Stedman’s Medical Terminology Chapter 13 – Flashcards
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orbit
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bony cavity of the skull that encases the eye
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conjunctiva
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mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
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lacrimal glands
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glands that secrete tears
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lacrimal ducts
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channels that carry tears to the eye
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nasolacrimal ducts
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ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands to the nose
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tarsal glands (meibomian glands)
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oil glands along the edges of the eyelids that lubricate the eye
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sclera
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tough outer layer of the eye
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cornea
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transparent outer covering of the anterior chamber of the eye
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aqueous humor
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watery fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye
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iris
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colored muscular part of the eye located behind the cornea allows light to pass through
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pupil
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opening in the middle of the iris through which light passes
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lens
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transparent structure behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays
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choroid
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middle layer of the eye that contains blood vessels
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vitreous humor
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jellylike fluid that fills the posterior chamber of the eye
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retina
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innermost layer of the eye that contains visual receptors
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optic nerve
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nerve that carries impulses from the retina to the brain to provide the sense of sight
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fundus
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posterior portion of the interior of the eyeball, visible through the ophthalmoscope
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blephar/o
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(combining form(s)) eyelid
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conjunctiv/o
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(combining form(s)) conjunctiva
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corne/o, kerat/o
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(combining form(s)) cornea
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cry/o
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(combining form(s)) cold
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dacry/o, lacrim/o
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(combining form(s)) tears or tear ducts
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dipl/o
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(combining form(s)) double, two
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ir/o, irid/o
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(combining form(s)) iris
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ocul/o, ophthalm/o
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(combining form(s)) eye
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opt/o
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(combining form(s)) vision, eye
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phot/o
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(combining form(s)) light
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presby/o
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(combining form(s)) related to aging
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pupill/o, cor/e, cor/o
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(combining form(s)) pupil
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retin/o
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(combining form(s)) retina
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scler/o
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(combining form(s)) hard, sclera
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ton/o
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(combining form(s)) tension, pressure
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bi-, bin-
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(prefix) two, twice
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-ectasia, -ecstasis
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(suffix) dilation, stretching
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-lysis
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(suffix) destruction, breakdown, separation
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-malacia
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(suffix) softening
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-meter
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(suffix) instrument for measuring
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-metry
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(suffix) measurement of
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-opia, -opsia
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(suffix) vision
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-pexy
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(suffix) surgical fixation
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-phobia
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(suffix) abnormal fear, aversion to, sensitivity to
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-plasty
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(suffix) surgical repair, reconstruction
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-plegia
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(suffix) paralysis
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-ptosis
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(suffix) prolapse, drooping, sagging
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-rrhea
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(suffix) flow, discharge
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-scopy
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(suffix) process of examining, examination
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-spasm
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(suffix) involuntary movement
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-trophia
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(suffix) to turn
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accomodation
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ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
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binocular
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pertaining to both eyes
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blepharal
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pertaining to the eyelid
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conjunctival
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pertaining to the conjunctiva
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corneal
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pertaining to the cornea
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intraocular
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within or inside the eye
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iridal, iridial
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pertaining to the iris
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lacrimal
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pertaining to tears
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ocular (ophthalmic)
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pertaining to the eye
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optic
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pertaining to vision
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pupillary
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pertaining to the pupil
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retinal
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pertaining to the retina
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scleral
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pertaining to the sclera
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amblyopia
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poor vision, usually in only one eye, caused by abnormal development of the visual areas; also known as "lazy eye"
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astigmatism
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distorted, blurry vision caused by abnormal curvature of the cornea or lens
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blepharitis
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inflammation of the eyelid
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blepharoptosis
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drooping of the eyelids; also shortened to ptosis
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blepharospasm
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contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye, which causes uncontrolled blinking
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cataract
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clouding of the lens of the eye, which causes poor vision
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chalazion (meibomian cyst)
