Sports Medicine Terms-AZ – Flashcards
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repetition maximum Maximum amount of weight that can be lifted in one movement
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1 RM
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Active assisted range of motion; clinician assists patient when patient has trouble performing movement
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AAROM
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Sagittal movement away from midline of the body
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Abduction
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Scraping away of skin due to friction
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Abrasion
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Fresh; brand new or rapid onset
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Acute
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Muscle soreness usually due to acid buildups within the tissues; quickly resolves
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Acute onset muscle soreness
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Sagittal movement toward the midline of the body
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Adduction
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Fat tissue
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Adipose tissue
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Uses oxygen
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Aerobic
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Harmonious functioning of muscles, joints, bones, and soft tissues during the performance of motor skills
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Agility/coordination
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Muscle that is moving
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Agonist
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Primary muscle causing movement
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Agonist
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Absence or suppression of normal menstrual cycle
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Amenorrhea
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Slightly movable joints
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Amphiarthrosis
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Does not use oxygen
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Anaerobic
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Pain reliever
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Analgesic
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Severe allergic reaction
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Anaphylaxis
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Decreased ability to transport oxygen and more prone to fatigue and illness
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Anemia
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A substance that causes lack of feeling or awareness
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Anesthetic
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Refusing to eat
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Anorexia
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Muscle that potentially opposes movement
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Antagonist
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Muscle opposing the primary muscle causing movement
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Antagonist
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Front side
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Anterior
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Fever reducer
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Antipyretic
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Arms and legs
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Appendages
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Active range of motion; patient performs motion by his/herself
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AROM
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Chronic inflammation of joints and joint surfaces
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Arthritis
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Study of joints
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Arthrology
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Bone ends that come together and form a joint
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Articulation
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Less invasive surgery involving the use of a scope, or camera, to see what is problem inside joints
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Athroscopy
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Adenosine Triphosphate; body energy unit
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ATP
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Wasting away of tissue due to lack of use
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Atrophy
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Tissue death due to lack of blood
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Avascular necrosis
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Level of consciousness check: alert, verbal, pain, unconscious
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AVPU
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Open wound with a flap of skin
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Avulsion
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Forceful tearing of a tissue/bone
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Avulsion
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Head, neck and trunk
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Axial skeleton
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Bouncing
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Ballistic
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Both sides
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Bilateral
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Use of a cravat to secure/immobilize a body part
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Binder/swathe
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Amount of bone tissue in a certain volume of bone
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Bone density
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Abnormally slow heartbeat
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Bradycardia
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Binge and purge eating
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Bulimia
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Inflammation of a bursa
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Bursitis
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Unit of fuel for body; kcal
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Calories
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More expensive piece of equipment that can be used over a period of time
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Capital supply
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Primary fuel source 4 cal/g
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Carbohydrates
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Towards bottom
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Caudal
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Infection of tissues just below the skin
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Cellulitis
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Towards the top
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Cephalic
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Continuing education unit
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CEU
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Degeneration of knee cartilage
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Chondromalacia
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Develops over time
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Chronic
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Fracture that does not break through the skin
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Closed/simple fracture
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When the extremity remains in constant contact with an immovable surface
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Closed-chain activity
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Fracture with multiple pieces
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Comminuted fracture
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Increased pressure within a compartment compromising other structures in that same compartment
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Compartment syndrome
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Fracture which breaks through the skin
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Compound/open fracture
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Pressed into less space
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Compression
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Shortening of a muscle
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Concentric contraction
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Keeping information about patient private
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Confidentiality
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Condition that occurs from birth
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Congenital
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Shrinking or shortening
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Constriction
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One- or two-time use supply; usually inexpensive
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Consumable supplies
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Shortening of the length of a muscle due to decreased ROM
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Contracture
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Something dangerous or ill-advised for patient
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Contraindication
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Opposite side
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Contralateral
