question

Any object that reinforces the speaker's point visually or orally so the audience can better understand it is called a

answer

Presentation aid

question

Presentation aids are beneficial because it is said that a person learns more from ________ than from all of the other senses combined.

answer

sight

question

Karen wanted to show a picture of the area of the country she was discussing because she knew that people who simultaneously see something and hear about it remember ________ of the information.

answer

50%

question

As she thought about her presentation, Parul assumed the role of an audience member and considered not only what the audience members hear, but also what they would see in her presentation aids. Parul is demonstrating the concept of a ________ rhetorician.

answer

visual

question

Molly brought in her collection of Barbie dolls to enhance her presentation on toys that had been popular for more than 50 years. What type of presentation aid is Molly using?

answer

object

question

Since he couldn't bring in an actual 1960 Chevrolet Corvette, Michael bought a kit and built one to show the class. What type of presentation aid does this represent?

answer

model

question

The most common type of presentation aid is the ________ aid.

answer

two-dimensional

question

Kylie's speech is on the digestive system and she created a presentation aid that showed the system in three colors with callout words that helped describe the system. Kylie has created a

answer

drawing

question

In order for her audience to visualize the declining conditions of the school lunchroom, it would be best for Janette to use a ________ as her presentation aid.

answer

photograph

question

According to the text, a typical map is designed to be read from a distance of no more than ________ feet.

answer

two

question

Charlie wants to create a picture out of all of his statistical data. What type of presentation aid does Charlie need?

answer

graph

question

Which type of graph is best to use if a speaker wants to demonstrate data that covers an extensive period of time?

answer

line

question

In order to create the most professional presentation, a speaker should consider using

answer

PowerPoint

question

To show her audience the chart she had created for her presentation, Natalie held up her notecard and passed it back and forth slowly in front of herself. What is the biggest principle Natalie violated when creating her presentation aid?

answer

make it big enough for the audience to see

question

What rule should a speaker follow when using handouts?

answer

don't distribute handouts during the speech unless your audience must refer to them

question

A speech to ________ shares information with others to enhance their knowledge or understanding of the concepts being presented.

answer

inform

question

According to the text, a speech to inform is based on three goals: to enhance understanding, to maintain interest, and to

answer

be remembered

question

Statistics show that most listeners remember about ________ of what they hear in a speech from the day before.

answer

50%

question

Jessie's speech on the Washington Monument was well received by the class. His speech was about a(n)

answer

object

question

Which of the following is an example of a speech about a procedure

answer

Trish told the class how to prepare their first resume

question

A biographical speech is an example of a speech about

answer

people

question

For Josiah's speech on the history of the Olympic Games, he decided to talk about the political and economic impact of the games. He has organized his speech

answer

topically

question

Of all the types of informative speeches, speeches about ________ are considered the most abstract.

answer

ideas

question

When a speaker's message demonstrates ________, the ideas are expressed so that the listener understands the intended message accurately.

answer

clarity

question

The art and science of teaching adults is known as

answer

androgogy

question

Kinesthetic learners learn best when they __________ while learning

answer

move

question

Connie learns best when she watches a YouTube video about the topic. Connie can be described as a(n) ________ learner.

answer

visual

question

The text provides three strategies to help a speaker motivate an audience to listen. Which one of the following is NOT one of those strategies?

answer

build in redundancy

question

To enhance audience recall, a speaker should make the key ideas short and simple. This is proven by studies that show people can hold about ________ pieces of information in their short-term memory.

answer

seven

question

Halle knows her speech will focus on encouraging audience members to join the Big Brothers/Big Sisters organization. Halle has determined her

answer

specific purpose

question

A ________ search engine indexes World Wide Web information in a specific field.

answer

vertical

question

Trisha is opening a flower shop and wants to set up a Web site so her customers can find her shop. What type of domain is typically associated with a company that sells products and services like Trisha?

answer

.com

question

After looking at the Web site, Jarret decided not to use it as a source because the site was unsigned and there was no sponsoring organization. Which criteria for evaluating an Internet resource does this represent?

answer

accountability

question

In order to access an online database, you would typically have to

answer

go to a library

question

Which source of supporting material requires the use of a card catalog?

