Substance Abuse Midterm – Flashcards
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15. Which of the following drug types is used recreationally on a widespread basis—that is, for the purpose of getting high—in significant numbers? The prescription that are drugs used for the purpose of: A. alleviating depression. B. elevating mood. C. treating schizophrenia. D. treating bipolar disorder. E. sedation.
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B (not sure)
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14. Which of the following is an example of a Schedule I drug at the federal level: A. cocaine B. morphine C. marijuana D. amphetamine E. none of the above
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C
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13. A Schedule I drug is one that the government defines as having: A. medical utility and a low potential for abuse B. no medical utility but a low potential for abuse C. medical utility but a high potential for abuse D. no medical utility and a high potential for abuse E. none of the above
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D
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12. Since 2000, the percentage of junior high school and high school students who use Ecstasy and the other club drugs has: A. increased B. decreased C. remained stable D. fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year E. none of the above
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B
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11. The use and abuse of the artificial narcotics (such as fentanyl and oxycodone) is most likely to: A. be concentrated in the inner cities. B. take place in the suburbs. C. take place in rural areas. D. be randomly distributed throughout the United States. E. none of the above.
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C
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10. Chronic, abusive cocaine and heroin use is most likely to: A. be concentrated the inner cities. B. take place in the suburbs. C. take place in rural areas. D. be randomly throughout the United States. E. none of the above.
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A
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9. The substance that causes the greatest total harm with respect to death and disease is: A. tobacco B. alcohol C. heroin D. cocaine E. prescription drugs
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A
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7. Which of the following drugs was produced and first consumed during its transformative era? A. peyote B. heroin C. LSD D. barbital E. none of the above
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B
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5. Taking LSD to get high is an example of: A. illegal recreational use B. legal recreational use C. illegal instrumental use D. legal instrumental use E. none of the above
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A
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4. Taking Ambien via prescription to get to sleep is an example of: A. illegal recreational use B. legal recreational use C. illegal instrumental use D. legal instrumental use E. none of the above
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D
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3. Taking an amphetamine, without prescription, to cram all night for a final exam is an example of: A. illegal recreational use B. legal recreational use C. illegal instrumental use D. legal instrumental use E. none of the above
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C
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2. Drugs can be classified according to their legal status, and whether they are used instrumentally versus recreationally. An adult drinking alcohol to feel pleasant is an example of: A. illegal recreational use B. legal recreational use C. illegal instrumental use D. legal instrumental use E. none of the above
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B
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1. Humans began using mind-altering substances: A. during prehistoric times tens of thousands of years ago B. in ancient Egypt 4,000 years ago C. in ancient Greece and Rome D. in Europe during the Middle Ages E. during the 1960s
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A
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6. The history of drug use may be divided into the natural era, the transformative era, and the synthetic era. Which of the following drugs was produced and first consumed during its natural era? A. heroin B. cocaine C. opium D. morphine E. none of the above
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E
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8. Which of the following drugs was produced and first consumed by humans during its synthetic era? A. LSD B. psilocybin mushrooms C. marijuana D. cocaine E. none of the above
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A
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1. The first psychoactive substance that American states attempted to control was: A. opium B. marijuana C. heroin D. alcohol E. none of the above
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D
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During the 1920s and 1930s, in the years following the Supreme Court ruling on the Harrison Act (1914), which was rendered in 1919, the number of addicts who were arrested on drug charges: A. decreased B. increased C. remained the same D. fluctuated wildly and erratically from year to year E. remains unknown
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B
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The earliest legislation designed to reduce or eliminate a substance that is currently illegal was aimed at: A. medications B. alcohol C. opium D. marijuana E. cocaine
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C
