question

College Students report having consumed alcohol in the past 30 days.

answer

70%

question

What percentage of college students have engaged in binge drinking?

answer

1/2 or 50%

question

What percentage of college students who drink report having a negative consequence in the past year?

answer

1/2 or 50%

question

Percentage of students report having done something they regret after drinking.

answer

31%

question

Binge drinking for men.

answer

Five or more drinks within 2 hours.

question

Binge drinking for women.

answer

Four or more drinks within 2 hours.

question

Binge drinking

answer

A patter of drinking alcohol that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08 gram-percent or above.

question

Leading cause of death among 18-24 year-olds.

answer

Unintentional injuries. Alcohol is the leading contributor to these deaths.

question

Number one cause of preventable death among college students.

answer

Consumption of alcohol.

question

Amount of college students that die each year due to alcohol-related unintentional injuries.

answer

1,825 college students

question

Pre-gaming

answer

strategy of drinking heavily at home before going out to an event or other location; it has become increasingly common on college campuses.

question

BACCHUS

answer

(Boost Alcohol Consciousness Concerning the Health of University Students) is a student organization aimed at promoting responsible drinking and party hosting.

question

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)

answer

\"intoxicating substance\" - An addictive drug produced by fermentation and found in many beverages.

question

Fermentation

answer

Yeast organisms break down plant sugars to yield ethanol and carbon dioxide.

question

Distillation

answer

The process whereby mash is subjected to high temperatures to release alcohol vapors, which are then condensed and mixed with water to make the final product.

question

\"Standard drink\"

answer

Term used to refer the amount of any beverage that contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol (about 0.6 fluid ounce or 1.2 tablespoons).

question

Proof

answer

The measure of the percentage of alcohol in that beverage.

question

Standard Drink for Beer

answer

12 oz=1 16 oz=1.3 22 oz=2 40 oz=3.3

question

Standard Drink for Malt Liquor

answer

12 oz=1.5 16 oz=2 22 oz=2.5 40 oz=4.5

question

Standard Drink for Table Wine

answer

750 mL (25 oz) bottle= 5

question

80 proof spirits

answer

mixed drink= 1 or more pint=11 fifth=17 1.75L (59 oz)= 39

question

20% of alcohol diffuses through:

answer

The stomach lining into the bloodstream

question

80% of alcohol passes through:

answer

The lining of the upper third of the small intestine

question

Amount of calories in alcohol

answer

7 calories per gram

question

Alcohol is metabolized in:

answer

The liver where it is converted by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde, which is a toxic chemical that can cause nausea and vomiting as well as liver damage.

question

Pyloric valve

answer

Opening from the stomach into the small intestine is relaxed by carbonation and causes contents to be emptied into small intestine faster.

question

Typical drink contains how many calories

answer

150 calories

question

Percentage of college students combining alcohol and energy drinks:

answer

Over 28%.White male students, athletes, fraternity or sorority or pledge members, and younger students are more likely to consume alcohol-mixed energy drinks.

question

Learned Behavioral Tolerance

answer

A person learns to modify their behavior to appear sober despite a high BAC

question

BAC depends on:

answer

Weight and body fat, the water content in body tissues, the concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed, the rate of consumption, and the volume of alcohol consumed.

question

Women are more likely than men to:

answer

Become more intoxicated after drinking the same amount of alcohol due to a higher percentage of body fat and less water in the body tissues.

question

Cure for a hangover

answer

There is no cure for a hangover. Bed rest, solid food, and aspirin may help relieve some of its discomforts—nausea, headache, and thirst—but the only way to deal with hangovers is to abstain from excessive alcohol use in the first place.

question

The most immediate and dramatic effects of alcohol consumption occur within the:

answer

Central Nervous System (CNS)

question

Number of hours to recover from a hangover:

answer

12 hours

question

Liver Disease

answer

One of the most common diseases related to alcohol abuse.

question

Antithrombotic Effect

answer

Alcohol affects the cardiovascular system.

