2nd Century Bce Flashcards, test questions and answers
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2nd Century Bce
Course(s) In English
English/Language Arts 3 (11Th Grade)
Grammar: APPOSITIVES & APPOSITIVE PHRASES – Flashcards 30 terms
30 terms
Preview
Grammar: APPOSITIVES & APPOSITIVE PHRASES – Flashcards
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APPOSITIVE
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a noun or pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identity or describe it; commas are generally used with appositives that refer to proper nouns
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APPOSITIVE
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a word or phrase that describes the word before it
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The cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was the first person in space.
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Yuri Gagarin [The noun "Yuri Gagarin" identifies the noun cosmonaut.]
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I chose one person, her, to organize the volunteers.
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her [The pronoun "her" refers to the noun person.]
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commas are generally used with appositives that refer to proper nouns Rachel Carlson, a biologist and writer, published the book Silent Spring in 1962.
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[The nouns "biologist" and "writer" describe the proper noun Rachel Carlson. The noun "Silent Spring" identifies the common noun book.]
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APPOSITIVE PHRASE
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consists of an appositive and its modifiers
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Officer Webb, one of the security guards, caught the burglar.
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one of the security guards [The adjective phrase "of the security guards" modifies the appositive "one".]
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Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian painter known for his artworks, was an architect, engineer, and scientist.
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an Italian painter known for his artworks [The article "an", the adjective "Italian", and the participial phrase "known for his artworks" modify the appositive "painter".]
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Appositives and appositive phrases that are not essential to the meaning of the sentence are set off by commas. If the appositive is essential to the meaning, it is generally not set off by commas. (flip card)
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My sister, Lana, has blond hair. [The writer has only one sister. The appositive is not essential to identify the sister. Because the information is nonessential, it is set off by commas.] My sister Lana has blond hair. [The writer has more than one sister. The appositive is necessary to tell which sister is meant. Because this information is essential to the meaning of the sentence, it is not set off by commas.]
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Joey, a nice person, ate pizza.
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a nice person
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Our grammar elf, the teacher, left school.
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the teacher
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Emma's dog, Zach, ate too much.
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Zach
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Emma's dog Zach ate too much.
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Zach
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The girl, who won the award, bit Judah.
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who won the award
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We watched the movie Girls Rule.
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Girls Rule
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Preston, a really stupid person, is really ugly.
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a really stupid person
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I think Judah watched the movie Girls Rule and Boys Suck!
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Girls Rule and Boys Suck
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Identify the appositive and appositive phrases and give word or words it describes or modifies.
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My dog, the mutt with the floppy ears, can do tricks.
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the mutt with the floppy ears - dog
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Tacos, one of the most popular Mexican dishes, is served here.
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one of the most popular Mexican dishes - tacos
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My twin, Daniel, rode in a Mardi Gras parade.
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Daniel - twin
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Those two men, a truck driver and a sailor, helped my father push the car off the road.
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a truck driver and a sailor - men
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I'll have a sandwich, tuna salad on rye bread, please.
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tuna salad on rye bread - sandwich
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Miguel has the same class, American History, this afternoon.
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American History - class
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Barbara Jordan, one of my heroes, was a strong champion of both civil and human rights.
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one of my heroes - Barbara Jordan
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Shelley asked everyone where her friend Bianca had gone.
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Bianca - friend
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Somebody reported the hazard, a pile of trash containing broken bottles, to the police.
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a pile of trash containing broken bottles - hazard
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Be sure to bring exact change, fifty cents.
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fifty cents - change
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They sang the song "I've Been Working on the Railroad" over and over all the way down the path.
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"I've Been Working on the Railroad" - song
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Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico, is a major tourist center.
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the capital of New Mexico - Santa Fe
2nd Century Bce
English/Language Arts 3 (11Th Grade)
Grammar: The Appositive and Appositive Phrase – Flashcards 18 terms
18 terms
Preview
Grammar: The Appositive and Appositive Phrase – Flashcards
question
Read the sentence below and complete the instruction that follows. As a child, Maria Mitchell studied astronomy with her father William Mitchell, an amateur astronomer. Identify the word or phrase that the underlined appositive phrase renames.
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William Mitchell
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Read the sentence below and complete the instruction that follows. Polaris, the current polar star to the north, has assisted many navigators in determining latitude, which is crucial to sea travel. Identify the appositive or appositive phrase.
