Speech Chapter 8 – Flashcards
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Prep work that must be done before working on crafting the body of your speech
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Selecting a topic, formulating the purpose statement, and writing the thesis statement.
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Selecting a topic
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Observe what is happening around you(most common), find something appropriate and useful, use a topic you already know(will be easier and more enjoyable for the audience), consider the audience you are speaking to, consider the outcome you wish to achieve, don't be broad; be specific, ask yourself a few questions.
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rhetorical situation
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The combination of factors that make speeches and other discourse(communications) meaningful and a useful way to change the way something is. (The situation that makes your speech appropriate and useful).
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Purpose statement
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Clearly states what it is you would like to achieve
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Formulating the purpose statement
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Ask yourself what facts, examples, and main points are relevant to the purpose statement.
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General purpose statement
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To inform, persuade, entertain, inspire, celebrate, or mourn. (Lays out the broader goal of the speech).
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Specific purpose statement
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Describes precisely what the speech is intended to do.
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Writing your thesis statement
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Convert your specific purpose statement into a thesis statement that you will share with your audience
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Thesis statement
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Introduce the main points of the speech in a sentence or two , gives the audience a preview, reflect the general purpose of the speech.
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When to write the body of your speech
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After you have picked your topic, formulated the purpose statement, and crafted your thesis.
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The body of your speech-
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Contains all the main points, should be written before you ever write the intro or conclusion, consumes the largest amount of time in your presentation, and allows you to elaborate on facts, evidence, examples, and opinions that support your thesis statement.
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Main points of a speech
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The key pieces of information or arguments contained with the talk or presentation. (What your audience should remember/ broad in a sentence or two/ should contain two to seven). They do NOT stand alone. Must be followed by subpoints Informative= historical details persuasive = different arguments
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Parallel structure
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Main points that are worded using the same structure. Must be followed by sub points
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Sub points
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Used to help prove main points. Examples, Statistics, facts, anecdotes, or other information.
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Before writing your speech and after completing the main/ sub points consider...
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Consider how you will organize your ideas
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A way a speaker can craft effective speeches
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Organizational styles, or templates for organizing the main points of a speech
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Six organizational styles
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Chronological, topical, spatial, comparative, problem-solution, causal
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Chronological speech
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Main points are delivered according to when they happened and can be traced on a calendar or clock. Used for historical events, informative speeches about a series of events, demonstrative speeches(how to), and telling a story of someone's life.
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Topical speech
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When the main points are developed separately and are generally connected together. (Four departments of a company).
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Spatial speech
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Arranged main points according to their physical and geographic relationships. (Too to bottom, left to right, north to south, etc.) (parts of the campus).
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Comparative speech
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Discussing the similarities and differences between two or more things. (Compare two or more things as a whole and/ or compare them element by element).
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Problem solution speech
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Establish your view of a problem then flesh out your proposed solution (president candidate speech). Should make specific connections between the problem and how the solution can be engaged to solve it.
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Causal speech
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Addresses some causes and shares what effects resulted. Used for sharing the relationship between two things. (Vaccines).
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It is important to ______ your main points
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Connect
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Signposts
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Words and gestures that allow you to move smoothly from one idea to the next through your speech, showing relationships between ideas. (Transitional statements, internal previews, summaries).
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Transitional statements
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Phrases or sentences that lead from one distinct but connected uses to another. Used to alert others that you are getting ready to discuss something else. (Next, also, moreover, first, second). Similarity- likewise, also. Difference- however, in opposition, on the other hand.
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Nonverbal transitional statements
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Brief pauses, movement across stage, change in volume, etc.
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Internal previews
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Lay out what will occur during your speech/ tell the audience what to expect. "Now let's discuss some ways we can solve these issues" (longer version of transitions).
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Summaries
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Provides a recap of what has already been said (used in long speeches). Can be combined with internal previews. (So in review lsjdjsowosjd next jdudieoekdhdj).
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Outlines
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Textual arrangements off all the various elements of a speech (common way of organizing a speech before it is delivered)
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Two types of outlines
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Preparation and speaking
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Preparation outline
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Also called a working, practice, or rough outline. An outline that helps you prepare the speech Focus on finalizing the purpose and thesis statements, logically ordering your main points, deciding where supporting material should be included, and refining the overall organizational pattern of your speech. Ends up as a full script of your speech.
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Speaking outline
answer
An outline you will prepare for use when delivering the speech. Much more brief. Use short phrases to be transferred into index cards for your speech.
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Outline structure
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Main ideas (I,II,III). Sub points (A,B,C). (1,2,3). Then (a,b,c). Include title, topic, specific purpose statement, and thesis. Shows what you want to accomplish. Write out transitional statements in parenthesis between main points. Include biographic info (citations) at the end.
