Test #1 – Test Review – Flashcards
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Which of the following presidents were not among the ones that had an elite education?
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LBJ, Reagan, Truman, and Harding
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What is one of the reasons why hiring managers discriminate based upon education?
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It signals that you have an education, and that you can work hard and learn on the job.
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The formula for happiness at work is:
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Work - Life Balance= Happiness
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What type of people go to elite universities?
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- very rich - very smart
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Who has the highest median wages with only a four year degree?
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Engineers
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Who gets paid less?
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People who have less than a high school diploma.
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Who is most likely to be unemployed?
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People who have less than a high school diploma.
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What does M.D. stand for?
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Medical Doctor
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How long does it take to earn an associates degree?
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Two years earned at a junior or community college.
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How long does it take to get a Master's Degree?
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2 years
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When is discrimination in hiring legal?
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Hiring managers discriminate based upon education.
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Max Weber referred to the self-denying approach to life characterized by people living frugal lives and saving their money as the ________.
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Protestant
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What quality did Max Weber stress as being the hallmark of social research?
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Value neutrality
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Karl Marx believed that ______ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ______ was the force most responsible for social change.
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economics; religion
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Cindy is interested in how the movement of Maytag production plants and other industries from the Midwest to Mexico has changed the lives of thousands of unemployed workers and their communities. Cindy is conducting a _______ analysis.
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macro-level
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The notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as ________.
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Social Darwinism
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When sociologists' group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine _______.
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social location
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College provides a haven for several million potential workers who are classified as "students" rather than "unemployed," which helps stabilize the job market. The situation represents what Merton would describe as a __________.
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latent function
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Durkheim referred to patterns of behavior that characterize a social group as ________.
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social facts
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According to Robert Merton, ________ are the intended beneficial consequence of people's actions.
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manifest functions
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Because of her outstanding contributions to social reform, as demonstrated in her work as co-founder of Hill-House, ______ was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.
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Jane Addams
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Functionalists refer to how parts of a society fit together to from a whole as ________.
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a structure
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What distinction did sociologist Frances Perkins hold in American history?
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She was the first woman to hold a presidential cabinet position.
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Sociologists who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely _______.
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symbolic interventionist
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The social science discipline that concentrates on the study of artifacts, social structure, ideas, values, and forms of communication is _________.
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anthropology
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The first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the study of social life was _______.
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Auguste Comte
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The sociologist who developed the concept of the power elite was _______.
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C. Wright Mills
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According to symbolic internationalists, the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires _______.
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a framework or context from which to view the meaning of the change
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The French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?
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Social Integration
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The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, who spent his lifetime studying race relations in America and was one of the founders of the NAACP, was _______.
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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Dr. Zahn's academic interest is analyzing various aspects of society and publishing his finding in sociological journals. In view of this, Dr. Zahn is considered to be a(n) _______ sociologist.
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Basic
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In the northeast U.S., some lakes which were once considered good fishing spots no longer have fish living in them. The reason fish cannon survive in these lakes is because ________.
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the burning of fossil fuels produces acid rain
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The computer now allows the instantaneous transfer of billions of dollars from one country to another. One of the concerns of governments about this easy transferring of digitized money is that ________.
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there are few traces for government to follow
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What did historian Jame Flink cite as the primary reason women were transformed from producers of food and clothing to consumers of national-brand canned goods, prepared foods, and ready-made clothes?
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The automobile
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What has been the result of the industrialized Western nations exporting food and medicine to the Least Industrialized Nations?
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It has cause population explosions in the nations receiving the aid.
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Because of new technologies, more parents can work at home, which can strengthen families and lead to a decrease in the divorce rate. This example demonstrates how new technology can transform _______.
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social relationships
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The theories that propose societies may take different routes, but eventually lead to the same stage of development, are _________ theories.
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multilinear
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According to Karl Marx, what would be the end result of workers being pushed by capitalists to make more and more products without appropriate changes in compensation and treatment?
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The violent takeover of the means of production and establishing a worker's state.
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The development of the assembly line process and use of interchangeable parts is an example of how technology has changed _______.
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social organization
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Of the following, the most important threat to global control by the G8, the group of nations that decide world policy, is the _______.
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resurgence of ethnic conflicts worldwide
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According the Max Weber, the idea that Protestants should work hard and be thrifty was an unexpected consequence of the ________.
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Protestant Reformation
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The most uniformly applicable description of technology is that it ________.
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is an artificial means of extending human abilities
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The invention of the plow is to the second social revolutions as the _______ is the third social revolution.
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invention of the steam engine
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In the model of historical change proposed by Karl Marx, the final stage in the process would be called _______.
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classless state
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The Japanese adopted baseball as a national sport after they saw American GI's playing it following WWII. This adoption of baseball by the Japanese is an example of _______.
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diffusion
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What did Karl Marx blame for the transformation of most societies from being Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft?
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Capitalism
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According to Marx, human history shows that struggle develops between the thesis and its antithesis, leading to a synthesis. Marx called this historical change a(n) ________.
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dialectical process
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According to the concept environmental injustice, what two groups are affected the most by pollution?
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The poor and minorities.
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On average, one tribe of Amazonian Indians has been lost each year of the twentieth century. What is the fundamental explanation for this destruction?
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Ethnocentrism and the greed of non-Indians.
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In the 1920s, who was the German high school teacher who wrote "The Decline of the West" and proposed that Western civilization had passed its peak and was in decline?
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Oswald Spengler
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What concept is central to all evolutionary theories, regardless of their type?
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Cultural progress
