?
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alcohol
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Antanas suffers various childhood illnesses, and the _______ attack him with fury.
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Measles
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Ona tells Jurgis that _______ eventually raped her in the factory after everyone had gone home and threatened to arrange the firings of every wage earner in her household.
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Phil Connor
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What does Jurgis seek to avenge in attacking Phil Connor?
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his rape of Ona
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Why is Jurgis arrested?
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He attacked Phil Connor for raping Ona
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A date is designated for Jurgis's trial and his bond is set at $____.
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300
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Over what holiday does Jurgis spend in jail?
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Christmas Eve
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While Jurgis awaits his trial, he becomes friends with his cellmate, ____ _______.
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Jack Duane
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Jack claims to be an educated man from the ____. He says that his father committed suicide after failing in business. He adds that a big company later cheated him out of a lucrative ________. His misfortunes led Jack to become a ____
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East, Invention, Safe Breaker
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How long is Jurgis sentence to jail the first time?
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30 days
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In _______ Prison, Jurgis and the other prisoners spend the greater portion of their time breaking stone
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Bridwell
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Ten days later, __________ visits to tell him that he, Ona, Marija, and Teta Elzbieta have all lost their jobs and that they are unable to pay rent or buy food.
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Stanislovas
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Why is Marija suffering blood poisoning?
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She cut her hand at work
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Jurgis has no more than fourteen cents to give. Kotrina, Stanislovas, and the children earn money selling papers. Their only other income comes from _________.
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Begging
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Why does Jurgis have to stay in prison for three extra days?
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He can't afford his trial
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What does Jurgis discover when he returns home after his prison sentence?
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a new family living in his home
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Whose help does Jurgis seek upon finding Ona giving birth?
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Madame Haupt
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How much does Madame Haupt orginally demand for her services?
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$25
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How does Ona die?
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As a result of childbirth
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Who convinces Jurgis to live for Antanas after Ona's death?
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Teta Elzbieta
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What happens to Jurgis' working availability in Packingtown after he is released from prison?
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He is blacklisted
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After two weeks of futile searching and odd jobs, Jurgis meets an old acquaintance from his union. The man leads him to a factory where ______ _______ are produced, and the foreman gives Jurgis a job.
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Harvesting Machines
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Juozapas, Teta Elzbieta's crippled child, begins to go to the local ____ to find food.
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Dump
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Where does the philanthropic woman find a job for Jurgis?
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At a steel mill
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How does the young Antanas die?
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He drowns in the mud-logged street.
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Where becomes of Jurgis after Antanas' death?
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he becomes a tramp
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Why does Jurgis return to Chicago?
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because of the cold weather
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What does Jurgis do for work when he returns to Chicago?
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helps dig underground tunnels for railway freight
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Where does Jurgis live upon his return to Chicago?
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He is homeless
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What does Freddie Jones give to Jurgis?
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A one-hundred-dollar bill
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Who "robs" Jurgis of his $100 bill?
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A bartender
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What does Jurgis do that lands him in jail again?
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attacks the bartender for cheating him out of his change
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With whom does Jurgis team up with for a life of crime?
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Jack Duane
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Why does Jack Duane leave town?
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His associates abandon him after he barely escapes arrest
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After Duane flees Chicago, who/what does Jurgis become involved with?
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corrupt politicians and political graft, including vote-buying
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To what political party does Mike Scully belong?
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Democrats
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During the strike between the unions and the packers, what does Jurgis become?
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a scab
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Scab
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a person who takes the place of someone on strike; the term for nonunion replacement workers during a strike or union members who refuse to strike and continue working
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Who does Jurgis encounter and attack during the strike?
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Phil Connor
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Who informs Jurgis that Connor is one of Scully's favorites?
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Harper
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Jurgis hurries to see Marija. What does Marija now do for a living?
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She is a prostitiute
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How did Stanislovas die?
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he fell asleep in the storeroom of an oil factory and a swarm of rats attacked him and killed him
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Why has Marija resorted to prostitution?
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in order to keep the rest of the family from starvation
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Who has developed a drug addiction to morphine?
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Marija
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As Jurgis walks the streets, he wanders into a meeting. Jurgis listens to the speech; he has wandered into a ________ political meeting.
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Socialist
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He asks for more information about the party, and the speaker directs him to ________, a socialist who speaks Lithuanian.
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Ostrinski
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Where is Ostrinski from?
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Poland, but he speaks Lithuanian
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Proletariat
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the term for a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages
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Ostrinski explains that workers need to gain "_____ ___________" so that they can organize in favor of their interests.
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Class Consciousness
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Ostrinski calls socialism the "new religion" of humanity. He adds that it could also be interpreted as the fulfillment of ________ values on Earth.
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Christian
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Jurgis finds a job as a porter in a small _____ that pays thirty dollars a month plus board.
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Hotel
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Ostrinski informs Jurgis that his new boss, ______ ____, is actually a state organizer for the socialist party and a well-known socialist speaker.
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Tommy Hinds
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_____ often urges Jurgis to detail the horrendous filth of the meat-packing plants along with the real recipes for tinned meats and sausages.
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Hinds
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Jurgis takes up the socialist cause with a passion. He endeavors to read newspapers, including ___ ______ ___ _______, and learn all about the political and economic systems of power in America.
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The Appeal to Reason
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Why can Marija not leave protstitution?
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She is addicted to morphine
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Once the inefficiency of production is eliminated through science and eradication of _____, no worker will be obliged to labor for countless hours a day merely to survive.
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Graft
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The basic goals of ________ are "common ownership and democratic management of the means of producing the necessities of life."
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Socialism
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How does the story end?
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A spirited speaker at a political meeting urges socialists to continue fighting because the victory is not yet won, encouraging them with the words, "Chicago will be ours!"
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What laws were passed in response to the book?
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The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and the Meat Inspection Act
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Which places symbolize the exploitation of workers?
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Packingtown and the stockyards...
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Symbolizes the capitalist idea of the survival of the fittest
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The idea of the jungle...
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Symbolize the disingenuous face of capitalism
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The cans of rotten meat...
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Teta Elzbieta symbolizes...
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The family
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Jonas symbolizes...
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Capitalism's destruction of the family
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In the novel The Jungle, the word 'jungle' is used as . . . . ?
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Metaphor
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The Jungle served as . . . . ? (in response to Sinclair's ORIGINAL intentions)
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A warning of the plight of immigrant peoples who become hardworking Americans
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Main themes explored in The Jungle are...?
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Corruption and Capitalism
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Upton Sinclair was a member of which political party?
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Socialists
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What were the writers that exposed abuses in government ( corruption ) and business called?
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Muckrakers
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What were some of the problems that the family had during or after their trip to America ?
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They did not know English ( Language Barrier ) and they got ripped off by someone posing as a Policeman, Problems finding a place to live, did not know where everything was
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What does Jurgis realize about America that ruins his dream of being rich ?
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He makes more money but things cost more ( higher cost of living )
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What is " Bubbly Creek " ?
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Part of Chicago river, forms the southern boundry of the yards, open sewer and toxic waste dump, full of trash and animal parts
