question

Domain

answer

Outlines the professions scope of influence and the areas in which its members have established body of knowledge and expertise

question

Areas of Occupation

answer

ADLs, IADLs, Rest & Sleep, Education, Work, Play, Leisure, Social, Participation

question

Client Factors

answer

Values, Beliefs, Spirituality, Body Functions, Body Structures

question

Performance Skills

answer

Motor Skills, Sensory-Perception Skills, Emotional Regulation, Cognitive Skills, Communication & Social Skills

question

Performance Patterns

answer

Habits, Routines, Roles, Rituals

question

Context

answer

Cultural, Personal, Temporal, Virtual

question

Environmental

answer

Physical ,Social

question

Process

answer

Client-centered and focused on occupation

question

Process: Evaluation

answer

1. Occupational Profile 2. Analysis of Occupational Performance

question

Process: Intervention

answer

1. Plan 2. Implementation 3. Review

question

Process: Outcomes

answer

1. Health 2. Participation 3. Engagement in Occupations

question

Intervention (Treatment)

answer

The process and skilled actions taken by OT practitioners in collaboration with the client to facilitate engagement in occupation related to health and participation

question

Evaluation

answer

The process of obtaining and interpreting data necessary for intervention

question

Goal

answer

Measurable, achievable and be able to find

question

Outcome

answer

What occupational therapy actually achieves for the client

question

Re-Evaluation

answer

Analysis of client in response to intervention

question

Activity Analysis

answer

Allows the practitioner to understand the specific body structures, body functions, performance skills, and patterns in the activity to determine the generic demands the activity makes on the client

question

Therapeutic Use of Self

answer

Using a combination of empathy, narrative, and clinical reasoning the practitioner connects with the clients at an emotional level to assist them with their current life situation

question

Occupation "As a Means to an End"

answer

The process of achieving the clients goal in order to be discharged from therapy

question

Types of Clinical Reasoning

answer

Procedural, Interactive, Conditional, Narrative

question

Procedural

answer

a systematic and relational process that encompasses the concept of hypothesis generation and testing. This form of reasoning is used to choose wipes information to gather, to generate ideas or hypothesis about the Specific performance component deficits that may explain the problems that a client is experiencing. This is where the OT collaborates with other professionals and engages in continuous modifications of the plan and decides what to recommend at discharge.

question

Interactive

answer

OT uses therapeutic use of self to develop a collaborative partnership with the client. Provides feedback to the client and caregivers regarding the intervention process and uses appropriate communication skills. Focuses on the phenomenological experience of the client, the client's perspective, and requires the OT to listen carefully to the client story

question

Conditional

answer

a type of integrative reasoning that allows the OT to envision the possibilities for the client's future and explores alternate client's options. Focuses on the bio psychosocial aspects of the human being and emphasizes realistic hope for the client. Elicits what the client views as meaningful throughout the rehabilitation process.

question

Narrative

answer

a type of reasoning that addresses complex casualty mostly having to do with the social phenomenon. The use of stories to enhance understanding of the client's unique situation. Goes beyond telling to include future options and intentional consequences. Helps link past to current

question

Theories/Models

answer

Occupational Behavior, Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), Occupational Adaptation, Ecology of Human Performance, Person-Environment Occupational Performance Model (PEOP).

question

Occupational Behavior (O'Reilly)

answer

Concepts of Occupational Behavior are mainly based on ideas from philosophy, psychology, social psychology, sociology & anthropology

question

Model of Human Occupation-MOHO (Kielhofner)

answer

"A set of evolving theoretical arguments that are translated into specific technology for practice and are refined and tested through research"

question

Three main constructs of MOHO

answer

Volition, Habituation, Performance Capacity

question

Volition

answer

The source of motivation for occupation

question

Habituation

answer

The process by which occupation is organized into patterns or routines

question

Performance Capacity

answer

The physical and mental abilities that underlie skilled occupational performance. This subsystem is also called the mind-brain-body performance

question

Occupational Adaptation (Schkade & Shultz)

answer

Occupations, Adaptive Capacity, Relative Mastery, Occupational Adaptation Process-Complex Series of Steps

question

Ecology of Human Performance (Dunn)

answer

Person, Task, Context, Personal Context-Task Transaction

question

Person Environment Occupational Performance Model- PEOP (Christiansen & Baum)

answer

Person, Environment, Occupation, Occupational Performance & Participation

question

4 models of practice that shape work settings

answer

medical mode, educational model, community model, telehealth model

question

medical model focus

answer

identify and treat disease or dysfunction -OT FOR? biomechanical and NDT

question

education model focus

answer

learning and making behavioral changes necessary for success in school - OT FOR? role acquisition and cognitive remediation

question

community model focus

answer

engaging individual in community participation - OT FOR? develop performance skills

question

telehealth model focus

answer

provides medical, rehab, or educational services via telecommunication

question

Community Based Practices (Outpatient): 14 settings

answer

Early Intervention, Schools, Supported Education, Prevocational, Vocational, Residential, Partial Hospitalization/Day Hospital, Clubhouse, Adult Day Care, Outpatient/Ambulatory, Home Health, Hospice, Case Management, Wellness & Prevention

question

Early Intervention

answer

Based on "at risk" status of the infant or toddler who is younger than 3 y.o.