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The current polar star to the north
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An appositive phrase is a word group that _____________.
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renames a noun or pronoun
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Read the sentence below and complete the instruction that follows. Famed astronomer Galileo began using a telescope to explore the mysteries of space and make discoveries that religious leaders of his time frowned upon. Identify the essential appositive.
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Famed astronomer (wrong)
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Read the sentence below and complete the instruction that follows. Astronomer Maria Mitchell discovered a comet in 1847 and went on to become the first professional female astronomer in the United States. Identify the essential appositive.
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Astronomer (wrong)
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Read the sentence below and complete the instruction that follows. I left home with James, my older brother, and our friend John, both a year older than I, to go to the town of Springfield to participate in our friend's talent show. What information is shared with the reader through the appositive and appositive phrase used in the sentence?
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The reader learns both that the narrator has an older brother, and his brother and John are older.
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Read the sentence below and complete the instruction that follows. The crater, estimated to be 50,000 years old, was the result of a meteorite, a mass of stone or metal, crashing into Earth. Identify the word that the underlined appositive phrase renames.
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Meteorite.
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Read the sentence below and complete the instruction that follows. My sister, Jasmine, plans to attend college and major in astronomy. Identify the appositive.
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My sister (wrong)
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Read the sentence below and complete the instruction that follows. Student Lucinda Gonzalez studies the composition of black holes that are located in the Milky Way. Identify the appositive or appositive phrase.
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Student (wrong)
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Read the sentence below and complete the instruction that follows. A white dwarf, a dense dead star, burns through its hydrogen before it can grow into a supernova. Identify the nonessential appositive phrase.
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A dense dead star.
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Appositive
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A noun or pronoun used to identify or rename another noun or pronoun.
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Appositive Phrase
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A group of words containing an appositive and any modifiers.
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Essential vs. Nonessential
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Essential: required for reader to understand meaning in context. (Ex. The respected astronomer [Andrea Ghez] believes the unusual speed of stars near the Galactic Center occurs because of the gravitational pull of a black hole.) Nonessential: not required for meaning, but provides interesting detail. (Ex. Andrea Ghez, [a respected astronomer], believes the unusual speed of stars near the Galactic Center occurs because of the gravitational pull of a black hole.)
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Use appositives and appositive phrases to:
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- Combine short and choppy sentences - Clarify terminology for your reader.
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An appositive is a(n) _________ used to identify or rename a noun or pronoun.
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Noun or pronoun
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A(n) _________ phrase is set apart by commas.
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Nonessential
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Read the sentence below and complete the instruction that follows. The familiar constellation Sagittarius is near the Galactic Center of the Milky Way. Identify the appositive in the sentence.
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Sagittarius
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Read the sentence below and complete the instruction that follows. The familiar constellation Sagittarius is near the Galactic Center of the Milky Way. Which word does the appositive rename?
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Constellation.
2nd Century Bce
Art Appreciation
Art History
Chapter 16/17 – Flashcards 33 terms
33 terms
Preview
Chapter 16/17 – Flashcards
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krater
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the vessels handled shape used for mixing ceremonial beverages
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classical art
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emphasizes rational simplicity, order and restrained emotion
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Venus De Medici
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this figure represents feminine ideal and influenced many works
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Roman copy of a Hellenistic work
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Lacoon Group
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Roman Culture affected
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1) system of law and government 2) calendar 3) festivals 4) religion 5) languages
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catacombs
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underground burial chambers
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Byzantine Art
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featured imaginative stone carvings that are an intergral part of the architecture
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Romanesque Churches
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Romanesque
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a style of European architecture from the 9th to the 12th centuries with round arches and barrel vaults
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Gothic
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a style in Western Europe characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses
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basilica
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Roman town hall with 3 aisles and an apse at one or both ends. Christians used this form for their churches.
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Humanism
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philisophical, literary, and artistic movement
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Giotto Di Bondone "Lamentation"
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portrayed feelings and physical nature of human beings. his innovative depictions of light, space, and mass, gave a new sense of realism.
