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Jamestown

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The first colony in America; set up in 1607 along the James River in Virginia

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John Smith

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English colonist to the Americas who helped found the Jamestown colony and encouraged settlers to work harder and build better housing

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Pocahontas

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American Indian princess, she saved the life of John Smith when he was captured and sentenced to death by the Powhatan. She was later taken prisoner by the English, converted to Christianity, and married colonist John Rolfe

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Indentured Servants

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A colonist who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

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Bacon's Rebellion

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An attack led by Nathaniel Bacon against American Indians ad the colonial government in Virginia

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Toleration Act of 1649

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A Maryland law that made restricting the religious rights of Christians a crime; the first law guaranteeing religious freedom to be passed in America

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Olaudah Equiano

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African American abolitionist, he was an enslaved African who was eventually freed and became a leader of the abolitionist movement and writer of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano

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Slave Codes

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Laws passed in the colonies to control slaves, to keep them from uprising

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Puritans

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Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England

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Pilgrims

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A member of the Puritan Separatist sect that left England in the early 1600s to settle in the Americas

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Immigrant

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A person who moves to another country after leaving his or her homeland

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Mayflower Compact

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A document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as political society and settling guidelines for self-government. Also calls for decisions based on the will of majority, early form of written constitution.

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Squanto

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Patuxet Indian who was captured and enslaved in Spain but later escaped to England and then America; he taught the Pilgrims native farming methods and helped them establish relations with the Wampanoag, the Indians at the feast later known as Thanksgiving

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John Winthrop

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Leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who led Puritan colonists to Massachusetts to establish an ideal Christian community; he later became the colony's first governor

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Anne Hutchinson

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Puritan leader who angered other Puritans by claiming that people's relationship to God did not need guidance from ministers; she was tried and convicted of undermining church authorities and was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony; she later established the colony of Portsmouth in present-day Rhode Island

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Peter Stuyvesant

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Director general of the Dutch New Netherland colony, he was forced to surrender New Netherland to the English

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Quakers

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Society of Friends; Protestant sect founded in 1640s in England whose members believed that salvation was available to all people

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William Penn

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Quaker leader who founded a colony for quakers in Pennsylvania; the colony provided an important example of self-government and became a model of freedom and tolerance

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Staple Crop

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A crop that is continuously in demand

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Town Meeting

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A political meeting at which people make decisions on local issues; used primarily in New England

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English Bill of Rights

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A shift of political power from the British monarchy to Parliament

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Triangular Trade

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Trading Networks in which goods and slaves moved among England, the American colonies, and Africa

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Middle Passage

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A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

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Jonathan Edwards

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Important and influential revivalist leader in the Great Awakening religious movement, he delivered dramatic sermons on the choice between salvation and damnation

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Great Awakening

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A religious movement that became widespread in the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s

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Enlightenment

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The Age of Reason; movement that began in Europe in the 1700s as people began examining the natural world, society, and government

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Potanic

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Ottawa chief who united the Great Lakes' Indians to try to halt the advance of European settlement, he attacked British forts in a rebellion known as Pontiac's Rebellion; he eventually surrendered in 1766

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Protestant Reformation

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A religious movement which took away power from the Catholic Church. Many new religious groups formed such as the Huguenots and the Anglican Church.

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Canal

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Many people are searching for a water route through North America

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At War (At Sea)

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The Spanish Armada and Queen Elizabeth 1's Sea Dogs

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Southern Colonies

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Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland

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Middle Colonies

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Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York

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New England Colonies

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Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire

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Royal Colonies

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Under direct authority of the King

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Corporate

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Run by a joint-stock company (a group of people invest together)

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Proprietary

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Authority belongs to individuals given a charter (permission to colonize) from the king

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Powhatan Indians

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Pocahontas helps bring peace between the colony and Indians, the Indians taught colonists how to grow corn

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Virginia

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Royal colony, plantations/farms, First representative government (House of Burgesses) Nicknamed \"the colony built on smoke\" because John Rolfe brought a new strain of stronger tobacco that became the colony's main crop

