the brain, The Cerebrum, Functions of the Endocrine System – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The __________ communicates with the cerebrum.
answer
thalamus
question
Regulating basic biological needs is a function of the __________.
answer
hypothalamus
question
The __________ is the main input center for most sensory information.
answer
thalamus
question
A large number of dopamine-releasing neurons are found in the __________.
answer
midbrain
question
Describe what the processes of the brain allow us to analyze and interact with, and identify the three main functions of the brain.
answer
Processes in the brain allow individuals to analyze the self and interact with the surrounding environment. Through our brain, we process neural input, coordinate movement, and reflect on our thoughts and behaviors.
question
identify the largest part of the forebrain and explain its structure and function.
answer
Responses will vary. A sample response follows: The largest part of the forebrain is the cerebrum. It is divided into two hemispheres, the left and right hemispheres. It contains the cerebral cortex, which is the outermost layer of the brain and is responsible for information processing. The cerebrum is considered the seat of complex thought and is responsible for integration of sensory and neural functions.
question
Assisting in coordination of movement, sleep, respiration, appetite, and facial sensations are functions of the __________.
answer
pons
question
All of the following are regulated by the hypothalamus except __________.
answer
heart and blood vessel activity
question
Information processing is a function of the __________.
answer
cerebral cortex
question
Regulating unconscious biological functions is a function of the __________.
answer
medulla
question
The __________ is the main control center for the autonomic nervous system.
answer
not d
question
Aiding in emotional processing and arousal functions are functions of the __________.
answer
not b
question
Organizing sensory input that guides movement is a function of the __________.
answer
cerebellum
question
Integrating sensory information and neural functions is a function of the _________
answer
not c
question
The outermost layer of the brain, the __________, is housed in the cerebrum.
answer
d
question
All of the following are regulated by the medulla except __________.
answer
not c
question
The __________ receives information from the visual and auditory senses.
answer
b
question
Which of the following regions of the brain is the largest?
answer
not b
question
Folding of the _________ allows for its __________-square-foot surface area to fit into the skull.
answer
cerebrum . . .1.5
question
The _________ contains approximately 200 million axons.
answer
corpus callosum
question
The primary motor cortex is located in the __________ lobe.
answer
frontal
question
Memory, problem solving, and multitasking are all functions of the __________ lobe.
answer
frontal
question
Located in front of the occipital lobe, the _________ lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex.
answer
parietal
question
The corpus callosum is the outermost layer of the cerebrum.
answer
false
question
Stimulation of the primary __________ cortex results in sensations similar to that of being touched on a part of one's body.
answer
somatosensory
question
Visual processing begins in the primary visual cortex, located in the the __________ lobe.
answer
occipital
question
The brain lobe associated most with processing visual information is the __________ lobe.
answer
occipital
question
The __________ is a thick band of axon fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain
answer
corpus callosum
question
The primary __________ cortex contains a map of the body based not on the size of body parts, but on the complexity and precision of movement in the body parts.
answer
motor
question
The areas for speech are found in the _________ and __________ lobes.
answer
temporal . . . frontal
question
The primary __________ cortex contains a map of the body based on the importance of sensory input from different parts of the body.
answer
somatosensory
question
Each hemisphere of the brain specializes in assisting various functions of the body.
answer
true
question
The primary __________ cortex specializes in receiving signals from different parts of the body.
answer
not b
question
The left hemisphere of the brain controls the right side of the body.
answer
true
question
Integration of visual input and monitoring the body's orientation in space are functions of the __________ lobe.
answer
not c
question
The somatosensory cortex is in the __________ lobe.
answer
parietal
question
The __________ lobe contains the area of the cortex involved in auditory processing called the primary __________ cortex.
answer
temporal . . . auditory
question
The corpus callosum is comprised of more than 200 million axons that connect the hemispheres of the brain.
answer
true
question
The parietal lobe is the portion of the cerebral cortex located below the temporal lobe.
answer
false
question
A(n) __________ scan maps brain activity over time.