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The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906: A. addressed false claims about the contents of patent medicines on the product's label B. outlawed the sale of patent medications that contained opium C. outlawed the sale of patent medications that contained cocaine D. outlawed the sale of patent medications that contained marijuana E. none of the above
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A
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The British waged two "opium wars" against China in order to: A. abolish the sale of opium in China B. legalize and continue the opium trade in China C. set up addiction treatment clinics in China D. abolish a tax on the sale of opium E. none of the above
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B
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Which of the following drugs was included in the Harrison Act yet was not a narcotic or opiate? A. heroin B. marijuana C. morphine D. amphetamine E. cocaine
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E
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Prior to the Harrison Act, most narcotic addicts were: A. African American B. medical addicts C. heroin injectors D. also marijuana smokers E. predatory street criminals
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B
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During the course of the nineteenth century—that is, from the early 1800s to the late 1800s—the rate of narcotic addiction in the United States: A. increased B. decreased C. remained the same D. fluctuated wildly and erratically from year to year E. cannot be estimated
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A
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Historians estimate that the number of narcotic addicts in the U.S. prior to 1914 was about: A. 3,000 B. 30,000 C. 300,000 D. three million E. 30 million
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C
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The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937: A. was designed to raise revenue for the federal government by taxing marijuana transactions B. was declared unconstitutional shortly after its enactment C. was a state law that was passed in a few states but vetoed in most of them D. effective banned all possession and sale of marijuana products E. is still in effect and currently results in most of the marijuana-related arrests in the U.S.
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D
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. The primary impact of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 was to: A. establish categories or "schedules" of controlled substances B. decriminalize the possession of marijuana C. establish treatment centers for narcotic addicts D. remove cocaine from the list of narcotic drugs E. relegate the authority to enforce of the drug laws to the states
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A
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The first "war on drugs" was launched by President: A. Woodrow Wilson in 1918 B. Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1932 C. Harry Truman in 1946 D. Richard Nixon in 1971 E. Jimmy Carter in 1978
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D
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Between the 1970s and the 1980s, the federal budget devoted to drug treatment: A. increased B. decreased C. remained stable D. fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year E. unknown
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B
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The following development did not take place in the nineteenth-century: A. the extraction of morphine from opium B. the extraction of heroin from morphine C. the invention of the hypodermic syringe D. the isolation of cocaine from coca leaves E. the discovery of the addicting properties of opiates
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E
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The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 was originally designed to: A. address drug research, rehabilitation B. stamp out all illicit drug abuse C. increase the power and reach of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics D. transfer authority of drug enforcement to the state level E. decriminalize the possession and sale of all then-illicit drugs
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A
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During national alcohol Prohibition (1920-1933), alcohol consumption in the United States: A. increased B. decreased C. fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year D. cannot be estimated by researchers E. none of the above
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B
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. Current alcohol consumption in the United States is at: A. an all-time high B. an all-time low C. a fairly high point compared with most other periods of history D. a fairly low point compared with most other periods of history E. none of the above
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D
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According to surveys, the use of LSD among American high school students peaked in the: A. 1960s B. 1970s C. 1980s D. 1990s E. first decade of the 2000s
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D
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Surveys indicate that: A. legal drug use (alcohol and the nicotine in tobacco) is higher than illegal drug use B. illegal drug use is higher than illegal drug use C. legal and illegal drug use are roughly the same D. researchers cannot estimate the size of legal or illegal drug use E. none of the above
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A
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The legal drug use that is consumed recreationally by more people in the U.S. than any other substance is: A. alcohol B. the nicotine in tobacco C. the prescription amphetamines, taken as a whole D. the prescription narcotics, taken as a whole E. none of the above.