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genre paintings
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depict everday life
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Baroque
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17th century period in Europe characterized in the visual arts by dramatic light and shade, turbulent composition, and pronounced emotional expression
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Renaissance
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a renewed interest in human-centered classical art, literature, and learning
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Rococo
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a style used in interior decoration and painting in france and southern germany using small scale, oranate decoration, pastel colors, asymmetrical curves
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Foreshortening
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In The Conversion of Saint Paul, Caravaggio created drama though the high contrast of lights and dark and the use of extreme
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Counter- Reformation
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Many Baroque characteristics developed as propaganda for the
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Roman Culture
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Portrait Head of an Old Man is an example of
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the Parthenon
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Which building was designed to honor the goddess of wisdom and prudent warfare?
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Notre-Dame de Chartre
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Which of these structures is Gothic?
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Ireland
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The meeting of decorative nomadic style and Christianity can be seen most clearly in illustrated books from
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over the central doorway
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The first large sculptures since Roman times can be found in what part of Romanesque churches?
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Caravaggio
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In her painting Judith and the Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes, Artemisia Gentileschi demonstrates the close influence of
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Fertility
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In Jan van Eyck's The Arnolfini Portrait, the woman is wearing a green dress to symbolize
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nude classical goddess
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The influence of Neoplatonism would be most likely when, in a painting, a Renaissance artist highlights a
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stained glass
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One feature that set Gothic architecture apart from Romanesque was the extensive use of
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government buildings
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The first Christian churches were patterned after basilicas that were used by the Romans as
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The wealthy merchant class
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In the seventeenth century, in the Netherlands, the major patrons of paintings were
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the French court and aristocracy
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With its decorative and sensual qualities, the Rococo style was particularly suited to the extravagant and often frivolous life of
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Linear Perspective
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Masaccio's The Holy Trinity fresco is considered to be the first painting based on the systematic use of
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Greek Sculpture
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Michelangelo's David has a naturalistic pose, set in contrapposto, demonstrating the influence of
2nd Century Bce
AP World History
Silk Road Trade
World History And Geography
The Silk Road and Ancient Trade: Crash Course World History #9 – Flashcards 20 terms
20 terms
Preview
The Silk Road and Ancient Trade: Crash Course World History #9 – Flashcards
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Silk Road
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Overland route where merchants carried goods for trade
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What were the two routes of the Silk Road
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- One that connected to Eastern Mediterranean to Central Asia - One that went from Central Asia to China
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What was the sea route used to reach Rome
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- The Mediterranean
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What was the sea route used to reach Japan
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- The Pacific
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What was traded on the Silk Road mostly by the Mediterraneans
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Olives, olive oil, and wine
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What was traded on the Silk Road mostly by the Indians
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Fine cotton textiles
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What was traded on the Silk Road mostly by the East Africans
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Ivory
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What was traded on the Silk Road mostly by the Arabians
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Incense and spices and tortoise shells
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What was traded on the Silk Road mostly by the Chinese
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- Silk (only produced in China for a millennium) - Raw materials like jade, silver, and iron
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What was the process used by the Chinese to create silk
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It was spun from the cocoons of mulberry tree-eating worms. The process was kept secret
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Why did the Chinese keep the formula to create silk secretive
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The lion's share of Chinese wealth came from slk production
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What did the Chinese use silk for
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Fishing line, to buy off nomadic raiders to keep things peaceful, and to write on (before they invented paper)
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What was silk mostly used for and why (as an export)
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- Clothing - It felt light in the summer and warm in the winter - Wearing clothes made of silk was a way of showing wealth
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Who were used for taking items from point A to point B
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Central Asian Nomadic Herders
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What was the Silk Road's wider economic impact
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- Very few people could afford silk but a lot of people devoted their lives in making silk - As the market grew more and more people wanted to go into silk production
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What were the ideas traded on the Silk Road
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- Primary route for the spread of Buddhism
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Mahayana Buddhism
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- The variation of Buddhism that took root in China, Korea, Japan, and Central Asia - Differed from Buddha's teachings in many ways - The Buddha is divine - Idea of Nirvana changed to a more heavenly perspective (in some cases there are many heavens)
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What were the diseases that spread through the Silk Road
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- Measles and Smallpox - Bubonic Plague
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Bubonic Plague
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- Also known as the Black Death - Came from the from the East to the West in 534, 750, and- most devastatingly- in 1346 - Resulted in the largest population decimation in human history
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How many Europeans died in the four-year period of the Bubonic Plague.