answer

traditional library

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the five research strategies recommended in the text?

answer

develop a final bibliography

question

A ________ bibliography consists of a list of promising potential sources a speaker might use.

answer

preliminary

question

Micala told her audience about the time she drove through the mountains and was frightened her car would fall off the edge. Her story is an example of a(n)

answer

illustration

question

As she started her speech, Anne asked her audience to imagine what it would be like to swim across the English Channel like Diana Nyad. This is an example of a(n) ________ illustration.

answer

hypothetical

question

A speaker would use a(n) ________ to make clear how something is done or why it exists in its present form.

answer

explanation

question

Chad told his audience that the horse he was referring to was a type of race horse. This demonstrates what type of definition of the horse?

answer

definition by classification

question

An analogy can best be described as a

answer

comparison

question

The original collector and interpreter of data is known as the ________source

answer

primary

question

While she is not a veterinarian, Jan has had a dog her entire life and felt she was a good source on grooming tips for pets. If she was used as source, Jan's information would be an example of

answer

lay testimony

question

Marcus needs to discuss the Theory of Relativity in his speech to the science department. When choosing supporting material, he should focus on those things that provide ________ to give his audience specific examples of the theory.

answer

concreteness

question

According to the principle of ________, a speaker should discuss his or her most important points first.

answer

primacy

question

Which organizational pattern is based on the principles of primacy, recency, or complexity?

answer

topical

question

Connor's presentation details the battles of the Civil War from the earliest to the latest. Which type of organizational pattern best suits his topic?

answer

chronological

question

By the end of Sicily's speech, she wanted her audience to be able to describe the three campgrounds available to large groups within the Smoky Mountains. For this speech, Sicily should use the ________ organizational pattern.

answer

spatial

question

Demonstrations that are based on how to do something—such as to change a car tire—should be organized using the ________ pattern.

answer

chronological

question

Robert decided to compact his statistics for his presentation, so he started with broad statistics and progressed to precise statistics. What principle is Robert using to incorporate this supporting material for his speech?

answer

specificity

question

Hypothetical illustrations and analogies are both examples of ________ that can be used as supporting material.

answer

soft evidence

question

If a speaker places his or her most important supporting material at the end of the speech, then that speaker is using the principle of

answer

recency

question

Transitions, previews, and summaries are all examples of

answer

signposts

question

The ________ preview is usually used in conjunction with the central idea within the introduction of the speech.

answer

initial

question

As she reached the conclusion of her speech, Trisha said "In summary, the lack of clean water is a detriment to everyone. I urge you to get out and vote tomorrow. Thank you." Which part of her summary is an example of a transition?

answer

in summary

question

A ________ is a recap of what has been said and provides additional exposure to the speaker's ideas.

answer

summary

question

If a speaker says "Let's review for just a moment," that speaker is going to include a(n) ________ in the speech.

answer

internal summary

question

A speaker would use the mapping technique when he or she is

answer

developing the outline

question

Hillary wrote "take a pause" and "walk to the right" on her speaking notes to remind her to do these things during her speech. These directions on the speaking notes are called

answer

delivery cues

question

Which of the following would a speaker first do when developing a speech

answer

select a topic

question

What is the correct order of events a speaker should go through when preparing a speech?

answer

select and narrow the topic, determine the purpose, develop the central idea

question

Throughout every single phase of speech preparation, it is vital that a speaker take into consideration the

answer

audience

question

In order to come up with a topic for her speech, Stephanie took out a sheet of paper and wrote down everything she could think of over a three-minute period. What technique did Stephanie use?

answer

brainstorming

question

Brainstorming, listening, reading, and scanning Web directories are all strategies used to

answer

select a topic

question

Once a speaker has selected a topic, he or she must

answer

determine a purpose

question

When a professor lectures to a classroom of students, it is an example of a speech to

answer

inform

question

Which of the following speakers is speaking to persuade

answer

Natalie urged the audience to register to vote before August 1

question

The teacher asked Glen if his speech was designed to inform, persuade, or entertain. What part of the speech was the teacher asking Glen about?