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obstruction of an oil gland in the eye
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color blindness
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deficiency in distinguishing some colors
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conjunctivitis
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highly contagious inflammation of the conjunctiva; commonly known as pinkeye
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dacryoadenitis
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inflammation of a lacrimal gland
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dacryocystitis
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inflammation of the lacrimal sac
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dacryolith
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stone in the lacrimal sac or ducts
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dacryorrhea
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excessive discharge of tears
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detached retina
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separation of the retina from the choroid in the back of the eye; can be caused by injury, tumor, or hemorrhage
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diabetic retinopathy
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degenerative changes of the retina caused by diabetes mellitus; may lead to blindness
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diplopia
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double vision
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exophthalmos (exophthalmus)
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abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
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glaucoma
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group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve
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hordeolum
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infection of an oil gland of the eyelid; commonly called a sty
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hyperopia
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farsightedness
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iridomalacia
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softening of the iris
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iridoplegia
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paralysis of the iris
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iritis
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inflammation of the iris
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keratitis
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inflammation of the cornea
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keratomalacia
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softening of the cornea, usually associated with severe vitamin A deficiency
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macular degeneration
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deterioration of the macula (the central part of the retina), causing impaired central vision; most commonly related to advancing age
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myopia
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nearsightedness
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nyctalopia
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poor vision in reduced light or at night; commonly called night blindness
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nystagmus
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involuntary rhythmic movements of the eye
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ophthalmagia
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pain in the eye
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ophthalmia
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condition of the eye characterized by severe conjunctivitis
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ophthalmopathy
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disease of the eye(s)
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ophthalmoplegia
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paralysis of the eye muscle(s)
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photophobia
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extreme sensitivity to light
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presbyopia
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impaired vision caused by old age
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pterygium
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growth of conjunctival tissue over the cornea; usually associated with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light
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retinitis pigmentosa
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hereditary progressive deterioration of the retina causing nyctalopia and impaired vision
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retinopathy
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any disease of the retina
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scleritis
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inflammation of the sclera
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scleromalacia
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softening or thinning of the sclera
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strabismus
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a condition of ocular misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
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xerophthalmia
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condition involving dry eye(s)
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extraocular movement (EOM)
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movement of the upper eyelids and eyeballs through the use of the extraocular muscles; assessed during clinical examination to screen for eye movement disorders
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fluorescein angiography
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visualization and photographic recording of the flow of an orange fluorescent dye through the blood vessels of the eye
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keratometer
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instrument for measuring the curvature of the cornea
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ophthalmoscope
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instrument used for examining the interior of the eye through the pupil
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ophthalmoscopy
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use of the ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye
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pupillometer
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instrument for measuring the diameter of the pupil
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pupillometry
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measurement of the pupil
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refraction
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test using a manual refractor to determine an exact vision prescription
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retinoscopy
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examination of the retina
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Snellen chart
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chart containing symbols that is used in the testing of visual acuity
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tonometer
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instrument for measuring pressure within the eye
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tonometry
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use of the tonometer to measure intraocular pressure within the eye; done to diagnose glaucoma
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visual acuity (VA) testing
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testing for the sharpness (clarity) of distant vision, usually with a Snellen chart; normal vision acuity is 20/20
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visual field (VF) testing
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assessment of the range (area) visible to one eye without movement
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blepharoplasty
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surgical repair of the eyelid
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cataract extraction
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surgical removal of a cataract
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cryoretinopexy
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surgical fixation of a detached retina or retinal tear by using extreme cold (freezing) to seal the tear
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dacryocystotomy
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incision into the tear sac
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enucleation
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removal of an eyeball
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intraocular lens (IOL) implant
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implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens
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iridectomy
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excision of part of the iris
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iridotomy
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incision into the iris, usually with a laser, to allow drainage of aqueous humor in therapy for narrow-angle glaucoma
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keratoplasty
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surgical repair of the cornea; corneal transplantation
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laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
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procedure that uses a laser to create a corneal flap and reshape the corneal tissue; used to correct vision problems such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism
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phacoemulsification
