question

Police regularly prevent crime, investigate crimes and apprehend criminal, maintain order and provide service. These activities would define them as a:

answer

General Service law enforcement agency.

question

All police officers are peace officers, but all peace officers are not police officers. The legal status of peace officers is defined by:

answer

Statute

question

One of the most enduring myths about policing is the police:

answer

Crime fighter image.

question

The belief that crime scene investigators play a major role in investigating and solving crimes is known as the:

answer

CSI Effect.

question

One of the most important factors shaping the police role is:

answer

The authority to use force.

question

Police contribute to social control through both:

answer

Law enforcement and order maintenance.

question

In order to carry out their responsibilities, police are heavily dependent upon:

answer

Citizens.

question

The decision by a police officer to make an arrest initiates most criminal cases. This factor makes police the __________ of the criminal justice system.

answer

Gate keepers

question

One of the more popular approaches to policing which alters the basic organizational philosophy is known as:

answer

Community Policing.

question

The policing approach that concentrates on relatively minor quality of life issues and said to contribute to a significant reduction in serious crime is known as:

answer

Zero Tolerance Policing.

question

Policing is extremely complex, involving difficult questions about:

answer

All of these.

question

Only about ____________ of police officers activities are devoted to criminal enforcement.

answer

one-third

question

The emphasis on crime fighting also creates unrealistic public expectations about the ability of the police to:

answer

catch criminals and prevent crime.

question

Movies and television shows strengthen the impression that all police are highly successful in solving crimes, when in fact only _____percent of all reported index crimes are solved.

answer

20

question

The reality of policing is that the police play an extremely:

answer

complex role by dealing with social issues of crime.

question

One of the most important aspects of policing is that officers exercise enormous amounts of ________ in handling various situations.

answer

discretion

question

People call the police because they want an officer to:

answer

settle problems, restore calm, arrest or remove someone from the home.

question

The police are part of the system of:

answer

social control.

question

The police task is to:

answer

maintain the free flow of traffic while maintaining order.

question

Police depend upon the public to:

answer

all of these

question

Before we had the modern police, citizens were the primary agents of social control. How was behavior regulated?

answer

comments, warnings, and rebukes

question

What is the community policing movement attempting to accomplish?

answer

to restore and develop the citizen role as co-producers of police services

question

What police action initiates most criminal cases?

answer

the decision to make an arrest

question

What does our political system ensure where the police are concerned?

answer

public control and accountability of the police

question

Attitudes toward the police are influenced by people's attitudes toward the:

answer

political system.

question

American policing is a product of:

answer

English heritage.

question

Almost every other country in the world has a centralized, national police force. In American policing there is a tradition of:

answer

Local control.

question

The "father" of modern policing is known as:

answer

Robert Peel.

question

The early method of policing used to guard against fires, crime, and disorder throughout different parts of the day was known as the:

answer

Watch.

question

During the political era of American policing, local politicians rewarded their friends with jobs on the police force. This practice was known as:

answer

Patronage.

question

The failure of police reform is attributed to:

answer

Police corruption.

question

The "father" of American police professionalism is known as:

answer

August Vollmer.

question

A new but important figure in American law enforcement appointed as the Director of the Bureau of Investigation was known as:

answer

J. Edgar Hoover.

question

One of the more famous studies testing the effect of different levels of patrol on crime challenging the traditional assumptions about policing was the:

answer

Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment.

question

The policing strategy that police should develop partnerships with neighborhood residents, develop programs for specific problems, lower the decision making is known as:

answer

Community Policing.

question

In the nineteenth century, the one major component that influenced every aspect of American policing was:

answer

politics

question

The romanticized public image of police officers in the nineteenth century is actually:

answer

inaccurate.

question

In response to the rise of crime and violence against police officers in the late nineteenth century, the police were issued as standard equipment:

answer

firearms.

question

During the nineteenth century, a major issue for political reformers of police was:

answer

corruption.

question

In the twentieth century, the two principal forces that underwent dramatic change were:

answer

police professionalism and communications technology.

question

Which of the following statements characterizes the professionalization movement of police reform through the 1960s?

answer

all of these

question

Although professionalization introduced a number of changes in policing, one of the forgotten entities remained the:

answer

rank and file officer.

question

One of the most dramatic expressions of the new police subculture was the emergence of:

answer

police unions.

question

The two most important law enforcement agencies that appeared before World War I were:

answer

the state police and Federal Bureau of Investigation.

question

Communications technologies like the two-way radio and the telephone changed policing by:

answer

changing the nature of police-citizen contacts and police management.

question

The requirement that police officers advise criminal suspects of their rights before interrogation was established by which Supreme Court case?

answer

Miranda v. Arizona

question

Which U.S. Supreme Court case, decided in 1961, established that evidence gathered in an illegal search and seizure could not be used against the defendant?

answer

Mapp v. Ohio

question

The 1972 police research experiment that tested the effect of different levels of patrols and challenged the basic assumptions about the effect of patrolling on crime was known as the:

answer

Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment.

question

The study of criminal investigation examining the traditional methods of investigations and detective work was known as the:

answer

Rand Corporation study.

question

The purpose of the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) is to:

answer

offer a process to improve the quality of policing.

question

The primary responsibility for police protection rests with which level of government?

answer

Cities and counties

question

There is no formal, centralized system for coordinating or regulating all of the different law enforcement agencies. This decentralization is known as:

answer

Fragmentation.