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A
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The drug that is consumed the greatest number of times in the U.S. is: A. alcohol B. the nicotine in tobacco C. the prescription amphetamines D. the prescription narcotics E. none of the above
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B
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Researchers estimate that illicit drug use in the U.S. peaks at which of the following age brackets: A. 16-17 B. 18-20 C. 21-25 D. 26-34 E. 35 and older
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B
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Recent increases in overall drug use in the United States have taken place mainly in the consumption of which of the following drugs: A. heroin B. methamphetamine C. cocaine D. MDMA (Ecstasy) E. marijuana
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E
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According to records, researchers estimate that alcohol consumption was greatest in which of the following historical eras? A. the late 1700s B. the early 1800s C. between 1850 and 1919 D. during Prohibition (1920-1933) E. after the repeal of Prohibition, 1933 to the present
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B
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Which of the following drugs or drug types represent the most chemically miscellaneous group of substances? A. the amphetamines B. the narcotics C. alcohol D. club drugs E. marijuana
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D
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The psychoactive substance with the highest "loyalty" rate and the only drug that a majority of at-least one-time users have taken during the past month is: A. alcohol B. marijuana C. cocaine D. heroin E. LSD
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A
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Of the following, the drug that is taken the most sporadically, on a once-in-a-while basis, that is, has the lowest "loyalty" rate is: A. marijuana B. alcohol C. the nicotine in tobacco D. the amphetamines E. LSD
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E
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The most commonly-used illicit substance in the United States is: A. marijuana B. oxycodone C. heroin D. methamphetamine E. cocaine
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A
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Researchers did not conduct surveys of drug use during the 1960s, but today, they feel that they have a fairly accurate idea of use during that decade because they draw inferences from: A. tax revenues B. media reports C. DAWN's ED/ME reports D. ADAM-II's arrest reports E. retrospective estimates based on a survey conducted in the 1970s
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E
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The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) does not include which of the following categories of the population in its sample: A. teenagers B. college students C. residents of large urban areas D. prisoners E. the elderly
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D
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15. Psychopharmacologists classify OxyContin as a/n: A. euphoriant B. depressant C. disassociative anesthetic D. hallucinogen E. analgesic
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E
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14. Psychopharmacologists classify narcotics as a type of: A. euphoriant B. general depressant C. disassociative anesthetic D. hallucinogen E. analgesic
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E
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13. Sedative/hypnotics are also called: A. general depressants B. hallucinogens C. disassociative anesthetics D. analgesics E. euphoriants
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A
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12. The potential for drug dependence is most closely related to: A. toxicity B. learning to enjoy a drug's effects C. whether a drug is soluble in water D. ataxia E. reinforcement, or immediate sensual appeal
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E
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11. Which of the following drugs is most reinforcing, that is, the one that laboratory animals will work hardest to receive? A. alcohol B. cocaine C. LSD D. heroin E. marijuana
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B
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10. Which of the following drugs is cross-dependent with Seconal, a barbiturate? A. alcohol B. marijuana C. heroin D. LSD E. cocaine
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A
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9. Compared with 30 years ago, the potency of the heroin now available on the street: A. is greater B. is weaker C. is more or less the same with respect to potency D. fluctuates wildly and randomly from year to year E. remains unknown
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A
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8. Which of the following is cross-tolerant with heroin? A. alcohol B. morphine C. marijuana D. LSD E. psilocybin
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B
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7. An example of a "chronic" effect of a drug would be: A. getting high or intoxicated B. ataxia, or motor discoordination C. dying of an overdose D. cirrhosis of the liver E. none of the above
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D
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6. Which of the following drugs is least likely to be injected intravenously (IV)? A. heroin B. cocaine C. morphine D. methamphetamine E. marijuana
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E
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5. Which of the following is the fastest and most efficient route of administration? A. IV injection B. administering a dermal patch C. oral administration D. intra-muscular administration E. smoking
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E
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4. Which of the following substances has the widest/greatest safety margin? A. heroin B. methadone C. cocaine D. marijuana E. morphine
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D
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3. The size or the gap between ED and LD for a given drug is referred to as the: A. intoxication ratio B. neuron ratio C. neurotransmitter ratio D. psychoactivity ratio E. safety or therapeutic margin
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E
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2. Drug "effects": A. are the same as drug "actions" B. are highly specific and constant C. are nonspecific and variable D. are as predictable as mixing two chemicals in a lab E. refer exclusively to biophysical reactions
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C
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1. Pharmacologically, a drug "action" takes place at the: A. molecular level B. behavioral level C. chronic level D. societal level E. global level
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A