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use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract, followed by aspiration and removal
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photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
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procedure using a laser to reshape the cornea to correct vision
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retinal photocoagulation
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repair of a retinal detachment or tear by using a laser beam to coagulate the tissues to allow a seal to form
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scleral buckling
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repair of a retinal detachment by attaching a band (buckle) around the sclera to keep the retina from pulling away
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sclerotomy
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incision into the sclera
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trabeculectomy
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surgical procedure to create a drain to reduce pressure within the eye
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vitrectomy
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removal of all or part of the vitreous humor
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corticosteroid
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drug that reduces inflammation; used to treat swelling and itching of the eye
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hypotonic
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drug used to relieve dry irritated eyes
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miotic
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drug used to constrict the pupil
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mydriatic
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drug used to dilate the pupil
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prostaglandin
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drug that relaxes muscles in the eye's interior structure to allow better outflow of fluids
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optician
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one who fills prescriptions for corrective lenses
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optometry
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medical specialty concerned with the measurement of vision and prescription of corrective treatment or lenses
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optometrist
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one who practices optometry
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ophthalmology
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medical specialty concerned with the study of the eye, its diseases, and refractive errors
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ophthalmologist
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physician who specializes in ophthalmology
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EOM
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(Abbrev.) extraocular movement
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IOL
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(Abbrev.) intraocular lens
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IOP
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(Abbrev.) intraocular pressure
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LASIK
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(Abbrev.) laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
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OD
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(Abbrev.) right eye (oculus dexter)
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OS
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(Abbrev.) left eye (oculus sinister)
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OU
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(Abbrev.) each eye or both eyes (oculus uterque)
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PRK
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(Abbrev.) photorefractive keratectomy
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VA
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(Abbrev.) visual acuity
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VF
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(Abbrev.) visual field
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auricle (pinna)
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external portion of the ear
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external auditory meatus (external auditory canal)
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canal that extends from the auricle to the tympanic membrane
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cerumen
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waxy substance created by glands of the external auditory means; earwax
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tympanic membrane (TM)
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eardrum; a semitransparent membrane that vibrates to transmit sound waves to the ossicles; separates the external auditory meatus from the ear cativity.
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mastoid bone and cells
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bone located behind the ear that is filled with air cavities and encloses the middle ear
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pharyngotympanic tube (eustachian tube, auditory tube)
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tubular channel that runs from the middle ear cavity to the pharynx
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auditory ossicles
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middle ear bones contained in the tympanic cavity that transmit sound vibrations
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malleus
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auditory ossicle shaped like a hammer or club
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incus
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auditory ossicle shaped like an anvil
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stapes
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auditory ossicle shaped like a stirrup
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labyrinth
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inner ear, which is made up of a series of semicircular canals, the vestibule, and the cochlea
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cochlea
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a small-shaped organ that contains the organ of hearing
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spiral organ (organ of Corti)
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receptor for hearing located within the cochlea; the organ of hearing
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vestibule
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anatomic chamber such as that found in the inner ear
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semicircular canals and ducts
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small tubes in the labyrinth that contain receptors that assist the body in maintaining balance
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acous/o
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(combining form(s)) hearing, sound
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audi/o
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(combining form(s)) hearing
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aur/i, aur/o, ot/o
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(combining form(s)) ear
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cochle/o
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(combining form(s)) cochlea
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labyrinth/o
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(combining form(s)) labyrinth, inner ear
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mastoid/o
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(combining form(s)) mastoid bone
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myring/o, tympan/o
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(combining form(s)) tympanic membrane, eardrum
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staped/o
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(combining form(s)) stapes
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vestibul/o
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(combining form(s)) vestibule
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dys-
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(prefix) difficult, abnormal
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-acousis, -acusis
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(suffix) hearing
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-algia
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(suffix) pain
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-ectomy
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(suffix) excision, surgical removal
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-stomy
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(suffix) surgical opening
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acoustic
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pertaining to hearing or sound
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auditory
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pertaining to hearing
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aural (otic)
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pertaining to the ear
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cochlear
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pertaining to the cochlea
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labyrinthine
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pertaining to the labyrinth or inner ear
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mastoid
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pertaining to the mastoid bone and cells
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tympanic
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pertaining to the tympanic membrane or tympanic cavity
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vestibular