question

Alcohol abuse also leads to:

answer

Inflammation of the pancreas Digestive enzymes and insulin Interference with immunity Blocked absorption of calcium

question

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

answer

Physical and mental impairments (mental retardation, small head, tremors and abnormalities of face, limbs, heart and brain)

question

Consumption during the first trimester may affect:

answer

Organ development

question

Consumption during the last trimester may affect:

answer

CNS development.

question

Percentage of college students reported that they had driven under the influence of alcohol.

answer

25% of college students reported that they had driven under the influence of alcohol.

question

Leading cause of death for persons from 5-65:

answer

Traffic accidents. 32% of which are alcohol related.

question

Chances of being involved in an alcohol-related accident.

answer

3 out 10 Americans at some point in their lives

question

Riskiest time to be involved in an alcohol-related accident.

answer

Between midnight and 3 AM.

question

Alcohol Abuse

answer

drinking that interferes with work, school, social and family relationships, or entails violation of the law.

question

Alcoholism

answer

condition that results when personal and health problems related to alcohol use are severe and stopping alcohol use causes withdrawal symptoms. craving, loss of control, physical dependence, and tolerance.

question

Signs of impending problems with alcohol:

answer

1. Drinking alone or secretively 2. Using alcohol deliberately and repeatedly to perform or get through difficult situations 3. Feeling uncomfortable on occasions when alcohol is not available 4. Escalating alcohol consumption beyond an already established drinking pattern 5. Consuming alcohol heavily in risky situations, such as before driving 6. Getting drunk regularly or more frequently than in the past 7. Drinking in the morning or at other unusual times

question

Percentage of college students that meet the criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol abuse.

answer

19% of college students meet the criteria.

question

Who can be an alcoholic?

answer

Alcoholics can be found at all socioeconomic levels and in all professions, ethnic groups, geographical locations, religions, and races.

question

Biological and family factors of Alcoholism

answer

Alcoholism is 4 to 8 times more common among individuals who have a family history of alcoholism.

question

Men as alcoholics:

answer

Become alcoholics usually start drinking early in life and are identified as alcoholics by their thirties or forties.

question

Women as alcoholics:

answer

Become alcoholics at later ages and with fewer years of drinking. They are less likely than men to seek treatment. 50 to 100 percent higher death rate.

question

Family hero:

answer

Tries to divert attention from the problem by being too good to be true

question

Scapegoat:

answer

Draws attention away from the family's primary problem through delinquency or misbehavior

question

Lost child:

answer

Becomes passive and quietly withdraws from upsetting situations

question

Mascot:

answer

Disrupts tense situations by providing comic relief

question

Amount spent on Alcohol-related costs to society, including health insurance costs, criminal justice costs, treatment costs, and lost productivity.

answer

$185 billion

question

Cost of Underage Drinking

answer

$61.9 billion annually.

question

Alcoholic Relapse

answer

Over ½ relapse within the first 3 months.

question

Addiction

answer

Persistent, compulsive dependence on a behavior or substance, including mood-altering behaviors or activities, despite ongoing negative consequences.

question

Substance addiction

answer

refers to dependence on a specific substance.

question

Process addiction

answer

refers to dependence on a behavior.

question

Compulsion, characterized by Obsession

answer

Excessive preoccupation with an addictive object or behavior

question

Loss of control

answer

Inability to predict reliably whether an isolated occurrence of the behavior will be healthy or damaging

question

Negative Consequences

answer

Physical damage, legal trouble, and financial problems

question

Denial

answer

Inability to see that the behavior is destructive

question

Enablers

answer

Knowingly or unknowingly protect addicts from the consequences of their behaviors. Generally unaware that their behaviors support the addict.

question

Codependents

answer

Self-defeating relationship pattern in which a person is \"addicted to the addict.\" Assume responsibility for meeting other's needs and typically ignore their needs. Primary enabler.

question

Nurturing through avoidance

answer

Happens when a person repeatedly seeks the illusion of relief by avoiding unpleasant feelings or situations.

question

Mood-altering substances and experiences:

answer

Produce tolerance, where ever-larger dosing is required to achieve the desired effect.

question

Withdrawal

answer

occurs when the drug or experience is removed.

question

Social Learning Theory

answer

Proposes that people learn behaviors by watching role models. The effects of this modeling, imitation, and identification with behavior from early childhood is well establishsed.