answer
PET
question
Using _________ permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain.
answer
TMS
question
The formation of new neurons is called __________.
answer
neurogenesis
question
__________ helps us adapt to our environment. It also generally __________ with age.
answer
Plasticity . . . decreases
question
Found in 1861, __________ area was found during an autopsy, which revealed a lesion on the left __________ lobe of a patient who had an inability to speak.
answer
Broca's . . . frontal
question
Language, logic operations, and reading are all tasks primarily associated with the __________.
answer
LEFT HEMISPHERE
question
__________ produce a high-resolution, three-dimensional image.
answer
MRI AND FRMI
question
Found in 1874, __________ area was found during an autopsy, which revealed a lesion on the left __________ lobe of a patient who had incomprehensible speech and zero ability to comprehend written or spoken language.
answer
Wernicke's . . . temporal
question
The enlargement of the somatosensory area for dominant fingers in violin players is an example of the effects of __________ on brain plasticity.
answer
PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
question
During research with connected brain patients, researchers study __________, or left/right imbalances between cerebral hemispheres in visual or auditory processing speed.
answer
perceptual asymmetries
question
Neurogenesis has been seen in the __________ and in the __________.
answer
olfactory bulb . . . hippocampus
question
All of the following are issues with lesioning except its __________.
answer
AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY
question
The _________ hemisphere of the cerebrum is primarily associated with nonverbal processing.
answer
RIGHT
question
Researchers studying __________ observe behavioral changes in people with damage to specific brain areas.
answer
lesioning
question
Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) is used on humans during brain surgery to map out ___________.
answer
D
question
The area of the brain involved in production of speech is __________.
answer
Broca's area
question
Historically, the _________ was seen as the dominant __________ of the brain.
answer
NOT D
question
A(n) _________ scan uses radioactive markers in the blood to monitor blood flow and metabolic activity via x-ray
answer
PET
question
During EEG measurements, 6-10 electrodes are attached to the scalp and produce line drawings that represent _______
answer
BRAIN WAVES
question
The area of the brain involved with comprehension of speech is __________.
answer
Wernicke's area
question
Researchers performing __________ insert a weak electric current into the brain to stimulate it.
answer
ESB
question
__________ refers to the ability of the brain to change by reorganizing or generating new neural pathways.
answer
NOT B
question
When researchers create __________, they are destroying a piece of the brain.
answer
LESIONS
question
Which endocrine gland controls all other endocrine glands?
answer
pituitary gland
question
The __________ acts as the internal clock that controls sleep and waking cycles.
answer
pineal gland
question
Neurotransmitters bind to the __________ to initiate communication.
answer
neural receptor
question
The ___________ and __________ systems communicate to regulate body functioning.
answer
nervous and endocrine
question
All of the following are considered stress hormones except __________.
answer
estrogen
question
The chemical effect of the endocrine system is longer lasting than the chemical effect of the nervous system.
answer
true
question
Which of the following statements concerning functions of the growth hormone (GH) is correct?
answer
Abnormal amounts of the growth hormone can lead to developmental issues.
question
Which of the following statements about the reproductive glands is true?
answer
a
question
Which of the following statements concerning the endocrine system is not true?
answer
The endocrine system helps to regulate the nervous system.
question
Which of the following statements concerning the relationship between hormones and emotion is correct?
answer
Stress response hormones help prepare the body to cope with frightening situations.
question
The pituitary gland directly and indirectly regulates body growth.
answer
true
question
Describe two communication similarities between the nervous system and endocrine system.
answer
One communication similarity between the endocrine and nervous systems is that they both use homeostasis to help regulate body functioning in order to maintain proper balance, or equilibrium. Another communication similarity is that both the endocrine and nervous systems release specific chemicals to send messages throughout the body in order to initiate specific functions.
question
Describe the difference between a neurotransmitter and a hormone.
