question

employers use diplomas and degrees as sorting devices to determine who is eligible for a job

answer

credential societies

question

industrialized nation are what type of society?

answer

credential

question

during the industrialization the Us looked at education as a way to reach two goals: what where they?

answer

• 1. producing more educated workers • 2. Americanizing immigrants

question

during industrialization few high school graduates could attend college why?

answer

-too far -too much

question

how educated a country is is related to the countries what?

answer

culture and economy

question

children often attend what school after regular school in japan?

answer

cram

question

in japan children also work in groups, and teachers are required to visit the home of every student once a year, what core value does this represent in japan's culture?

answer

solidarity

question

what admissions are highly selective in japan? only what people would attend college?

answer

college top scores, both poor and wealthy alike

question

the privileges of being born into a richer family such as having more highly educated parents, encouragement, and pressure to bring home top grades, and cultural experiences translate into higher test scores

answer

social capitol

question

in industrializing nation such as russia, communists expanded education to include all children and made sure socialist values dominated its school, how so?

answer

fought capitalism was eveil communism was salvation every classroom had pic of lenin and stalin

question

what school was free in communism?

answer

education and college

question

what subjects did it stress?

answer

mathematics and science, few courses in social science to prevent free thinking

question

when russia switched from communism to capitalism what happened?

answer

-photos came down -private, religious, and foreign schools popped up -teachers encouraged students to think for themselves

question

in russia teachers are still paid low salaries what does this cause

answer

encourages corruption

question

how is education treated in the least industrialized nations?

answer

ver little emphasis on formal education

question

emphasis is on what in least industrialized nation?

answer

memorizing

question

o families live on less than 1000$ a year • many poor children receive no education at all o qualified teachers are few, classrooms are crowded • 1/3 to ½ of Egyptians are illiterate • more men are able to read/ write than women

answer

least industrialized nation

question

positive things peeps intended their actions to accomplish

answer

manifest functions

question

positive consequences they did not intend

answer

latent functions

question

what are the functions of education?

answer

-teaches knowledge and skills -cultural transmission of values -social integration -gatekeeping (social placement) -replacing family functions

question

process by which schools pass on a society's core values from one generation to the next, all schools around the world teach patriotism

answer

cultural transmission of values

question

promote sense of national identity (salute the flag and sing national anthem)

answer

social integration

question

educators try to incorporate students w/ disabilities into regular school activities

answer

mainstreaming, inclusion

question

to forge a national identity is to stabilize a political system, how so?

answer

• if peeps identify with a society's institutions and perceive them as the basis of their own welfare, they have no reason to rebel

question

school's job to sort the capable from the incapable, and they do this on basis of merit, student's abilities, and ambitions

answer

social placement/gatekeeping

question

sorting students into different educational tracks or programs on the basis of their perceived abilities

answer

tracking

question

in the us schools have gone away with formal tracking and instead replaced it with what?

answer

honors and AP classes

question

what family functions does education replace

answer

child care and sexual education

question

In the conflict perspective education does what?

answer

-teaches hidden curriculum of social class structure -discriminates by IQ -schools have unequal funding -family background becomes more important than test scores

question

attitudes and unwritten rules of behavior that schools teach in addition to the formal curriculum

answer

hidden curriculum

question

hidden curriculum perpetuates what?

answer

social inequalities

question

how do IQ tests discriminate

answer

-they contain cultural biases -children from diff backgrounds are more familiar with the concepts of different questions

question

IQ tests are another weapon designed to what?

answer

perpetuate the social class structure

question

the ways schools are funded stacks the deck against who?

answer

the poor

question

public schools are supported largely by what? How does this effect what educating a child will receive

answer

-property taxes -richer communities have more to spend and therefore better education for their children

question

regardless of personal abilities children of well to do families are more likely to what?

answer

-go further in college -also attend nation's most elite schools

question

What did Rist's research on teacher expectation conclude?

answer

each child's journey through school was determined by 8th day in kindergarten

question

How was the teacher expectation experiment carried out?