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Crushing of tissue
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Contusion
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Squeaky, grinding, grating sensation
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Crepitus
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Cold therapy
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Cryotherapy
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Lack of blood/oxygen causes pale, ashy skin color
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Cyanosis
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To clean out
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Debridement
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Inside body near bone
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Deep
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Lack of body water
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Dehydration
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Relaxing or pushing shoulders down
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Depression
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Determining and identifying the problem
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Diagnosis
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Shaft of bone
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Diaphysis
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Highly movable joint
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Diarthrosis
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Dislocation or separation of 2 normally attaches bones between which there is no true joint
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Diastasis
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When ventricles are relaxed; low number
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Diastolic pressure
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Enlarging
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Dilation
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Nonunion of a joint; separation of bones
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Dislocation
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Further away from trunk of the body
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Distal
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Soreness due to microtraumas within tissue usually caused by too much or different activity
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DOMS- delayed onset muscle soreness
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Back side
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Dorsal
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Bring toes towards trunk
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Dorsiflexion
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Length of time
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Duration
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Stretching method using full range of motion
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Dynamic stretching
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Shortness of breath
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Dyspena
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Controlled lengthening of a muscle
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Eccentric contraction
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Discoloration, bruising
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Ecchymosis
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Swelling
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Edema
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Swelling/inflammation
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Effusion
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Use of electronic modalities
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Electrotherapy
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Raising the shoulders
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Elevation
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The ability to repeat motions over time
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Endurance
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Hormone that stimulates sympathetic nervous system
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Epinephrine
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Ends of bone that form part of a joint
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Epiphysis
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Nosebleed
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Epistaxis
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Study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and work environment
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Ergonomics
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Red blood cells; carry oxygen in bloodstream
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Erythrocytes
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Minimal body fat required for basic body function; hormone production, reproductive function and proper nerve conduction
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Essential body fat
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Cause of condition
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Etiology
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rotate foot laterally
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Eversion
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Joint moves or straightens back towards anatomical position
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Extension
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Rotating away from midline of body
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External rotation
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Removal of equipment or removal from place
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Extrication
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Sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, separates muscle
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Fascia
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Second fuel source needing oxygen 9 cal/g
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Fats
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Amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and stress fractures
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Female athlete triad
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Unorganized, random heart contractions
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Fibrillation
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Second phase of tissue healing in which collagen fiber meshwork is formed; scar formation
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Fibroplasia
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First person to arrive at the scene to provide care
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First responder
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Joint moves or bends from anatomical position
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Flexion
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Sitting up at 45 degree angle
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Fowler's position
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How often
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Frequency
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Dividing body into anterior and posterior parts
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Frontal/coronal plane
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Knock-kneed
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Genu valgum
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Bow-legged
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Genu varum
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Incomplete fracture found mainly in young populations
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Greenstick fracture
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Root word meaning blood
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Hema or hemo
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Collection of blood in an area
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Hematoma
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Red blood cell manufacturing
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Hemopoiesis
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Bleeding
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Hemorrhage
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Collapsing lung caused by bleeding in the pleural cavity
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Hemothorax
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Protrusion or tissue through a connective tissue
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Hernia
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Health information ...; makes sharing of patient information with unapproved individuals a crime
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HIPPA
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Health Maintenance Organization
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HMO
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Maintaining a constant internal environment
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Homeostasis
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History, Observation, Palpation, Stress Tests; method of injury/illness assessment documentation
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HOPS
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Health Occupations Students of America
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HOSA
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prefix meaning more/higher
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Hyper-
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Heat illness
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Hyperthermia
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Muscle growth
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Hypertrophy
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Prefix meaning less/lower
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Hypo-