answer
The difference between a neurotransmitter and a hormone is that a neurotransmitter is the chemical that is released from a neuron in order to communicate with connecting neurons throughout the brain and body. A hormone is the chemical that is released from an endocrine gland in order to send messages through the bloodstream to specific locations throughout the body. Some of the same chemicals act as both neurotransmitters and hormones. The difference between the two lies in where the chemical is released in the body. If it is released from the end of a neuron, it is called a neurotransmitter. If the chemical is released from an endocrine gland into the bloodstream, it is called a hormone.
question
Describe two communication differences between the nervous system and endocrine system.
answer
One communication difference between the nervous system and endocrine system is that the nervous system emits both electrical and chemical signals, whereas the endocrine system emits only chemical signals. The nervous system also delivers fast communication between nerve cells, while the endocrine system sends messages more slowly through hormones. The endocrine system is regulated by the nervous system and the chemical effect of the endocrine system is often longer lasting. Furthermore, the endocrine system sends messages through the bloodstream and the nervous system sends messages through neurons and glia cells.
question
Briefly describe the relationship between hormones, emotion, and external behavior.
answer
Hormones appear to be influenced by emotion and external behavior. For example, one's activity level may increase the production of a hormone, just as hormones often influence the way an individual feels. Hormones are found to impact behavior indirectly through emotional experiences. For example, an individual may feel a specific way as a result of hormone fluctuations but not behave or act out accordingly. The interaction between the emotion and environment play a large role on how hormonal influences are expressed behaviorally. Hormone production also appears to influence various behaviors, such as cognitive ability or sleep patterns, directly. For example, as levels of specific hormones decline, a decrease in mental clarity may be noted and sleep patterns may be disrupted as well.
question
Which of the following statements concerning testosterone is not correct?
answer
not a not D
question
Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is not correct?
answer
not d
question
A hormone is an organ that secretes chemical substances into the bloodstream.
answer
false
question
Which of the following characteristics of the pineal gland is not correct?
answer
The pineal gland regulates salt and water levels.
question
Cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are also known as stress hormones.
answer
true
question
Which endocrine gland regulates immune system development?
answer
thymus
question
Both fear and excitement activate the release of norepinephrine in the body.
answer
tue
question
All of the following describe the image above except __________.
answer
hormone release
question
The orange dot in the above image represents the location of which endocrine gland?
answer
c
question
Both the nervous and endocrine systems send electrical and chemical signals for internal communication.
answer
false
question
Which of the following statements about the hypothalamus is not correct?
answer
not a
question
The hypothalamus sends messages through both the nervous system and the endocrine system.
answer
true
question
The reproductive glands in the body are also known as the gonads.
answer
true
question
The brain lobe that is mostly associated with processing auditory information is the temporal lobe.
answer
true
question
The __________ is the complex organ that enables people to complete many actions and processes.
answer
brain
question
The __________ is located under the forebrain and midbrain.
answer
hindbrain
question
The primary __________ cortex controls the movement of the muscles.
answer
motor
question
The __________ links the brain to the rest of the body.
answer
spinal cord
question
Gabe just won the lottery after ten years of consistently buying a ticket every Friday. Based on his initial reaction of feeling joyful, what might happen to Gabe's cortisol level within his body?
answer
cortisol would decrease
question
Which of the following statements about the nervous system is correct?
answer
The nervous system sends neurotransmitters to communicate internally.
question
The __________ is the most complex region of the brain.
answer
forebrain
question
The partial or complete severing of the corpus callosum occurs during __________ surgery.
answer
split brain
question
Facial recognition and emotional perception are all tasks that are primarily associated with the __________.
answer
right hemisphere
question
Slowing signals between neurons is a function of __________.
answer
inhibitory neurotransmitters
question
Extra neurotransmitters are absorbed into the presynaptic neuron through __________.
answer
reuptake
question
An individual who has encountered a large black bear while camping out in the woods with friends will most likely experience an increase in all of the following hormones except __________.
answer
progest
question
The __________ houses the nucleus and other cell parts.
answer
cell body
question
Stimulation of the primary __________ cortex results in sensations similar to that of being touched on a part of one's body.
answer
somasensory