answer

In Kindergarten class teacher split children up into three tables • Table 1—fast learners • Table 2—medium learners • Table 3—slow learners these tables carried over into the next years

question

how were the children assigned to their tables?

answer

on family power, prestige, and property

question

how did the tables react to teaching?

answer

• table one since in the front got more attention and did better, end of year has completed all the lessons • table three disengaged themselves from many classroom activities

question

the rist research showed that teacher expectation create what?

answer

a self fulfilling prophecy

question

refers to false assumption of something that is going to happen but which then comes true simply because it was predicted

answer

self fulfilling prophecy

question

how do teacher expectations effect gender an racial ethnicities of students?

answer

-girls has same test scores as boys but overall had a better grade -asian americans has same test scores as other but overall had higher grade

question

why did girls and asian americans receive higher grade?

answer

Good at giving good student signals • teachers pick up on these signals and reward the students who give them • Girls and Asian Americans are better at giving this signal

question

what are three problems in US education?

answer

mediocracy, cheating, violence

question

true/false apparently its becoming acceptable to be less smart and graduate from high school still

answer

true

question

what is the good news and what is the bad news about the SAT tests?

answer

good news: school officials raised standards and recovery in math is encouraging bad news: verbal scores are continuing to go down

question

why are students doing bad in verbal scores?

answer

dummied down text books, less rigorous teaching, less reading

question

what is surprising about the people who make the SAT books?

answer

SAT has made the tests easier

question

the SAT has been dummied down as a result of what?

answer

grade inflations

question

grading is easier and so grades mean less than they used too, today's A's are the C's of years past

answer

grade inflation

question

passing students from one grade to the next even though they have not learned the basic materials

answer

social promotion

question

high school graduate who never mastered even things they should have learned in high school

answer

functional illiteracy

question

how do we rise standards for teachers to solve mediocracy?

answer

-offer quality education and quality teachers -make teacher motivated to do an excellent job

question

superior test performance in roman catholic students are not due to better students, but what?

answer

higher standards -no watered down curricula -parents and teachers reinforce each other's commitment to learning -students do better when they are expected to do better

question

why do public schools fail then?

answer

Bureaucracy in which ritual replaces performance

question

Why do high school administrators across the nation fake their graduation rates?

answer

federal agencies publish these reports, states don't want to look bad

question

administrators can be quite creative in producing fake numbers

answer

• count number of seniors who started year and graduated

question

what are the 3 elementary forms of religious life?

answer

1. world's religions are so varied that they have no specific belief or practice in common 2.all religious develop a community centering in their beliefs and practices 3. all religions separate the sacred from the profane

question

aspects of life that have to do with the supernatural and inspire awe

answer

sacred

question

aspects of life that are not concerned with religion, but instead are part of everyday life

answer

profane

question

Religion has 3 aspects, what are they?

answer

beliefs, practices, moral community

question

practices are centered on what

answer

centered on things considered sacred

question

refer to any moral community centered on beliefs and practices regarding the sacred

answer

church

question

group of people who are united by their religious practices

answer

moral community

question

what are the function of religion?

answer

-questions about the ultimate meaning -emotional comfort -guidelines for everyday -social solidarity -social control -social change

question

how does religion provide answers to the questions both the ultimate meaning?

answer

• provides answers to perplexing questions, gives sense of purpose to its followers

question

how does religion provide emotional comfort?

answer

assures people that there is a purpose to all life, even its suffering

question

how does religion provide social solidarity?

answer

• practices unite believers into a community

question

how does religion provide guidelines for everyday?

answer

• provides practical guidelines for everyday life

question

how does religion provide social control?

answer

• nonmembers feel spillover • religious teachings for example are incorporated into criminal law

question

how does religions provide social change?

answer

• religion occasionally causes change, civil rights movement was led by religious leaders

question

what are the dysfunctions of religion?

answer

-religion as justification for persecution -war and terrorism based on religion

question

what are symbolic meanings of religion?