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Nearly half of European population
2nd Century Bce
Born Free And Equal
History of Europe
Long Lasting Effects
Ancient World History Exam Study Guide – Flashcards 94 terms
94 terms
Preview
Ancient World History Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
question
Cultural Diffusion
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inventions or ideas that are exchanged from one society to another which helps push civilization forward
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Cuneiform
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early form of Mesopotamian writing done with a stylus on clay tablets
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Cataract
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term used for rapids located in upper Nile that marked the boundary of the old kingdom
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Khufu
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pharaoh that built and was buried in the largest pyramid of the Great Pyramids at Giza
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Osiris
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Egyptian pharaoh of the dead, afterlife, and underworld
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Ziggurat
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Mesopotamian pyramid/temple known as, "the mountain of god"
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Neolithic Revolution
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period of time when human beings began to domesticate animals and farm
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Akkadians
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group of people lead by King Sargon who established the first empire of Mesopotamia
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Maat
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symbols of justice in the Egyptian mythology, usually symbolized by a feather
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Homo erectus
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up right humans
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Bipedal
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walked up right on two legs
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Polytheism
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having a god for every aspect of the universe
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Pharaoh
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means great house or great palace, most commonly a name for a king.
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Valley of Kings
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where New Kingdom Pharaohs were buried
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Pylons
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big walls
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Louis and Mary Leakey
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discovered a new form of hominids called homo habilis in 1959
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Sumerians
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believed that kings or kingship derived their power from the gods. they were agents of the gods imported copper, tin and timber in exchange for things they grew and caught like fish, barley, wool, & wheat.
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Sumerian Four Social Groups
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elites: priest and royal people dependent commoners: elites clients, worked in palace/temple free commoners: farmers, merchants, fishers, scribes, craftspeople, 90% were farmers. slaves: were used in building projects, females weaved cloth and ground grain.
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Sargon
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leader of the Sumerians, over ran the sumerian states in 2340 B.C.E. he establishes an empire that ended in 2100 B.C.E.
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Hammurabi
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empire builder in Mesopotamia that established Hammurabi's Code. He had 282 laws, "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth," was the main principle to system of justice
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Gilgamesh
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a king that wrote an epic explaining all his exploits , it was called the, " Epic of Gilgamesh." It has three themes that answered three important questions - civilization, death + afterlife, eternal life
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Hyksos
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ruled over Egypt for 100 years
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Queen Hatshepsut
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one of the first women to become a pharaoh. She built the great temple Deir el Bahri near Thebes.
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Amenhotep
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a pharaoh who introduced worship of Aten (god of the sun disk), he changed his name to Akhenaten (servant of Aten).
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Tutankhamen
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youngest pharaoh ever, restored religion after Amenhotep died. His tomb was the only tomb ever found untouched. Discovered by Howard Carter and Lord Canarvon.
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Ramses
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greatest pharaoh in the New Kingdom. He is the pharaoh that started the name "pharaoh," built many temples
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Mohenjo-Daro
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harappan city located on the Indus River, also known as, "the city of the dead"
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Maharaja
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chieftain of early Aryan tribes, also referred to as, "great prince"
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Pariah
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group in Hindu society thought of as "outcast" or "untouchables"
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Moksha
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hindu term for enlightenment
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Sangha
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one of the three jewels of Buddhism referring to the community of Buddhist
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Ascetic
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someone who disregards all comforts of life and lives outside of society in order to reach enlightenment
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Atman
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term used to describe the "soul" in Hinduism
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Stupa
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early form of Buddhist temple containing a sacred relic or ashes of a guru
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Sanskrit
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ancient Indian written language of the Vedas
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Reincarnation
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to die and be reborn in another body
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Karma
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good or bad deeds that determine how one is reborn
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Mahabrata
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book that consist of 90,000 words written in 100 B.C.E., describes a war between cousins for control over the kingdom
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Chakra
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the wheel of life (the wheel of Buddhism and Hinduism)
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Mudras
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symbolic hand positions of Hindu and Buddhist rituals
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Nirvana
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enlightenment in Buddhism
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Brahma
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(Hinduism) creator god
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Shiva
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(Hinduism) the destroyer, regulates cycle of reincarnation
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Vishnu
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(Hinduism) the protector, avatar-appears in physical forms to save the world
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Siddartha Gautama
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the founder of Buddhism, reached enlightenment and proceeded to educate others on how to reach enlightenment
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Terra Cotta
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material used to make the warriors that were buried near Shi Huangdi's tomb
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Dao De Jing
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chinese philosophy translated as " The Way of Virtue"
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Longshan
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chinese neolithic society that settled along the Yellow River
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Bone Writing
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sketch symbols used to tell the future that wold eventually become the Chinese alphabet
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5 Relationships
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the basic relationship principles of Confucianism
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Dynastic Circle
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process of establishing a new dynasty from a rebellion in ancient China
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Zhou
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aggressive Chinese dynasty whose decline led to the warring states period
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Filial Piety
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respect owed to one's parents and ancestors
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Well Field System
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policy where a peasant works on the field of their lord as well as their own field .
