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The most common nutritional deficiency related to surgery is

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protein

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Before general surgery, nothing is given by mouth for atleast

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8 hours

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Protein is especially needed in the postoperative recovery period for

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control of edema

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The primary source of energy during the postoperative period should be

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carbohydrates

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An important function of carbohydrates in the postoperative period is to

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spare protein for tissue synthesis

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Blood losses may result in a deficiency of

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iron

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Two minerals that are lost during tissue catabolism are

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potassium and phosphorus

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Fluid loss is accompanied by loss of the electrolytes

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sodium and chloride

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The vitamin that is needed to cement new tissues during the healing process is

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vitamin C

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Commercial enteral feeding formulas are preferred to blenderized food because

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they carry less risk of bacterial growth and infection

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The majority of postsurgical patients are encouraged to return to a regualr oral diet as soon as possible because

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regular food helps stimulate normal action of the gastrointestinal tract

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After surgery, oral feedings can begin as soon as

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bowel sounds return

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Patients who have had surgery of the head, neck, or throat may require

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tube feedings

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The parts of the gastointestinal tract that are joined in a total gastrectomy are the

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esophagus and small intestine

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For several days after a gastrectomy, meals should be

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small, frequent, and easily digested

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Patients who have had gastric surgery usually experience "dumping syndrome"

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after recovery and when they are beginning to eat normally

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The nutrient most likely to lead to "dumping syndrome" is

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simple carbohydrate

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Physiologicic symptoms of "dumping syndrome" result from

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water being drawn from the blood into the intestine and decreasing the blood volume

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If a patient will require parenteral nutrition for a prolonged period of time, the route that should be used it

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total parenteral nutrition

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After a cholecystectomy, the diet is usually low to moderate in

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simple carbohydrates

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The surgery in which the colon is attached to an opening in the abdominal wall is known as

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colostomy

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If the intestinal drainage from an ostomy site is still liquid, the patient has an

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ileostomy

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Foods that are allowed in the nonresidue diet include

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strained fruit juices and eggs

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A burn that causes cell damage in both the top layer of skin and in the dermis is a

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second-degree burn

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During the initial stage of treatment of a severe burn

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an intravenous electrolyte solution is given

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THe intravavenous solution that is given immediately to a burn patient to prevent hypovolemia is

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lactated Ringer's solution

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An appropiate tube feeding route for a patient at high risk for aspiration is

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nasojejunal

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Total parenteral nutrition formulas provide protein in the form of

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amino acids

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A good snack for a patient with "dumping syndrome is"

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cheese and crackers

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Ordinarily the cell operates in an orderly fashion under the influence of

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the genetic code

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Cancers that originate from epithelial tissue are called

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carcinomas

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Factors associated with the development of cancer include

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radiation exposure

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Emotional stress may play a role in the development of cancer through the

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damage to the immune system and the thymus gland

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The cellular component of the immune system that is derived from the thymus is the

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T cell

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The cells responsible for synthesis and secretion of antibodies are the

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B cells

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The nutrient primarily responsible for maintaining tissue integrity and immunocompetence is

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protein

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Cancer therapy that uses radioactive isotopes is

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radiation

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Which of the following describes a disadvantage of abdominal radiation

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The structure and function of the bowel may be adversely affected

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Patients who receive chemotherapeutic drugs often develop

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anemia

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A major systemic effect of the disease state of cancer is

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negative nitrogen balance

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Food aversions result from long-term treatment by

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chemotherapy

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Patients who receive chemotherapy drugs often develop anemia because the drugs

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damage the bone marrow

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The primary goal in nutritional care of patients with cancer is to

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prevent malnutrition

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To counteract the hypermetabolic state of cancer, it is important to increase the intake of

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kilocalories

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For patients with cancer, additional dietary protein is necessary for

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tissue synthesis for helaing

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Given a choice and a functional gastrointestinal tract, the preferred method of feeding a patient with cancer is

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normal oral intake

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If salivary secretions are reduced or absent, it may be most helpful to

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serve food in semiliquid form

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An oncogen is

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a gene that, when activated, causes neoplastic growth

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A sarcoma is

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a tumor derived from connective tissue

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The cells that activate the phagocytes are the

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T cells

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Mucositis is an inflammation of the

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oral mucosa

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Symptoms that may occur during the primary HIV infection stage include

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a short bout of mild mononucleosis or flulike syndrome

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Tuberculosis or Kaposi's sarcoma commonly occurs when T helper lymphocyte counts are

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200 to 500/mm3

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The normal blood level of T helper lymphocytes in healthy adults is

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approximately 800/mm3

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Nutrition support is a vital care component throughout the progression of HIV infection

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controlling involuntary weight loss and tissue wasting

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A fundamental effect of HIV infection is

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major weight loss

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An HIV positive patient should be referred to the clinical dietitian on the AIDS team

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at the first contact with a health professional

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The nutrition care plan AIDS is

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individualized and is continually adjusted throughout the course of the disease

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Which of the following is a risk factor for HIV/AIDS

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recent blood transfusion

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Guidelines for counseling a person with HIV infection include

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promoting optimal nutrition while making the fewest food changes

Surgery and Nutritional Support – Flashcards

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