answer

religious symbols rituals beliefs religious experience

question

o all religious symbols provide identity and create social solidarity for their members • Muslims—crescent moon, Jews—star of David, Christians—cross o a symbol is a condensed way of communicating

answer

religious symbols

question

ceremonies or repetitive practices

answer

rituals

question

rituals create a what community? and designed to created in devout believers a feeling of what?

answer

moral feeling of closeness with god and unity with one another

question

rituals and religious symbols develop from what?

answer

beliefs

question

religious beliefs include 2 things

answer

values and cosmology

question

unified picture of the world ex) God is creator of universe and will hold us accountable for what we do—it presents a unifying picture of the universe

answer

cosmology

question

refers to sudden awareness of the supernatural or a feeling of coming into contact with God

answer

religious experience

question

describes people who have undergone such a life transforming religious experience

answer

born again

question

the conflict perspective views religion as 2 things

answer

opiate of the masses and legitimating social inequalities

question

atheist said religion for the oppressed workers is like a drug that helps addicts forget their misery

answer

karl marx

question

how does religion stop rebellion of the workers?

answer

takes the worker's eyes away from their suffering

question

how does religion legitimate social inequalities?

answer

teaches that the existing social arrangements represent what god desires

question

how did the protestant ethic evolve into the spirit of capitalism?

answer

1. Capitalism represents a fundamentally different way of thinking about work and money 2. Spirit of capitalism developed in Europe 3. Protestantism—Calvinism, you didn't know your fate until you died 4. Concluded that church members have a duty to live as though they are predestined to heaven—good works are demonstration of salvation 5.Calvinists lead moral lives and work hard 6. peeps worked hard and spent money only on necessities 7. change in religion to Protestantism led to fundamental change in thought and behavior

question

new approach to work and money, reinvest profits to make even more profits

answer

spirit of capitalism

question

the spirit of capitalism developed in Europe, why and how?

answer

-religion was key -india and china has religions that taught traditional values -capitalism appeared when Protestantism came about

question

new or different religion whose teachings and practices put it at odds with the dominant culture and religion

answer

cult

question

what did all religions begin as?

answer

a cult

question

cults originated with a what?

answer

charismatic leader

question

individual who inspires peeps because he or she sees to have extraordinary gifts, qualities, or abilities

answer

charismatic leader

question

refers to an outstanding gift or to some exceptional quality

answer

charisma

question

larger than cult, but its members still feel tension between their views and the prevailing belief and values of the broader society

answer

sect

question

if a sect grows large enough, hostility will die down and what might the sect do in order to make peace with society?

answer

shift some doctrines to remove tensions

question

religious group is highly bureaucratic, national and international headquarters that give direction to local congregations, enforce rules, and control finances

answer

church

question

in church the relationship with god is what? less emphasis on what? rather than recruits being evangelized where are they coming from?

answer

-less intense -personal salvation and emotional expression -being born into church

question

government and religion work together to try to shape society

answer

state religions/ecclesia

question

how ecclesias get members? how do they view god church services are what?

answer

-citizenship -impersonal and remote -highly formal

question

brand names within a major religion

answer

denominations

question

how do denominations begin?

answer

• some members disagree with particular aspects of church's teaching and break away to form their own organization or a splinter group

question

% of americans that belong to a church

answer

65%

question

if a particular religion ranks high or low on education it is also likely to rank what on income, and occupational prestige?

answer

same

question

who is more likely to be roman catholic and who is more likely to be protestants and most specifically baptists?

answer

irish african american

question

what religion group is most dominant in the US?

answer

none

question

religious freedom is so big in the us that anyone can what?

answer

start a church and proclaim theirself the minister

question

How tolerant is the US of religions?

answer

1. All religions have a right to exist—as long as they don't brainwash or hurt anyone 2. With all religions to choose from, which one is true? 3. each one may be convinced about the truth of our religion but don't be obnoxious by trying to convince others that you have the exclusive truth

question

Religion can answer four main concerns that science cannot

answer

1. existence of god 2. purpose of life 3. an afterlife 4. morality

Socl Ch. 13 Education & Religion – Flashcards

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