Subcutaneous Mycoses – Flashcards
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| Chromoblastomycosis (Cladophialophora, Fonsecaea, and Phialophora) |
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| found in Americas, Africa, and Japan in PLANT DEBRIS AND SOIL reservoirs. Transmission=traumatic implantation of fomites |
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| Chromoblastomycosis (Cladophialophora, Fonsecaea, and Phialophora) |
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| SUPPURATIVE EXUDATE with fibrous tissue forming foci of necrosis |
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| Chromoblastomycosis (Cladophialophora, Fonsecaea, and Phialophora) |
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| LESIONS= sclerotic cells surrounded by neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. |
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| Chromoblastomycosis (Cladophialophora, Fonsecaea, and Phialophora) |
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| DENSE COLLAGENOUS ENCAPSULATION of connective tissue around fungus=pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia and granulomas. Outer skin thickens/crusts |
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| Chromoblastomycosis (Cladophialophora, Fonsecaea, and Phialophora) |
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| VERRUCOUS DERMATITIS: papules, pustules, and nodules on hands, feet, and legs develop into cauliflower-shaped lesions |
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| Chromoblastomycosis (Cladophialophora, Fonsecaea, and Phialophora) |
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| CLADOSPORIOSIS: lesions in the brain cause headache, paralysis, coma, seizures |
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| Chromoblastomycosis (Cladophialophora, Fonsecaea, and Phialophora) |
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| KOH and PAS reveal sclerotic bodies with branching septate, brown hyphae, and thick-walled, round-to-oval brown cells with septa |
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| Basidiobolus ranarum and Delacroixia coronatus |
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| causes subcutaneous zygomycosis |
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| Basidiobolus ranarum |
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| causes basidiobolomycosis |
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| Basidiobolus ranarum |
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| found in AFRICA and ASIA in soil, decaying vegetation, and reptile reservoirs. pathogen of amphibians and reptiles |
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| Basidiobolus ranarum |
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| freely moveable subcutaneous nodules associated with lymphatics producing elephantitis with woody consistency |
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| Basidiobolus ranarum |
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| ulcers do not form, but nodules become HYPERPIGMENTED |
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| Basidiobolus ranarum |
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| KOH/PAS: non-septate or septate HYPHAE WITH SWOLLEN ENDS containing large papilla |
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| Delacroixia coronatus |
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| causes conidiobolomycosis: nasal swellings that develop into hard, painless polyps and subq noduless. causes edema of cheeks, forehead, lips, and eyes |
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| Delacroixia coronatus |
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| Central America, Africa, and India in SOIL and DECAYING PLANTS. Transmission is traumatic implantation of fomites |
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| Delacroixia coronatus |
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| KOH/PAS reveal HYPHAE with TERMINAL CONIDIA |
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| Basidiobolus ranarum and Delacroixia coronatus |
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| hyphae invade subcutaneous tissues of limbs, buttocks, and perineum producing dense infiltrates of eosinophils and granulomas. |
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| Alternaria, Cladophialophora, and Exophiala |
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| cause phaeohyphomycosis |
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| Phaeohyphomycosis (Alternaria, Cladophialophora and Exophiala) |
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| found worldwide in PLANT DEBRIS and SOIL. Transmission= traumatic implantation or inhalation of conidia |
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| Phaeohyphomycosis (Alternaria, Cladophialophora and Exophiala) |
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| MULTIPLE GRANULOMATOUS ABSCESSES formed surrounding swollen, oval hyphae and conidia that have necrotic centers |
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| Phaeohyphomycosis (Alternaria, Cladophialophora and Exophiala) |
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| KOH/PAS stains reveal branching, septate, brown hyphae in infected tissue |
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| Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis (Alternaria, Cladophialophora and Exophiala) |
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| cracked, fissured, ulcerated, lichenified, eczematous skin around lower or upper limbs |
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| Phaeohyphomycosis (Alternaria, Cladophialophora and Exophiala) |
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| phaeomycotic cysts: asymptomatic, well encapsulated subq nodules cerebral phaeohyphomycosis: brain infection |
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| Pseudoallescheria and Madurella |
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| Pseudallescheriaisis |
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| Pseudallescheriasis (Pseudoallescheria and Madurella) |
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| worldwide in SOIL, DECAYED VEGETATION, MANURE, AND POLLUTED WATER. transmission: inhalation or traumatic implantation of fomites into skin |
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| Pseudallescheriasis (Pseudoallescheria and Madurella) |