answer

general purpose

question

the specific purpose should be based on

answer

a single idea

question

Kelly wants her audience to understand the need for clean water treatments. Kelly's goal for her speech is known as the

answer

behavioral objective

question

The thesis for a speech should be written as a

answer

complete declarative sentence

question

The central idea for Tonya's speech is: In my opinion, garbage removal should occur one day each week instead of the two our town is currently using and wasting. What type of language is Tonya using?

answer

qualified

question

The subdivisions of the topics within a speech are known as the

answer

main points

question

A statement of the central idea plus a preview of the main ideas known as a

answer

blueprint

question

Candace's teacher told her to be an audience-centered speaker. She can accomplish this by doing all of the following EXCEPT

answer

organizing her speech based on her general purpose

question

Which of the following is an example of a demographic

answer

religious views of the audience

question

A survey question that can be answered with a yes or no is called a(n) ________ question.

answer

closed-ended

question

The process of examining information about the listeners who will hear your speech is known as

answer

audience analysis

question

Janice plans to give a talk on bike safety to a group of cyclists that she bikes with every week. She is pleased that her audience is also involved in biking. Janice has identified a way in which she and her audience are alike. This is known as

answer

common ground

question

Since she knew the majority of her audience had voted against the immigration bill, Heidi decided to still talk about the importance of immigration laws in the U.S. By failing to customize her message based on the information she gathered, Heidi was failing at

answer

audience adaptation

question

Geoff could tell just by looking that the majority of his audience consisted of women under the age of 40. He used ________ audience analysis to determine this.

answer

demographic

question

The generation known as millennials were born no earlier than

answer

1982

question

The culturally constructed and psychologically based perception of one's self as feminine or masculine is known as

answer

gender

question

Paulette is from Paris and believes that everything French is better than anything American. Paulette's views are an example of

answer

ethnocentrism

question

The specific segment of the audience a speaker wants to address is known as the ________ audience.

answer

target

question

A ________ audience analysis explores the audience's attitudes toward a topic, purpose, and speaker while probing underlying beliefs and values that might affect these attitudes.

answer

psychological

question

Melinda is interested in what location and time of day her speech will take place as well as the size of the audience. To determine this, she should use a ________ audience analysis.

answer

situational

question

Charles quickly realized that his audience was confused about his three main points. What does the text suggest a speaker do when an audience appears confused?

answer

ask for feedback from an audience member to clarify the situation

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the four responses the text lists to determine feedback following a speech?

answer

context responses

question

From the studies cited in the text, which of the following accurately describes the fear of public speaking?

answer

It is normal to be nervous

question

When speaking to people from a culture different from their own, who is more likely to experience anxiety?

answer

men

question

Maria has always been nervous when called upon to speak; it is a general tendency for her. This exemplifies anxiety triggered by a

answer

trait

question

Which of the following speakers demonstrates public-speaking apprehension triggered by a state?

answer

Jeremy is comfortable speaking with new people he meets, but he is feeling very anxious about the speech he has to give tomorrow at work.

question

The text suggests that speakers rename their anxiety in order to tame it. How would a speaker do this?

answer

Tim told himself that his anxious feelings were a sign of excitement and would increase his adrenaline to improve his energy level for the speech.

question

At what point in the process of public speaking does the speaker feel the least anxiety?

answer

during a speech preparation

question

If you have a(n) ________ style of communication anxiety, you have a generally positive approach to communication in public

answer

average

question

In order to be associated with an insensitive style of communication apprehension, a speaker must have had

answer

previous public speaking experience

question

Knowing your communication apprehension style can help in three ways. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways?

answer

It remedies the apprehension you experience

question

One way to manage speech anxiety is to be a(n) ________-centered speaker

answer

audience

question

Jason spoke at the senior citizens' meeting last week. His topic focused on the three best ways to get into college. When his audience seemed to grow listless during the speech, Jason became very nervous and his voice began to shake. What did Jason fail to do to minimize his speech anxiety?

answer

consider the audience

question

Which of the following suggestion will help a speaker minimize anxiety

answer

practice the speech aloud

question

As the text notes, one way to minimize anxiety is to focus on your ________ and not your fear.