question

The distinction between a law enforcement agency's approved allotment of officers and the number of officers currently employed is known as:

answer

Authorized strength.

question

The process of replacing sworn officers with non-sworn personnel for certain positions is known as the process of:

answer

Civilianization.

question

The measure for the level of police in a community expressed as the number of sworn officers per thousand residents is known as:

answer

Police-Population ratio.

question

The authors list two major remedies for the process of fragmentation. They are:

answer

Consolidation and contracting.

question

City police are the most important component of law enforcement system as they:

answer

Represent the majority of all law enforcement agencies.

question

Sheriff's have a unique role in that they serve all three components of the criminal justice system:

answer

Law enforcement, courts, and corrections.

question

The office of Coroner/Medical Examiner is considered a law enforcement agency because the office has the responsibility to:

answer

Investigate crimes.

question

What is the most common administrative arrangement concerning the police agencies of Indian tribes?

answer

Agencies are created under the Indian Self Determination and Education Assistance Act.

question

What act is responsible for launching the largest government reorganization in recent decades?

answer

the Homeland Security Act

question

What is the most important feature of the law enforcement industry?

answer

the tradition of local political control

question

Why is it important to take an industry perspective on policing?

answer

The approach provides a comprehensive picture of all the different producers of police services.

question

Why are most departments below their authorized strength?

answer

This is due to retirements, resignations, and terminations.

question

The annual average attrition rate for police is about five percent. Why, then, is hiring often delayed?

answer

Delays allow the city or county to cope with budget shortfalls.

question

Why are civilians often utilized in police work?

answer

Civilians are less expensive than sworn officers.

question

What does most of a police agency's budget go toward?

answer

personnel costs

question

What is generally considered the most important component in American law enforcement?

answer

municipal police

question

What are county police departments?

answer

municipal police that operate on a countywide basis

question

Why is the legal status of the sheriff unique?

answer

In most states it is a constitutional office.

question

In what way do sheriffs have a unique role?

answer

They serve all three components of the criminal justice system.

question

What factors have contributed to the eradication of most of a constable's function?

answer

urbanization and growth of city departments

question

Why is the office of the coroner or medical examiner often considered a law enforcement agency?

answer

They have the responsibility to investigate crimes.

question

What authority do most campus police in large universities have?

answer

They have general arrest powers.

question

Which of the following is not a category of state law enforcement agencies?

answer

state guards

question

American law enforcement agencies are organized along quasi-military lines. This means:

answer

The police resemble the military in some but not all respects.

question

The main criticism of the quasi-military style is the:

answer

The cultivation of an "us versus them" attitude.

question

The typical police department has a complex hierarchical structure and an authoritarian management style also known as a:

answer

Bureaucracy.

question

Community policing is an alternative to the traditional form of policing. The decision place greater responsibility on officers to become more responsive to neighborhood residents is known as the process to:

answer

Decentralize.

question

A type of structure of police organizations consisting of officers from different ranks within the same agency is known as a:

answer

Task Force.

question

The management program that uses technology as an organizational tool to achieve crime control through accountability is known as:

answer

COMPSTAT.

question

The guide for procedures governing personnel decisions which is a set of formal and binding procedures is called:

answer

Civil service system.

question

An organization legally authorized to represent police officers in collective bargaining with their employer is called a:

answer

Police Union.

question

The method of determining conditions of employment through bilateral negotiations is known as:

answer

Collective Bargaining.

question

Within almost all police departments there are "cliques," or informal networks of officers. What is the reason that horizontal cliques were created?

answer

to protect officers from supervisory oversight and accountability

question

In which way do the police resemble the military?

answer

The organizational style of the police is authoritarian.

question

Why do many experts believe the quasi-military style is inappropriate for police?

answer

It encourages the philosophy of the police fighting a "war on crime."

question

The degree to which police have specialized units is dependent on:

answer

the size of the department.

question

Which of the following is a criticism of the bureaucratic form of police organization?

answer

It is inflexible and too rigid.

question

Why are bureaucracies often accused of being too self-serving and inward-looking?

answer

Organizational self-protection and survival often take precedence over the goals of the organization.

question

The control of police discretion and the reduction of misconduct have been achieved through bureaucratic principles using the technique called:

answer

administrative rulemaking.

question

There are two schools of thought on how to improve police organizations. The dominant school accepts the basic principles of the organization and seeks to apply them more effectively. Which of the following is an example of this approach?

answer

This approach seeks to gain greater control of discretion through written rules.

question

How does the community policing approach attempt to modify a police organization?

answer

through de-bureaucratization

question

What is the purpose of implementing total quality management (TQM) in police departments?

answer

to emphasize participative management and shared decision making.

question

Interagency task forces address what problem of the traditional police organizational structure?

answer

The task forces increase the likelihood that innovations will be accepted within the organization.

question

Which of the following is not an advantage of multi-agency task forces?

answer

They allow low-ranking officers to make intelligent decisions about policing policy.

question

What is the benefit of police departments becoming a "learning organizations"?

answer

Police develop the capacities to develop and implement changes according to their needs.

question

Under COMPSTAT, how is crime control achieved?

answer

by holding commanders accountable

question

What are civil service procedures?

answer

formal and legally binding procedures governing personnel decisions

question

What is the purpose of civil service?

answer

to ensure that personnel decisions are based on objective criteria

Peace Officers and Police: Defined by Statute

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