question

Disordered or Pathological Gambling

answer

Compulsion to gamble even when facing devastating consequences.

question

Compulsive Buying Disorder

answer

Compulsive buying can be seasonal or may occur when a person is depressed or lonely.

question

Technology Addictions

answer

Computer, E-mail, Networking websites, Games, Shopping, Blogging, Personal digital assistants (PDAs), Cell phones, Video games

question

Exercise Addictions

answer

people who exercise compulsively to try to meet needs of nurturance, intimacy, self-esteem, and self-competency. Women are typically more prone to this.

question

Sexual Addiction

answer

results from confusing the intensity of physical arousal with intimacy.

question

Percentage of people with multiple addictions:

answer

60% of people in treatment have problems with more than one addiction. The figure may be as high as 75% for people addicted to chemicals.

question

Intervention

answer

planned process of confronting the addict by people who are important to the addict, including his or her spouse, family members, boss, and friends.

question

Treatment for addiction generally begins with:

answer

Abstinence and then detoxification. Finding a quality treatment program can be an important part of addiction recovery. Combination of counseling and 12-step programs

question

Relapse

answer

An isolated occurrence or a full return to addictive behavior. It should not be interpreted as failure but rather be met with a response to remind the addict that he or she is addicted and needs to return to treatment.

question

About ____ million Americans report using tobacco products at least once a month.

answer

71 million

question

Each year, ______ deaths are due to tobacco related diseases

answer

1 in 5

question

Every day, _______ people under age 18 become regular smokers.

answer

1,000 people

question

More than ____ percent of Americans are former smokers.

answer

20%

question

Nicotine Addiction:

answer

Tolerance to nicotine develops almost immediately and causes nicotine poisoning. Dizziness, light headedness, rapid pulse, etc.

question

Behavioral dependence:

answer

Psychological dependence results in comfort. Paired associations

question

Weight Control

answer

Nicotine is an appetite depressant and elevates metabolism.

question

Men 25-44 are most likely to:

answer

smoke cigarettes.

question

What percentage of women 18-64 are smokers?

answer

21%

question

Adults with a bachelor of arts degree or higher:

answer

Are three times less likely to smoke than those with less than a high school education.

question

Highest rates of smoking:

answer

Non-Hispanic black men, American Indian men, and Alaska Native men.

question

Between _____ and ____ percent of people have tried a cigarette, but only some people get hooked.

answer

60% - 80%

question

Tobacco Advertising: Cost

answer

$36 million per day on advertising and promotional materials.

question

Tobacco Advertising: Targeting

answer

Campaigns are directed at all age, social, and ethnic groups, but much of the advertising has been directed toward teenagers, who constitute 90% of all new smokers. Recently been directed even more specifically to women

question

Financial Costs to Society for Tobacco

answer

Healthcare costs related to tobacco use are estimated at $193 billion annually.

question

Nicotine

answer

The major primary stimulant chemical in tobacco products and is highly addictive. It is a powerful central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, which produces a varietof negative physiological effects.

question

Tar

answer

The thick, brownish sludge condensed from particulate matter in smoked tobacco. It contains cancer-causing agents such as benzopyrene and carcinogens such as phenol.

question

Carbon Monoxide

answer

A gas found in cigarette smoke that binds at oxygen receptor sites in the blood. It reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells, which causes oxygen deprivation in many body tissues.

question

Cigarettes

answer

The most common form of tobacco available today

question

Chewing Tobacco

answer

contains tobacco leaves treated with molasses and other flavorings and comes in forms of loose leaf, plug, or in a pouch.

question

Dipping

answer

is a similar method where the tobacco is placed between the lower lip and teeth to stimulate the flow of saliva and release the nicotine.

question

Snuff

answer

a finely ground form of tobacco, can be inhaled, chewed, or placed inside the gums.

question

Bidis

answer

are small, hand-rolled, flavored cigarettes that look similar to a marijuana joint or clove cigarette, have no filter, and produce more carbon monoxide, nicotine, and tar than cigarettes. They also lack any sort of filter to lessen the levels.