answer

accomplishment

question

Before rising to speak, one technique a speaker can use to channel nervous energy is to

answer

take a deep breaths

question

Which of the following speakers is attempting to reduce his or her anxiety by using positive self-talk?

answer

Griffin reminds himself that people like to talk to him and he is good at speaking one-on-one.

question

While Michael feels comfortable using slang with his coworkers, he would never use it in a presentation to the directors. Which aspect of conversation versus public speaking does this represent?

answer

Public speaking is more formal than conversation

question

Which of the following represents one of the three key differences between conversation and public speaking?

answer

Public speaking is more prepared than conversation

question

When a speaker delivers a speech with competence and confidence because he or she has the resources and information to make a good presentation, that speaker is experiencing

answer

empowerment

question

According to the text, what are the two long-term advantages related to studying public speaking?

answer

empowerment and employment

question

Carson made sure to listen carefully to the human resource manager's presentation. He wanted to make sure he heard everything about the new 401k plan so that he could research it more carefully at home to see if it was relevant to his needs. In this instance, Carson is using ________ thinking skills.

answer

critical

question

When you practice ________, you listen to and analyze information you hear to judge its accuracy and relevance.

answer

critical thinking

question

The ________ model of communication is represented by a simple transfer of meaning from a sender to a receiver.

answer

linear

question

Which aspect of public speaking involves the use of encoding

answer

speaker

question

What are the two channels used in public speaking

answer

visual and auditory

question

_________ is anything that interferes with the communication of a message

answer

noise

question

Which of the following speakers is being influenced by physiological noise?

answer

Karen has a bad cold and the medicine she took to alleviate her symptoms has clouded her memory

question

Realizing that the linear model of communication was too simplistic, later communication theorists added which two elements to make the interactive model?

answer

feedback and context

question

The most recent model developed by theorists is the _____ model

answer

transactive

question

For his speech on the civil rights movement, Connor delivered the "I Have a Dream" speech by Martin Luther King Jr. By delivering this famous speech, Connor was practicing the art of

answer

declamation

question

Which of the five classical canons developed by the ancient Romans is characterized by the creative process of developing the ideas for a speech?

answer

invention

question

Thee first state of the listening process is to...

answer

select

question

Bella snapped out of her daydream when the speaker quoted the statistics concerning violence on her college campus. Which stage of listening is Bella in now?

answer

selecting

question

After listening to the speaker talk about the dangers of GMOs in food, Katrine went home and immediately threw away everything she had containing the substance. What stage of listening does Katrine's behavior represent?

answer

responding

question

Which of the following represents the correct order of the steps in the listening process

answer

select, attend, understand, remember, respond

question

What is the premise associated with the working memory theory

answer

When a listener's capacity is reached, then it is harder to concentrate and remember what is heard

question

Which of these listeners is demonstrating prejudice during a speech

answer

When Sylvia first saw the speaker walk into the room, she thought he looked like he just crawled out of bed, and she knew he wouldn't have anything to say that would interest her.

question

When Sylvia first saw the speaker walk into the room, she thought he looked like he just crawled out of bed, and she knew he wouldn't have anything to say that would interest her.

answer

125

question

Which is an example of a nonverbal cue?

answer

smiling

question

For his speech on economic reform, Bruce dressed in a suit and tie and made sure his shoes were polished. The type of nonverbal cues Bruce is using will communicate ________ to his audience.

answer

power

question

After listening to the speaker describe how her dog saved her life during a fire, Janice felt very emotional and started to cry. What type of listening style does this represent?

answer

relational-oriented

question

While his coworkers dislike presentations that focus on numbers and financial forecasts, Leo loves information that is full of facts and details. Leo is a(n) ________ listener.

answer

analytical

question

The process of listening to evaluate the quality, appropriateness, value, or importance of the information you hear is known as ________ listening.

answer

critical

question

The speaker told the group of baseball fans that the Chicago Cubs would win the championship if they drafted the pitcher in the first round. The speaker's prediction is an example of a(n)

answer

inference

question

The contemporary meaning of ________ is the process of using symbols to create meaning to achieve a goal

answer

rhetoric

question

Robert's professor suggested that instead of saying "You barely smiled at all," Robert could say "I noticed that you smiled during the introduction and the conclusion." The professor wanted Robert to be ________ in his criticism.