question

OT role in early intervention (5 areas)

answer

cognitive, physical, communication, social emotional adaptive

question

Schools

answer

OT services required for, and relating to, the educational setting

question

Supported Education

answer

Determined by agency's funding and person's attainment of goals

question

Prevocational

answer

Adolescents or adults who require intervention to develop skills that are prerequisite to work

question

OT role in prevocational programs

answer

building task skills, social interaction skills, work habits, interests and aptitudes

question

Vocational

answer

The development of specific vocational skills. Prerequisite abilities to work, has to develop his/her work capacities.

question

Residential

answer

Has developmental, medical, pr psychiatric condition that has resulted in functional deficits that impede indepenent living but are not severe enough to require hospitalization

question

Partial Hospitalization/Day Hospital

answer

Medical or psychiatric condition that has been sufficiently stabilized to enable an individual to be discharged to home or to a community residence still has symptoms remaining which require active treatment

question

Clubhouse

answer

Open to adults and elders with a current mental illness or a history of mental illness - voluntary - members work side by side as colleagues

question

Adult Day Care

answer

For adults and elders with chronic physical and/or psychosocial impairments, and /or for individuals who are frail but semi-independent

question

Outpatient/Ambulatory

answer

For a medical or psychiatric condition that is not serious enough to warrant hospitalization or for a condition that is not stabilized to enable the individual to be D/C from a hospital but that still has remaining symptoms requiring active treatment

question

Home Health

answer

Presence of a medical or psychiatric condition that is not serious enough to warrant hospitalization for a condition that has sufficiently stabilized to be D/C from a hospital but that still has remaining symptoms requiring active treatment

question

Hospice

answer

Terminal illness that has a life expectancy of 6 months or less. Services mostly at home and can be provided in an independent facility

question

Institutional Practices (Inpatient) 7 settings

answer

Acute Care Hospitals, Sub-Acute Hospitals, Long-Term Acute Hospitals, Rehabilitation Hospitals, Long Term Hospitals, Skilled Nursing Facilities, Forensic Settings

question

Acute Care Hospitals

answer

-Medical, psychiatric, and cannot be Tx on outpatient basis. -Initial onset of a new illness or a major health. -Acute exacerbation of a chronic illness. -5150 (psychiatry)-danger to self/others - LOS 1-7 days

question

OT role in acute care hospital

answer

-evaluation- quick and accurate screening of impeding function -intervention - medical stability - can be generalist or specialist

question

Sub-Acute Hospitals

answer

Medical, psychiatric, and condition has not stabilized enough for outpatient Tx. - LOS 5-30 days

question

OT role in sub acute care setting

answer

- evaluation- more indepth than acute - intervention - functional improvement in areas of occupation and performace skills

question

Long-Term Acute Hospitals

answer

Chronic or catastrophic illnesses or disabilities that require extensive medical care and/or dependency on life support or ventilators. LOS > 25 days

question

Role of OT in long term acute care hospital

answer

eval and intervention - pallitave care, prevention and tx of complications, attainment of client goals

question

Rehabilitation Hospitals

answer

intensive rehab for the Medically stable, but requires skilled rehabilitation for residual functional deficits LOS = weeks to months * minimum of 3 hours of therapy per day 6 days per week

question

OT role in a rehab hospital

answer

extensive focus (performance skills, performance patterns, occupational roles, environment assessment of planned D/C environment) intervention ( functional improvement, compensatory strategies, adaptive equipment, env modification, caregiver education)

question

Long-Term Hospitals

answer

Patient has medical Dx, and/or chronic condition that cannot be treated in outpatient (need nursing staff available 24/7 but are medically stable) LOS range from months to years

question

Skilled Nursing Facilities

answer

Patient has medical Dx, or psychiatric Dx, where deficits are chronic and required skilled care, and illness is stable with no acute Sx. (dementia, Parkinson's or terminally ill patients) LOS = 1 month to lifetime

question

Forensic Settings

answer

Due to engagement in criminal activity, client can be remanded to a variety of settings based on the nature of the crime and if psychiatric Dx is present.