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Mandate of Heaven
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a mandate that stated that heaven maintained order in the universe through the king who ruled as a representative of heaven
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Veneration of Ancestors
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belief that grandparents soul never goes away, it stays in the family and you can pray to them for help as well as good luck
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Patriarchal
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oldest male is leader of family
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Oracles
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wise people who could read signs found in nature
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Lao Tzu
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Chinese philosopher and founder of Daoism.
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Confucius
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Chinese philosopher and founder of Confucianism
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Shi Huangdi
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China's first emperor creates legalist style of government, destroyed all criticism of the government. executed philosophers and burned books under his rule, government was an autocracy (king has unlimited power) built 4000 miles of road, created a standard of coin and writing made high taxes and slave labor he was hated by the people built the Great Wall of China
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Polis
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a city state; city that rules over the surrounding area
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Acropolis
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highest point in the city-state where the most important government and religious buildings are located
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Hoplite
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term for Greek warrior, name of warriors of shield
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Phalanx
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military formation of the Greek warriors made up of a line of soldiers with overlapping shields, usually 4 to 8 men deep
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Aristocracy
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the city-state is ruled over by an elite group of families
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Oligarchy
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the most powerful business and military citizens rule the city-state
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Sparta
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greatest military city-state in all of Greece
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Trireme
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Greek ship that had a ram on the front; ram was used to crash into other ships
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Democracy
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first establishes in Athens; all male citizens can vote and debate on laws
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Parthenon
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largest building in the Acropolis, housed statue of Athena
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Megalith
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greek word for "large stone"
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Monotheism
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belief in one god
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Pastoral Nomads
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people depended on hunting, gathering, herding, and farming for survival. Sometimes overran societies and created their own empires
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Bronze Age
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time when metals especially bronze were used to make weapons
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Debt Slavery
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the most hated of the old Athenian laws, poor farmers who owed money to wealthy landowners could be temporarily enslaved until that debt was paid.
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Economic Revolution
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Athens experiences an economic boom because of their olive trade. Artisans and craftsman become more skilled, farmers become wealthier and demand more political power
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Garuzia
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council of older Spartans who were to old too fight. Advise the king and the efforts on decisions regarding Sparta
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Azura Mazda
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(Zoroastrianism) god of goodness and light
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Ahriman
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(Zoroastrianism) god of darkness and evil
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Draco
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(621 B.C.E.) "The Law Giver," created 1st legal code: gave the poor property rights and protected contracts but did not repeal debt slavery
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Solon
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(594 B.C.E.) outlawed debt slavery, gave all citizens (males born in Athens) the right to participate in government. Any citizen could bring charges against another regardless of classed. Passed economic reforms but not land reforms
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Pisistratus
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1st tyrant of Athens, seized power with the support of the population
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Lycurgus
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was the king of Sparta and decided to remake his society into a military state to control the Messinian population
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Pericles
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ruled Athens for 32 years (461-429 B.C.E.). He had three goals for Athens: strengthen Athenian democracy hold and strengthen the Athenian Empire glorify Athens
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Homer
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blind story teller, wrote the lliad (Trojan War)
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King Agamemnon
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most powerful king of Greek states
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King Menelaus
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brother of Agamemnon, king of Sparta, husband of Helen
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Helen
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most beautiful girl in the world
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Paris
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youngest son of the king of Troy
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Hector
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oldest son of king of Troy
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Priam
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King of Troy
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Achilles
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greatest Greek warrior, half god/half human
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Odysseus
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wisest of the Greeks
