Speech Chapter 12-15 – Flashcards
75 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 75question
homogeny
answer
sameness
Unlock the answer
question
brainstorming
answer
amassing information, thinking creatively and considering problems and solutions related to your topic
Unlock the answer
question
clustering
answer
identifying potential speech topics whereby the writer begins with a core idea and branches out into a web of related thoughts and ideas
Unlock the answer
question
specific purpose statement
answer
expresses both the topic and the general speech purpose in action form and in terms of the specific objectives you hope to achieve with your presentation
Unlock the answer
question
thesis statement
answer
statement that conveys the central idea about your topic
Unlock the answer
question
expert testimony
answer
opinion or judgement of an expert, a professional in his or her field
Unlock the answer
question
lay testimony
answer
opinion of a non expert who has personal experience or witnessed an event related to your topic
Unlock the answer
question
scientific research findings
answer
carry a lot of weight with audiences, particularly if your topic is related to medicine, health, media, or the environment
Unlock the answer
question
statistics
answer
information provided in numerical form
Unlock the answer
question
anecdotes
answer
brief, personal stories that have a point or punch line
Unlock the answer
question
surveys
answer
involve soliciting answers to a question or series of questions
Unlock the answer
question
directory
answer
type of secondary resource
Unlock the answer
question
library gateways
answer
collections of databases and information sites arranged by subject, generally reviewed and recommended by experts
Unlock the answer
question
search engine
answer
program that indexes web content
Unlock the answer
question
metasearch engine
answer
search engine that scans multiple search engine simultaneously
Unlock the answer
question
research search engine
answer
searches for only for research published in acedemic books, journals, and other periodicals
Unlock the answer
question
credibility
answer
quality, authority, and reliability, of each source you use
Unlock the answer
question
running bibliography
answer
list of resources you've consulted
Unlock the answer
question
main points
answer
central claims that support your specific speech purpose and your thesis
Unlock the answer
question
subpoints
answer
provide support for the main points
Unlock the answer
question
chronological pattern
answer
presents the main points of a message forward (or backward) in a systematic, time-related fashion
Unlock the answer
question
topical pattern
answer
organization into categories, such as person, places, things, or processes
Unlock the answer
question
primary-recency effect
answer
can offer some guidance in that it notes that audiences are most likely to remember points you raise at the beginning or end of a message, indicating that you might place your strongest point first or last so that your audience members keep it in mind long after the presentation
Unlock the answer
question
spatial pattern
answer
arranges main points in terms of their physical proximity in relation to each other
Unlock the answer
question
problem-solution pattern
answer
trying to call an audience to action to address a particular problem
Unlock the answer
question
cause-effect pattern
answer
attempt to organize the message around cause-to-effect or effect-to-cause relationships
Unlock the answer
question
narrative pattern
answer
tie points together in a way that presents a vivid story, complete with characters, setting, plot and imagery
Unlock the answer
question
motivated sequence pattern
answer
five-step plan for organizing a speech that can be useful in a variety of contexts
Unlock the answer
question
transitions
answer
sentences that connect different points, thoughts, and details in a way that allows them to flow naturally from one to the next
Unlock the answer
question
signposts
answer
key words or phrases within a sentence that signify transitions between points
Unlock the answer
question
internal preview
answer
prime the audience for the content immediately ahead
Unlock the answer
question
internal summaries
answer
allow the speaker to crystallize the points made in one section of a speech before moving to the next section
Unlock the answer
question
call to action
answer
asks listeners to act in response to the speech
Unlock the answer
question
sentence outline
answer
offers the full text of what you want to say in your speech
Unlock the answer
question
phrase outline
answer
takes parts of sentences and uses those phrases as instant reminders of what the point or subpoint means
Unlock the answer
question
key-word outline
answer
briefest possible outline, consisting of specific "key words" from the sentence outline to job the speaker's memory
Unlock the answer
question
preparation outline
answer
draft that you will use, and probably revisit and revise continually, throughout the preparation of your speech
Unlock the answer
question
speaking outline
answer
final speech plan, complete with details, delivery tips, and important notes about presentational aids
Unlock the answer
question
delivery cues
answer
brief reminders about important information related to the delivery of your speech that are for your eyes alone
Unlock the answer
question
oral citations
answer
references to source materials that you mention in the narrative of your speech
Unlock the answer
question
public speaking anxiety (PSA)
answer
nervousness we experience when we know we have to communicate publicly to an audience
Unlock the answer
question
communication apprehension (CA)
answer
a more general "fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons"
Unlock the answer
question
performance visualization
answer
imagining positive scenarios and personal success, a technique
Unlock the answer
question
impromptu speaking
answer
where you speak to an audience without any preparation
Unlock the answer
question
oratory
answer
speaking from memory
Unlock the answer
question
extemporaneous speaking
answer
plan the content, organization and delivery but instead of writing it out, you speak from an outline
Unlock the answer
question
monotone
answer
not varying your pitch when you speak
Unlock the answer
question
speaking rate
answer
how fast or slow you speak
Unlock the answer
question
pronunciation
answer
correct formation of word sounds
Unlock the answer
question
articulation
answer
clarity and forcefulness with which the sounds are made, regardless of whether they are pronounced correctly
Unlock the answer
question
mumbling
answer
when a speaker omits certain sounds in a word, runs words together, and speaks so softly that a listener can hardly hear
Unlock the answer
question
accents
answer
patterns of pronunciation that are specific to a certain upbringing, geographical region, or culture
Unlock the answer
question
scanning
answer
move your eyes from one person to another
Unlock the answer
question
posture
answer
to position of your arms, legs and how you carry your body
Unlock the answer
question
planting
answer
how you prevent movements from happening if you are one who fidgets
Unlock the answer
question
bar graphs
answer
shows the relationship of two or more sets of figures
Unlock the answer
question
informative speaking
answer
increase the audience's understanding or knowledge
Unlock the answer
question
objective
answer
presents facts and information in a straightforward and evenhanded way, free of influence from the speaker's influences or opinions
Unlock the answer
question
subjective
answer
presents facts and information from a particular point of view
Unlock the answer
question
descriptive presentation
answer
paint a mental picture for your audience to portray places, events, persons, objects, or processes clearly and vividly
Unlock the answer
question
demonstration speech
answer
answer "how" questions
Unlock the answer
question
definitional speeches
answer
to provide answers to "what" questions
Unlock the answer
question
operational definition
answer
defines something by explaining what it is or what it does
Unlock the answer
question
definition by negation
answer
defines something by telling what it is not
Unlock the answer
question
definition by example
answer
defines something by offering concrete examples of what it is
Unlock the answer
question
definition by synonym
answer
defines something by using words that closely mean the same thing
Unlock the answer
question
definition by etymology
answer
defines something by using the origin of a word or phrase
Unlock the answer
question
explanatory speeches
answer
answer as "why?" or "what does that mean?"
Unlock the answer
question
elucidating explanations
answer
details that illuminate the concept's meaning and use
Unlock the answer
question
quasi-scientific explanations
answer
provide a model or picture of the key dimensions of some phenomenon for a particular audience
Unlock the answer
question
transformative explanations
answer
designed to help speakers transform "theories" about phenomena into more accepted notions
Unlock the answer