answer

descriptive

question

Carson knew he could save money by visiting only half of his clients, but refused to do that because he knew it would be wrong. Carson is basing his decision on

answer

ethics

question

Stem-cell research and cloning are two current-day topics that focus on ________ debates among medical professionals.

answer

ethical

question

According to the National Communication Association's Credo for Communication Ethics, ethical communication is fundamental to responsible thinking, relationship development, and

answer

decision making

question

Which of the following aspects of credibility is directly connected with ethics?

answer

trustworthiness

question

Which Greek rhetorician introduced the word ethos to refer to a speaker's credibility?

answer

Aristotle

question

After rehearsing her speech in front of three friends, they told Lilly that while she sounded knowledgeable about the topic, she didn't present it dynamically. Knowledge and dynamism are both characteristics associated with

answer

credibility

question

While the Sedition Act was eventually allowed to lapse, what constitutional freedom did it restrict?

answer

speech

question

The American Civil Liberties Union was founded based on which restriction to free speech?

answer

clear and present danger

question

When the Supreme Court ruled that "actual malice" must be proven in slander cases, it was making this ruling for cases involving

answer

public officials

question

In 1989, the U.S. Supreme Court defended the ________ of the U.S. flag as a speech act protected by the First Amendment.

answer

burning

question

Following the September 11th terrorist attacks, ________ broadened the investigative powers of the government and was criticized by various groups for its infringement on free speech.

answer

The patriot act

question

While the real reason for his presentation was to sell time-share space at the condominium, Robert told his audience that they were there to hear about the new golf course opening up across the street. By misleading his audience, Robert can be labeled as a(n) ________ speaker.

answer

unethical

question

Fran is doing research for her speech and has met a professor who opposes her point of view. Rather than ignore his thoughts, Fran takes time to meet with him and understand his beliefs. Fran's willingness to listen demonstrates the idea of

answer

accommodation

question

Rather than write his own speech, Ken found a speech on the Internet and presented it word-for-word without crediting his source. Ken is guilty of

answer

plagiarism

question

Lacing a speech with compelling phrases that the speaker finds in a source but does not credit is known as

answer

patch writing

question

Which one of the following should be considered during ever aspect of the speech making process?

answer

the audience

question

Steven decided to include information on obtaining a driver's license as well as renewing a license since he had both high school students and senior citizens in his audience. Steven is demonstrating the importance of considering the ________ when preparing a speech.

answer

audience

question

Lillian's teacher told the students they should prepare a speech to introduce themselves to the rest of the class. This tells Lillian the ________ of her speech.

answer

topic

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the three standard questions a speaker should ask themselves when trying to decide what to talk about?

answer

Who else is speaking

question

Zeynep wants to convince her audience to volunteer for the American Red Cross. What is the general purpose of her speech?

answer

to persuade

question

The ________ is a concise statement indicating what the speaker wants the audience to be able to do after hearing the speech.

answer

specific purpose

question

To ______ is NOT one of the three general purposes used for speeches

answer

direct

question

The name given to one-sentence summary of a speech is

answer

central idea

question

Which of the following is an example of a central idea?

answer

The new waste management system is designed to minimize costs and allow for greater controls

question

The key ideas within the body of a speech are known as the

answer

main points

question

Sloane is working on a speech for her class and realizes that her topic can be broken down into four major divisions. These ideas will be the ________ of her speech.

answer

main points

question

For his speech introducing three new local restaurants, Kevin provided the audience with fresh, hot samples from the appetizer menu of each restaurant. What did Kevin do with his supporting material that made it successful?

answer

appealed to the audience's senses

question

The three main organizational parts of every speech are an introduction, a conclusion and a

answer

body

question

Kyle is trying to decide if he should talk to his audience like they were his best friends or address them as if they might hire him for a job someday. What is Kyle trying to determine?

answer

speech style

question

The text cites advice columnist Ann Landers advice to speakers, "Be sincere, be brief, and be

answer

seated

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