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pertaining to the vestibule
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acoustic neuroma
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a benign tumor that develops on the acoustic nerve (the eighth cranial nerve that connects the ear to the brain) and causes hearing loss
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cerumen impaction
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excessive buildup of earwax
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cholesteatoma
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cystlike tumor of skin in the middle ear behind the tympanic membrane usually caused by chronic otitis media
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conductive hearing loss
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hearing loss due to obstruction or lesion in the outer and/or middle ear
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dysacousia
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impairment of hearing involving difficulty in the processing of sound
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labyrinthitis
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inflammation of the inner ear
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mastoiditis
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inflammation of the mastoid bone
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Meniere disease (Meniere syndrome)
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a chronic condition of the inner ear characterized by dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss, and a sensation of pressure in the ear
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myringitis
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inflammation of the tympanic membrane
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otalgia
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pain in the ear
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otitis externa (OE)
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inflammation of the external auditory meatus; also known as "swimmer's ear"
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otitis media (OM)
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inflammation of the middle ear
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otomycosis
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fungal infection in the ear
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otopyorrhea
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discharge of pus from the ear
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otosclerosis
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hardening of the ossicles, particularly the stapes
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presbycusis
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impaired hearing caused by old age
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sensorineural hearing loss
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hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve
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tinnitus
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noises in the ear, such as ringing, buzzing, or humming
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tympanic membrane perforation
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a hole in or rupture of the eardrum
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vertigo
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a spinning sensation commonly used to mean dizziness
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audiogram
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record of hearing (presented in graph form)
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audiometer
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instrument for measuring hearing
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audiometry
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measurement of hearing
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decibel (dB)
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unit for expressing the intensity of sound
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electronystagmography (ENG)
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recording of eye movements in response to electrical impulses to diagnose balance problems
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hertz (Hz)
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unit of measure of frequency or pitch of sound
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otoscope
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instrument for examining the ear
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otoscopy
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use of an otoscope to examine the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane
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tympanogram
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record of middle ear function (presented in graph form)
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tympanometer
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instrument for measuring middle ear function
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tympanometry
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measurement of middle ear function
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cochlear impant
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an electronic device implanted in the cochlea to stimulate the auditory nerve and provide hearing sensations for the profoundly deaf
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ear lavage
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irrigation of the ear to remove cerumen buildup
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labyrinthectomy
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excision of part of the labyrinth
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mastoidectomy
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excision of part of the mastoid bone
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mastoidotomy
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incision into the mastoid bone
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myringotomy (tympanostomy)
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surgical incision (opening) into the tympanic membrane to drain fluid from the middle ear (usually done with subsequent tympanostomy tube placement)
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otoplasty
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surgical repair of the external ear
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stapedectomy
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removal of the stapes and replacement with a prosthesis; done to correct hearing loss from otosclerosis
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tympanoplasty
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surgical repair of the tympanic membrane and/or middle ear
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tympanostomy tube placement
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placement of a tube in the tympanic membrane to relieve symptoms caused by fluid buildup
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antibiotic
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drug that acts against susceptible microorganisms; used to treat otitis media and other ear diseases caused by bacteria
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ceruminolytic
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a substance instilled into the external auditory canal to soften earwax
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otic
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any medication that can be instilled into the ear drop by drop
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audiology
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medical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of hearing disorders and fitting of hearing aids
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audiologist
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one who specializes in audiology
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otology
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medical specialty concerned with the study of the ears and treatment of ear disease
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otologist
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physician who specializes in otology
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otorhinolaryngology
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medical specialty concerned with diseases of the ear, nose, and throat
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otorhinolaryngologist
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physician who specializes in otorhinolaryngology
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AD
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(Abbrev.) right ear (auris dexter)
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AS
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(Abbrev.) left ear (auris sinister)
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AU
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(Abbrev.) each ear, both ears (auris utraque)
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dB
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(Abbrev.) decibel
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EENT
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(Abbrev.) eyes, ears, nose, and throat
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ENG
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(Abbrev.) electronystagmography
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ENT
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(Abbrev.) ears, nose, and throat
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Hz
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(Abbrev.) Hertz
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OE
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(Abbrev.) otitis extrema
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OM
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(Abbrev.) otitis media
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TM
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(Abbrev.) tympanic membrane