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| hyphae invade subQ tissue=granulomas + allergic rxns |
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| Pseudallescheriasis (Pseudoallescheria and Madurella) |
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| evade host by depositing extracellular MELANIN |
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| Pseudallescheriasis (Pseudoallescheria and Madurella) |
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| EUMYCETOMAS: painless tumor-like swelling that ulcerate, form sinus tracts, and fibrosis/scarring with woody disfigurement |
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| Pseudallescheriasis (Pseudoallescheria and Madurella) |
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| bronchial pneumonia with colonization and fungus ball formation |
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| Pseudallescheriasis (Pseudoallescheria and Madurella) |
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| can cause sinusitis, otomycosis, meningitis, arthritis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, endopthalmitis, keratitis, and cutaneous/subcutaneous lesions |
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| Pseudallescheriasis (Pseudoallescheria and Madurella) |
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| KOH/PAS: broad, branching septate hyphae with dense, neutrophilic exudates occuring as black grains. |
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| Lacazia lobi |
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| monomorphic yeast causing LOBOMYCOSIS |
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| Lacazia lobi |
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| South and Central America + Florida HUMAN and DOLPHIN reservoirs Transmission= traumatic contact with skin |
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| Lacazia lobi |
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| mold psores release TOXIC COMPOUNDS producing imflammatory rxn leading to chronic granulomas |
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| Lacazia lobi |
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| painless PLAQUES and KELOIDS on skin ulcerate and spread to form tumor-like areas |
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| Lacazia lobi |
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| chronic leasions cause SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS |
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| Lacazia lobi |
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| KOH/PAS: thick-walled, globose to lemon shaped budding yeasts joined by short tubes ("chains of yeast") |
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| Lacazia lobi |
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| This yeast cannot be cultured |
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| Rhinosporidium seeberi |
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| monomorphic mold causes RHINOSPORIDIOSIS |
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| Rhinosporidium seeberi |
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| worldwide in SOIL and WATER reservoirs transmission= inhalation or contact with stagnant fresh water |
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| Rhinosporidium seeberi |
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| micro-abscess or polyp in mucosa globular sporangia filled with endospores |
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| Nasal Rhinosporidiosis |
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| sessile or pedunculated polyps in nose/palate mucouse membrane |
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| Ocular Rhinosporidiosis |
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| sessile or stalked growths in conjunctiva |
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| Cutaneous Rhinosporidiosis |
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| wart-like ulcerated cutaneous lesions |
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| Systemic Rhinosporidiosis |
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| polyp-like growths in bone, liver, lung, spleen, or brain |
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| Rhinosporidium seeberi |
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| KOH/PAS: thick-walled spherules (sporangia) with endospores inside |
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| Sporothrix schenckii |
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| dimorphic mold the produces subcutaneous infection SPOROTRICHOSIS |
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| Sporothrix schenckii |
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| worldwide growing in DECAYING VEGETATION and SOIL reservoirs traumatic implantation of plant or inhalation of conidia |
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| Sporothrix schenckii |
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| lymphatic lesions and circumscribed microabscesses |
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| Sporothrix schenckii |
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| PAS stain shows chlamydospores in ASTEROID BODIES and cigar shaped budding yeast forms in pus filled granulomas |
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| Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis |
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| painless, nodular, erythematous necrotic lesions along lymph channels leading away from primary lesion in weeks to months |
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| Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis |
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| single ulcers at site of inoculation on face, trunk, and neck |
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| Mucocutaneous sporotrichosis |
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| ulcerative, suppurative lesions of the mucous membranes |
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| Pulmonary sporotrichosis |
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| varies from chronic, cavitary lung lesions to lymph node involvement that cause bronchial obstruction |
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| Extracutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis |
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| cutaneous lesions that spread to eye, bones, periosteum, synovium, or other organs causing meningitis in immunosuppressed |
