The Biological Perspective – Flashcards
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Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for vision?
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Occipital
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A decreased amount of this inhibitory neurotransmitter has been linked to increased levels of anxiety and Huntington's disease.
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GABA
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This system in the brain is responsible for controlling emotion and motivation, or the "Four F's".
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Limbic
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This lobe of the brain is responsible for our "executive functioning" (planning, motor control, reasoning, management of emotions, etc.).
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Frontal
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You undergo a type of brain imaging test that requires a small amount of radiation to be injected into your body in order to test blood flow to certain areas of the brain as you perform a task. You have most likely had what type of brain imaging test?
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PET Scan
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John has decided to start to learn how to wrestle. His first day at practice, a seasoned wrestler slams the back of his head to the mat. John was shaken and reported to the trainer that he "saw stars" after he hit his head. As a result of "seeing stars," John's ______ was temporarily affected as a result of the slam.
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Occipital lobe
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A chemical found in the synaptic vesicles which, when released, has an effect on the next cell is called a__________.
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Neurotransmitter
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The part of the neuron whose name literally means "branch" is ________.
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Dendrite
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The autonomic nervous system has two divisions called the __________ and the ____________.
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Sympathetic; parasympathetic
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Which of the following neurotransmitters functions as a common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
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GABA
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Which of the following regions contains the somatosensory cortex?
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Parietal Lobe
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The _______________ is a structure in the brain stem responsible for life-sustaining functions, such as breathing and heart rate.
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Medulla
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The brain and spinal cord are two components of the______.
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Central nervous system
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The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.
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Peripheral nervous system; central nervous system
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A specialized cell that makes up the nervous system that receives and sends messages within that system is called a _________.
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Neuron
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The two types of glial cells are called ________ and ________.
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Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells
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Which part of the brain is very small, but extremely powerful and controls the pituitary gland?
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Hypothalamus
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The fluid-filled space between the synaptic knob of one cell and the dendrites of the next cell is called the ___________.
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Synapse
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The function of the neuron's axon is to ______.
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Carry messages to other cells
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The saclike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals are called________.
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Synaptic vesicles
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Which of the following is the section of the brain located at the rear and bottom of each cerebral hemisphere and contains the visual centers of the brain?
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Occipital lobe
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If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the ___________ area of the brain.
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Hippocampus
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The part of the brain located just behind the temples, containing neurons responsible for the sense of hearing and meaningful speech, is called the ___________.
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Temporal lobes
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What is the term used to describe the rounded areas on the ends of the axon terminals?
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Synaptic knobs
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Rashad is in the hospital and is about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves placing him inside a magnetic field so that a computer can create three-dimensional images of his brain. What procedure is he about to undergo
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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The peripheral nervous system consists of the _______ and the ______ nervous systems.
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Autonomic; somatic
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Tracey has been unable to participate in her gymnastics class and is very uncoordinated since she was involved in an accident where she suffered a head injury. As a result of the accident, she was likely to have suffered damage to her ________________.
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Cerebellum
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The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that consists of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands is called the _________ nervous system.
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Autonomic
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What is the function of myelin?
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To speed up the nerual impulse
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The area at the back of the temporal lobe that is crucial in the ability to listen, process, and understand what others are saying is ______ area
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Wernicke's
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_________________________ are holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands that are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters.
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Receptor Sites
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Neurons make up ________% of the brain whereas glial cells make up ________%.
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10; 90
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______ plays a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract.
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Acetylcholine
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Which of the following lobes are involved in planning, memory, and personality?
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Frontal lobes
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Which endocrine gland controls all of the other endocrine glands?
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Pituitary
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Ali is in the hospital about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves taking many X-rays from different angles aided by the use of a computer. What type of imaging technique is being used?
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Computed tomography (CT)
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Which neurotransmitter is associated with sleep, mood, and appetite?
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Serotonin
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Which of the following brain structures is located near the hippocampus and is responsible for fear responses and memory of fear?
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Amygdala
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After being bitten by a black widow spider, Jean starts to convulse. This is a result of _____.
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A flood of acetylcholine releasing into the body's muscle system