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Cold illness
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Hypothermia
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Lack of oxygen
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Hypoxia
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Unknown cause
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Idiopathic
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Cut with clean edges
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Incision
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Appropriate for patient use
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Indication
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Swelling, heat, redness, pus, loss of function
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Infection signs
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Swelling, heat, ache, redness, pain
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Inflammation signs
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Skin, hair and nails
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Integumentary system
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The degree of effort required to complete a physical activity
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Intensity
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Rotating towards midline of body
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Internal rotation
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Prefix meaning inside
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Intra-
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Rotate foot medially
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Inversion
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Same side
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Ipsilateral
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Insufficient blood supply to an organ
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Ischemia
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Contraction of muscle through ROM with varied resistance and fixed velocity
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Isokinetic
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Contraction of muscle without ROM
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Isometric
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Contraction of muscle through a ROM with fixed resistance
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Isotonic
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Suffix meaning inflammation of
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-itis
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Yellow discoloration of skin and/or eyes; usually related to liver/gallbladder dysfunction
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Jaundice
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Study of human movement
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Kinesiology
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Curvature of thoracic spine
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Kyphosis
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Cut with jagged edges
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Laceration
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Located further from the midline of the body
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Lateral
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Side-lying
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Lateral recumbent
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Looseness; abnormal movement
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Laxity
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White blood cells: fight injury/infection
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Leukocytes
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A type of legal regulation
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Licensure
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Curvature of lumbar spine
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Lordosis
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Failure of a professional to render proper services through ignorance or criminal intent especially when injury or loss occurs
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Malpractice
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Using a partner to provide resistance through a motion
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Manual resistance
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Highest beats per minute a person's heart can achieve
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Maximum Heart Rate
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Located closer to the midline of the body
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Medial
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Government program of medical insurance for persons of all ages within certain income limits
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Medicaid
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Government program of health insurance for qualifying citizens aged 65 or older
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Medicare
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Crescent shaped cartilage between 2 bones
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Meniscus
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Organelle inside a cell that is responsible for energy production and cellular respiration; powerhouse
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Mitochondria
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To put into movement
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Mobilization
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Increase in white blood cells; Epstein Barr virus that also causes spleen to enlarge
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Mononucleosis
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Motor nerve and all the muscle fibers it stimulates
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Motor unit
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Methicillin Resistant Staphylococeus Aureus infection that is resistant to most antibiotics
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MRSA
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Tissue death
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Necrosis
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Not providing appropriate care/direction or not doing anything at all to prevent injury/illness
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Negligence
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Affecting nerve
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Neural
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
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NSAIDs
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Concrete, observable and accurate
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Objective
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OT's treat patients with injuries, illnesses, or disabilities through the therapeutic use of everyday activities. They help these patients develop, recover, and improve the skills needed for daily living and working.
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Occupational therapist
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Exercises where the extremities are free to move
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Open-chain activity
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Occupational safety and health administration
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OSHA
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Bone-forming cells
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Osteoblasts
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Bone-eating cells
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Osteoclasts
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Study of bones
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Osteology
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Weakening of bones due to decreased calcium storage
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Osteoporosis
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Ear discharge
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Otorrhea
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Increased demands on body cause changes and adaptations
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Overload principle
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Using touch to examine
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Palpation
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Thermotherapy method of wax mixture of heating fingers/toes
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Paraffin
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Physical condition or problem that occurs
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Pathology
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Pupisl are equal, round, and responsive to light
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PEARRL
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Breaking up strength and conditioning routine into cycles with different goals during each
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Perioditization
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High arched foot
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Pes cavus
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Flat foot
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Pes planus
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Cells that eat damaged, infected material to clean up
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Phagocytosis
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Study of drugs
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Pharmacology
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Light sensitivity
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Photophobia
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DPT's help people who have injuries or illnesses improve their movement and manage their pain. They are often an important part of rehabilitation and treatment of patients with chronic conditions or injuries.