question

Pipes and Hookahs

answer

have a long history throughout the world, and while many think that they are safer than cigarettes, they are not risk-free options. Pipe smoking carries with it similar risks to cigar smoking. Hookahs are gaining in popularity but also pose harmful risks when used for smoking, as well as hygiene and sanitation concerns.

question

Cigars

answer

Cigar smoke contains 23 poisons and 43 carcinogens, and most cigars contain as much nicotine as several cigarettes. Nicotine also can be absorbed through the mucous membranes in the mouth.

question

Number of deaths from cancer, heart, disease, and respiratory disorders because of smoking.

answer

1,200

question

Cancer and Tobacco

answer

The American Cancer Society estimates that smoking causes 85% to 90% of lung cancers and 87% of lung cancer deaths.

question

It is estimated that _____ percent of oral cancer cases resulted from tobacco use in 2010.

answer

75%

question

Over a ______ of tobacco-related deaths occur from some form of heart disease.

answer

Over 1/3

question

Smokers have a ______ higher death rate from heart disease than do nonsmokers.

answer

70%

question

Chronic Bronchitis

answer

develops when smoking causes inflammation in the lungs producing excess mucous, which causes a chronic, hacking cough.

question

Emphysema

answer

a chronic condition where alveoli are destroyed, impairing the lungs' ability to take in and distribute oxygen. Approximately 80 percent of all cases of are related to cigarette smoking. There is no cure, and the damage is irreversible.

question

Male Smokers

answer

are two times more likely than nonsmokers to suffer from impotence. This could indicate oncoming cardiovascular disease.

question

Smoking during pregnancy contributes to:

answer

low-birth-weight babies, preterm deliveries, and infant deaths, among other serious problems.

question

__________ are more heavily exposed to ETS than adults

answer

Children. Children under the age of 5 are at greatest health risks from sidestream smoke.

question

Receptor Site Theory

answer

Drugs bind to specific receptor within the body. Psychoactive drugs can alter mood or behavior by acting on neurotransmitters in the brain.

question

Polydrug Use

answer

several substances are taken simultaneously

question

Synergism

answer

The effects of two or more drugs are multiplied beyond what is expected if each were taken alone

question

Antagonism

answer

Where one drug blocks the action of another drug because they work at the same receptor site

question

Inhibition

answer

Where the effects of one drug are eliminated or reduced by the presence of another drug

question

Cross-tolerance

answer

Where tolerance to one drug transfers to a second drug

question

Drug Misuse

answer

using a drug for a purpose other than that for which it was intended.

question

Drug Abuse

answer

The excessive use of any drug, may cause serious harm.

question

The most likely candidates for abuse are:

answer

Teens, young adults, and people over aged 65.

question

Only ________ is more widely abused than prescription drugs.

answer

marijuana

question

Over ____ million Americans have used prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons.

answer

48 million

question

The prescription drugs most likely to be abused include:

answer

Opioids/narcotics, depressants, and stimulants.

question

__________ can be as unsafe or even more unsafe that illegal drugs.

answer

Prescription Drugs

question

____ of students say they had used Vicodin in the last year and ____ had used OxyContin without a prescription.

answer

7% and 4%

question

Schedule I Drugs

answer

Highly addictive. No medical use.

question

Schedule II Drugs

answer

High potential to be addictive. Restricted medical use.

question

Schedule III Drugs

answer

Some potential to be addictive. Accepted medical use.

question

Schedule IV Drugs

answer

Low potential to be addictive. Accepted medical use.

question

Schedule V Drugs

answer

Lowest potential to be addictive. Accepted medical use.

question

The road to recovery is _________.

answer

Life-long

question

Most drugs affect the:

answer

Rewards system of the brain by by-passing normal information processing. This affects neurotransmitters.

question

Habit

answer

Can be broken without too much discomfort

question

Addiction/Compulsion

answer

Hard to quit.

question

Glamorized in music and literature

answer

Heroin

question

Types of Drugs

answer

Stimulants, Marijuana, Opiates, Psychedelics, Deliriants , Designer Drugs, Inhalants.

question

Women who die of smoking-related disease lose how many years of potential life?

answer

14.5 years

question

Men who die of smoking-related disease lose how many years of potential life?

answer

13 years

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