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Virginia

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Bacon's rebellion: Nathaniel Bacon, an Aristocrat member of the House of Burgesses, is upset by increasing taxes and colonial policy toward Native Americans (basically friendly) Bacon and a group of other poor farmers attack a group of Native Americans. When the government tries to stop the attack, they burn Jamestown. This made class differences magnified and Colonial resistance to authority

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Maryland

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Proprietary colony, charter given to Lord Baltimore, settled as a refuge for English Catholics Toleration Act of 1649: It is a crime to restrict religious rights of Christians

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Carolinas

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Started as one proprietary colony, given to eight nobles by King Charles, but it breaks into two royal colonies

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North Carolina

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Small self-sufficient farms

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South Carolina

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Large plantations, active sea ports (Charleston)

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Georgia

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Royal colony founded as a buffer between the British Colonies and Spanish Florida as well as a place to send English debtors (criminals)

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Main Crops of Southern Colonies

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Indigo, Tobacco, Rice Most Southern colonies are based, depending on the region, on subsistence farming and plantation farming

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Indentured Servants

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Most labor is initially done by them With an decrease of them, the need for labor increases

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Dutch

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Bring a ship of slaves in 1619

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Middle Passage

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Slaves had to travel this: a harsh, deadly journey across the Atlantic Ocean

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Racism

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The beginning of this in America appears with the increase in slaves

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Slaves

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Were property for the lifetime of white masters, it was a crime to teach them literacy, conversion to Christianity was not grounds for freedom, traded along with goods in a system know as the triangular trade

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New England Colonies

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Harsh Winters, poor soil= only subsistence farming, no plantations. Economy based on trade, mainly fishing and shipbuilding but also lumber, shipping and fur trade. Democratic Government: Congregational church holds town meetings and gives voting rights to church members. Education is very important (Harvard is the first college in the colonies, founded by John Harvard as a school for clergy, Law requires every township with at least 50 families to have a school)

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The Beginning of the Colonies

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The Puritans and Pilgrims are two groups in England called Separates because they want to break away from the Church of England. The Pilgrims come to America and settle at Plymouth where they experience a harsh winter. On the way over, they sign the Mayflower Compact. Pilgrims are aided by Squanto and the Wampanoag, had the first Thanksgiving in November 1621. The Puritans come next, settle in Massachusetts Bay Colony (later joins with Plymouth), Puritans are not tolerant of rebellious members, they force many out.

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Rhode Island

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Roger Williams beliefs differed from the Puritans and he was banished. He started a new colony and it was unique because it recognized the rights of Native Americans, and the government provided for religious toleration of Catholics, Quakers, and Jews. Anne Hutchinson is another 'rebel' who was put on trial and banished

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Connecticut

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Rev. Thomas Hooker disagreed with Massachusetts authority, and settles in Connecticut River Valley. Settlers write the first written constitution in US history, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) Legislature elected by people, governor elected by legislature

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New Hampshire

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Last of New England colonies. Separated from Massachusetts by King Charles to increase royal control in the colonies. The King chose a governor to rule the colony

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Mercandilism

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System for determining a country's military and political strength, included regulating trade in order to become self-sufficient. Country wanted fewer imports than exports. Colonies were seen as means to gain wealth by trade

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Navigation Acts

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1. Trade to and from colonies can only be done on English/Colonial built ships 2. Goods imported into the colonies can only pass through English ports 3.Certain goods could only be shipped to England

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Middle Colonies

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Great land for farming: \"Bread colonies\" exported grains, fruits, and veggies Economy also included shipbuilding and lumbering (not as much as New England Ethnically Diverse, often conflict among groups

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New York

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Originally settled by Dutch, known as New Netherlands, led by Peter Stuyvesant Charles II orders military removal of Dutch, Duke of York (Later James II) takes over, name changed to New York

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New Jersey

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Quaker settlement, royal colony

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Pennsylvania

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Settled by Quakers (Religious Society of Friends) Led by William Penn Treated Natives friendly Attracted settlers by promising religious and political freedom

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Delaware

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Lower counties of Pennsylvania given their own assembly

The English Colonies

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