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Tips for using the speaking outline
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1. Write enough so you don't have to bring the pages close to you 2. Have everything in the correct order 3. Number each page. 4. Don't fiddle with pages, leave podium.
question
Prep work that must be done before working on crafting the body of your speech
answer
Selecting a topic, formulating the purpose statement, and writing the thesis statement.
question
Selecting a topic
answer
Observe what is happening around you(most common), find something appropriate and useful, use a topic you already know(will be easier and more enjoyable for the audience), consider the audience you are speaking to, consider the outcome you wish to achieve, don't be broad; be specific, ask yourself a few questions.
question
rhetorical situation
answer
The combination of factors that make speeches and other discourse(communications) meaningful and a useful way to change the way something is. (The situation that makes your speech appropriate and useful).
question
Purpose statement
answer
Clearly states what it is you would like to achieve
question
Formulating the purpose statement
answer
Ask yourself what facts, examples, and main points are relevant to the purpose statement.
question
General purpose statement
answer
To inform, persuade, entertain, inspire, celebrate, or mourn. (Lays out the broader goal of the speech).
question
Specific purpose statement
answer
Describes precisely what the speech is intended to do.
question
Writing your thesis statement
answer
Convert your specific purpose statement into a thesis statement that you will share with your audience
question
Thesis statement
answer
Introduce the main points of the speech in a sentence or two , gives the audience a preview, reflect the general purpose of the speech.
question
When to write the body of your speech
answer
After you have picked your topic, formulated the purpose statement, and crafted your thesis.
question
The body of your speech-
answer
Contains all the main points, should be written before you ever write the intro or conclusion, consumes the largest amount of time in your presentation, and allows you to elaborate on facts, evidence, examples, and opinions that support your thesis statement.
question
Main points of a speech
answer
The key pieces of information or arguments contained with the talk or presentation. (What your audience should remember/ broad in a sentence or two/ should contain two to seven). They do NOT stand alone. Must be followed by subpoints Informative= historical details persuasive = different arguments
question
Parallel structure
answer
Main points that are worded using the same structure. Must be followed by sub points
question
Sub points
answer
Used to help prove main points. Examples, Statistics, facts, anecdotes, or other information.
question
Before writing your speech and after completing the main/ sub points consider...
answer
Consider how you will organize your ideas
question
A way a speaker can craft effective speeches
answer
Organizational styles, or templates for organizing the main points of a speech
question
Six organizational styles
answer
Chronological, topical, spatial, comparative, problem-solution, causal
question
Chronological speech
answer
Main points are delivered according to when they happened and can be traced on a calendar or clock. Used for historical events, informative speeches about a series of events, demonstrative speeches(how to), and telling a story of someone's life.
question
Topical speech
answer
When the main points are developed separately and are generally connected together. (Four departments of a company).
question
Spatial speech
answer
Arranged main points according to their physical and geographic relationships. (Too to bottom, left to right, north to south, etc.) (parts of the campus).
question
Comparative speech
answer
Discussing the similarities and differences between two or more things. (Compare two or more things as a whole and/ or compare them element by element).
question
Problem solution speech
answer
Establish your view of a problem then flesh out your proposed solution (president candidate speech). Should make specific connections between the problem and how the solution can be engaged to solve it.
question
Causal speech
answer
Addresses some causes and shares what effects resulted. Used for sharing the relationship between two things. (Vaccines).
question
It is important to ______ your main points
answer
Connect
question
Signposts
answer
Words and gestures that allow you to move smoothly from one idea to the next through your speech, showing relationships between ideas. (Transitional statements, internal previews, summaries).
question
Transitional statements
answer
Phrases or sentences that lead from one distinct but connected uses to another. Used to alert others that you are getting ready to discuss something else. (Next, also, moreover, first, second). Similarity- likewise, also. Difference- however, in opposition, on the other hand.
question
Nonverbal transitional statements
answer
Brief pauses, movement across stage, change in volume, etc.
question
Internal previews
answer
Lay out what will occur during your speech/ tell the audience what to expect. "Now let's discuss some ways we can solve these issues" (longer version of transitions).
question
Summaries
answer
Provides a recap of what has already been said (used in long speeches). Can be combined with internal previews. (So in review lsjdjsowosjd next jdudieoekdhdj).
question
Outlines
answer
Textual arrangements off all the various elements of a speech (common way of organizing a speech before it is delivered)
question
Two types of outlines
answer
Preparation and speaking
question
Preparation outline
answer
Also called a working, practice, or rough outline. An outline that helps you prepare the speech Focus on finalizing the purpose and thesis statements, logically ordering your main points, deciding where supporting material should be included, and refining the overall organizational pattern of your speech. Ends up as a full script of your speech.
question
Speaking outline
answer
An outline you will prepare for use when delivering the speech. Much more brief. Use short phrases to be transferred into index cards for your speech.
question
Outline structure
answer
Main ideas (I,II,III). Sub points (A,B,C). (1,2,3). Then (a,b,c). Include title, topic, specific purpose statement, and thesis. Shows what you want to accomplish. Write out transitional statements in parenthesis between main points. Include biographic info (citations) at the end.
question
Tips for using the speaking outline
answer
1. Write enough so you don't have to bring the pages close to you 2. Have everything in the correct order 3. Number each page. 4. Don't fiddle with pages, leave podium.