question

Levels of Assistance

answer

Total Assistance, Maximum Assistance, Moderate Assistance, Minimum assistance, Supervision, Already Set-Up to Complete Task, Modified Independent, Independent

question

Total Assist

answer

100% Assistance

question

Maximum Assist

answer

75% Assistance

question

Moderate Assist

answer

50% Assistance

question

Minimum Assist

answer

25% Assistance

question

OT Memberships

answer

OTAC, AOTA, WFOT

question

OTAC

answer

Occupational Therapy Association of California (State Licensure)

question

AOTA

answer

American Occupational Therapy Association (National Organization)

question

WFOT

answer

World Federation of Occupational Therapy (International Organization)

question

SOAP Notes

answer

Subjective, Observable, Assessment, Plan

question

Subjective

answer

Strictly what the client states

question

Observable

answer

Observable data

question

Assessment

answer

Professional judgment and/or opinion

question

Plan

answer

Plan of Action

question

Universal Precautions

answer

Blood born pathogens (BBP), Viruses (HIV, Hepatitis A, B, C), Parasites (Malaria), Bacteria (Staph, E. Coli), Prions (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease), Urine, Feces

question

Standard Precautions

answer

1996 CDC created a new system combining Universal w/ Body Substance Precautions (All blood, Body Fluids, Secretions, Excretions (except sweat), Non-Intact Skin, and Mucous Membranes.

question

Occupational Risk Factors

answer

Occupational Imbalance, Occupational Deprivation, Occupational Alienation

question

Occupational Imbalance

answer

When individual's needs have not been met or balance has not been achieved in all practice domains of ADLs, work/productivity activity, leisure, rest, lay, social participation

question

Occupational Deprivation

answer

Dispossession, divestment, confiscation, or taken from and the influence of an external agency or circumstance that keeps a person from acquiring, using, or enjoying something (ex: failure to thrive in infants)

question

Occupational alienation

answer

When a person's activity is not in natural accordance with our humanity (ex: technology may not be inherently dangerous, but can lead us to alienation or lack of human need)

question

Wellness

answer

"a state that transcends the limitations of body, space, time, and circumstances, and reflects the fact that one is at peace with one's self and with others"

question

Types of wellness

answer

Physical, Emotional, Social, Spiritual, Intellectual, Occupational

question

Code of Ethics (6)

answer

Beneficence, Non-Maleficence, Autonomy, Justice, Veracity, Fidelity,

question

Professional Reprocussions

answer

Violations, Misconduct, Malpractice

question

Beneficence

answer

OT personnel shall demonstrate a concern for the well-being and safety of the recipients of their services

question

Non-Maleficence

answer

OT personnel shall intentionally refrain from actions that cause harm

question

Autonomy

answer

OT personnel shall respect the right of the individual to self-determination, privacy, confidentiality, and consent

question

Justice

answer

OT personnel shall promote fairness and objectivity

question

Veracity

answer

OT personnel shall provide comprehensive, accurate, and objective information when representing the profession

question

Fidelity

answer

OT personnel shall treat colleagues and other professionals with respect, fairness, discretion, and integrity

question

ethical distress

answer

the OT knows the correct action to take but an existing barrier prevents them from taking that course of action

question

ethical dilemma

answer

when there are two or more potentially correct ways to solve a problem however choosing one inhibits the other

question

AOTA Core Values & Attitudes (7)

answer

Altruism, Equality, Freedom, Justice, Dignity, Truth, Prudence

question

Altruism

answer

Unselfish concern for the well-being of others

question

Equality

answer

Requires that all individuals be perceived as having the same fundamental human rights and opportunities

question

Freedom

answer

Allows the individual to exercise choice and to demonstrate independence, initiative, and self-direction

question

Justice

answer

Places value on the upholding of such moral and legal principles as fairness, equality, truthfulness, and objectivity

question

Dignity

answer

Emphasizes the importance of valuing the inherent worth and uniqueness of each person

question

Truth

answer

Requires that we be faithful to facts and reality

question

Prudence

answer

The ability to govern and discipline one's self through the use if reason

question

OT regulatory agencies (ethics)

answer

AOTA, NBCOT, SRB

question

purpose of professional organizations

answer

1. further the profession 2. unite the profession around a shared vision 3. develop strategic initiatives to achieve the vision 4. advocate the profession and represent practitioners and students 5. networking opportunities

question

AOTA

answer

- national level - incorporated in 1917 - focus (guide professional standards, advocacy for stake holders) - publish AJOT and OT practice - headquarters in Bethesda Maryland

question

AOTA office positions

answer

Board of directors (president, VP, secretary and treasurer) representative assembly (policy setting) commissions (ethic and professional development) Special interest section (SIS) Assembly of student delegates (ASD) Accredidation council for OT education (ACOTE)

question

AOTPAC

answer

American OT political action committee - fundraises and supports political candidates that support OT

question

how many times per year is jot published

answer

7

question

how many special interests groups are there?