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Physical Therapist
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Study of how living organisms function
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Physiology
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Substance containing no active ingredient
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Placebo
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Pointing toes
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Plantarflexion
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Form of conditioning for power and explosiveness
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Plyometrics
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Collapsing lung
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Pneumothorax
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Combination of relaxing and contraction of the muscles
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PNF- proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
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Back side
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Posterior
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Personal Protective Equipment
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PPE
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Pre-participation exam; physical
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PPE
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Preferred-provider organization
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PPO
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Protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation
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PRICE
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A large amount
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Profuse
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Passive range of motion; clinician performs motion for the patient
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PROM
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Palms and forearms facing down
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Pronation
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Laying on belly
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Prone
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Something the protects or prevents injury/illness
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Prophylaxis
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Sense of the relative position of one's body parts and how to move them
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Proprioception
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Fuel that builds muscle/tissue; last fuel source 4 cal/g
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Proteins
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Rolling shoulders forward
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Protraction
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Closer towards the trunk of the body
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Proximal
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Angle formed by lines representing the pull of the quadriceps muscles and the axis of the patellar tendon
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Q-angle
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Medical procedure to correct improper alignment
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Reduction
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The act of doing or performing again
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Repetition
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A force that opposes motion
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Resistance
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Basal heart rate (beats per minute) with no exertion
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Resting Heart Rate
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Pulling shoulders backward
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Retraction
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Nasal discharge
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Rhinorrhea
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Rest, ice, compression, elevation
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RICE
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Range of motion
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ROM
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Resistive range of motion; clinician or other device provides resistance to patient performing movement
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RROM
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Red skin
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Rubidor
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Dividing body into left and right parts
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Sagittal/midsagittal plane
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Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands
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SAID principle
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Lateral curvature of spine
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Scoliosis
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Job description or list of job duties
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Scope of practice
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Inadequate blood volume
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Shock/hypoperfusion
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Exercise that stresses muscles on side of your waist
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Side bend
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Observable condition of injury/illness
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Sign
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Tool used for stretching of Achilles/calf muscles
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Slant board
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Subjective information, Objective Information, Assessment, Plan of action
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SOAP
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Involuntary muscle contraction; similar to a cramp
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Spasm
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Blood pressure cuff
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Sphygmomanometer
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Stabilization
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Splint
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Fracture and slippage of vertebrae
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Spondylolistheses
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Degeneration of the vertebrae
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Spondylosis
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Stretch or tear of ligament
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Sprain
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Air filled ball used for stability, proprioception, and strengthening
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Stability balls/balance balls
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Not moving; holding still
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Static
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Hold stretch position for a period of time
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Static stretching
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Stretch or tear of muscle
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Strain
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Fracture that develops over a period of time due to overuse, disordered eating, or osteoporosis
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Stress fracture
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Estimate; non-observable information
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Subjective
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Under the tongue
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Sublingual
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Bones at joint separate then move back into place
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Subluxation
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Under the nail
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Subungual
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Close to skin
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Superficial
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Palms and forearms facing up
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Supination
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Laying on back
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Supine
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Condition that is reported by the patient
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Symptom
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Non-movable joints
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Synarthorsis
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Fainting
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Syncope
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Inflammation of a joint causing increased synovial fluid production
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Synovitis
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When ventricles contract; high number
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Systolic pressure
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Rapid heartbeat
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Tachycardia
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A heart rate that is 55%-85% of maximum heart rate used as a guide when exercising
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Target Heart Rate
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Inflammation of a tendon
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Tendinitis
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Transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation
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TENS
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Heat therapy
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Thermotherapy/thermal
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Chest and upper trunk region
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Thorax
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Chest
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Thorax
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Ringing in ears
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Tinnitus
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Applied to skin
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Topical
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Twisting force
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Torsion
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Process of changing from recondition to another
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Transition
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Dividing body into upper and lower halves
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Transverse/horizontal plane
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Process of determining the order to treat patients
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Triage
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Upper body ergometer, upper body exerciser- bike motion for the arms
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UBE
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Sore or wound
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Ulcer
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Using sound waves to penetrate tissues for healing
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Ultrasound
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MCL, ACL and medial meniscus tear
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Unhappy or terrible triad
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Equipment and procedures used to decrease chance of disease transmission
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Universal or standard precautions/BSI
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Force applied to lateral side
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Valgus stress
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Force applied to medial side
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Varus stress
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Blood flow related
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Vascular
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Blood flow closed down as vessels squeezed shut
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Vasoconstriction
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Increased blood flow by opening up
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Vasodilation
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Front side
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Ventral
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State of being in good physicals and mental health
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Wellness
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Tools used in strengthening and proprioception that provide an unstable surface
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Wobble board