answer

1. developmental disabilities 2. children and youth 3. Home and community health 4. rehab and disability 5. work and industry 6. academic education 7. mental health 8. SI and processing

question

AOTF

answer

American Occupational therapy Foundation - nonprofit - maintains wilma west library - student scholarships - advances research , education and practice and public awareness

question

do you need to be an AOTA member to qualify for a AOTF scholarship?

answer

no

question

NBCOT

answer

National Board for Certification in OT

question

How many years is your certification valid?

answer

2 years

question

how many PDU are needed to renew your license?

answer

24

question

WFOT

answer

World Federation of OT -92 member countries

question

Role of WFOT

answer

-advances international standards of practice - promotes international cooperation -development of culturally relevant educational programs

question

when is world OT day?

answer

October 27th

question

Affiliated State Associations

answer

- serve local and regional needs of Ot practice - advocate for legislation at the state level

question

State regulatory Board (SRB)

answer

- registered OT's can apply for state licensure at the SRB -focus on consumer protection

question

CBOT

answer

California Board of OT - falls under the department of consumer affairs - advanced practice certifications

question

members of the CBOT

answer

seven members: - 5 appointed by governor - 1 by speaker of the assembly - 1 by the senate rules committee

question

how often do you need to renew licensure in CA

answer

2 years

question

OTAC

answer

OT association of California - 1976 - non profit profesional society representing more than 14,000 OTs and OTAs - elected board of directors - OTAC code of ethics

question

Levels of supervision

answer

- OTR/L oversees COAT and OT aides - COTA oversees OT aids - level II students can oversee OT aids if it is a non client related task

question

who is allowed to supervise field work for level I vs Level II

answer

level I- OT student can be supervised by any healthcare professional or COTA level II- must be supervised by an OTR with a minimum of 1 year experience

question

Standards of continuing competence (AOTA, 2015)

answer

1. knowledge 2. Critical Reasoning 3. interpersonal Bilities 4. performance skills 5. ethical reasoning

question

wellness

answer

a state of optimal wellbeing oriented towards maximizing an individuals potential. a life long process of moving towards enhancing physical, intellectual emotional social spiritual and environmental wellbeing

question

prevention

answer

management of factors that lead to impairment, disease or disability ex: vaccines and toxin removal, colonoscopy

question

primary prevention

answer

preventing people from developing / acquiring disease, illness or injury

question

secondary prevention

answer

efforts to reduce duration, severity, and sequelae of illness or disability

question

tertiary prevention

answer

rehabillitation, adaptation and accommodations that occur after illness or injury

question

health promotion includes

answer

- encouraging healthy lifestyles - creating supportive - strengthening community action - reorienting health services - building healthy public policy

question

Ottawa Charter for Health promotion (1986) prerequisites for health

answer

international agreement in world health policy - peace -shelter -education - food - income - stable ecosystem - sustainable resources - social justice and equity

question

what is healthy people 2020

answer

initiative for improving the health of the nation

question

goal # 1 of healthy people 2020

answer

1. attain high quality, longer lives, free of preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death (life expectancy, quality of life and health related quality of life)

question

Goal #2 of healthy people 2020

answer

achieve health equity, eliminate disparities and improve the health of all groups (gender, race, education of income, disability, geographic location and sexual orientation)

question

health equity

answer

all people have access to education, nutritious food, safe housing, affordable public transportation, health insurance and clean water.

question

goal #3 of healthy people 2020

answer

promote quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors across all life sages

question

goal #4 of healthy people 2020

answer

create social and physical environments that promote good health for all

question

current trends in community focused OT

answer

-work place legislation - promote community health by reducing toxic env exposure - increase socialization to increase community health

question

steps of community health initiatives

answer

- community needs assessment - set goals and priorities - intervention - monitoring - outcome

question

societal factors influencing paradigm shift from cure model to care model

answer

- aging population - increased rate of chronic disease - soaring health care costs - increased rate of survival from SCI, TBI, and other trauma

question

how many adults have one or more chronic conditions?

answer

about half

question

how many adults have two or more chronic conditions?

answer

1/4

question

how many american deaths are the result of chronic diseases, heart disease, and cancer?

answer

7 out of 10 48% of all deaths

question

if an individual adopts a health lifestyle at age 50 they reduce their risk of diabetes by what percentage?

answer

37%

question

individuals who are active or become active after age 40 are how much less likely to develop coronary heart disease?

answer

55%-60%

question

6 dimensions of wellness

answer

1 . physical 2. emotional 3. social 4. spiritual 5. intellectual 6. occupational

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