Sociology: The Study Of Human Relationships, Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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Anthropology
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The comparative study of past and present cultures
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Psychology
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The social science that deals with the behavior and thinking of organisms.
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Social psychology
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The study of how the social environment affects and individuals behavior and personality.
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Economics
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The study of the choices people make in order to satisfy their needs and wants.
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Political Science
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The examination of the organization and operation of Governments.
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History
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The study of past events.
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The belief that only the fittest societies would survive over time, leading to a general upgrading of the world as a whole.
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Function
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The consequence that an element of society produces for the maintenance of its social system.
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Verstehen
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An attempt to understand the meanings individuals attach to their actions.
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Ideal type
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Description compromised of the essential characteristics of a feature of society.
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Theory
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Explanation of the relationships among particular phenomena.
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Theoretical Perspectives
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General set of assumptions about the nature of things.
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Functionalist perspective
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The belief that society is a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system.
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Dysfunctional
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A negative consequence an element has for the stability of the social system.
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Manifest function
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Intended and recognized consequence of some element of society
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Latent Function
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Unintended and unrecognized consequence of an element of society.
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Conflict perspective
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Focuses on the forces in society that promote competition and change.
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Interactionist perspective
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Focuses on how individual's interact with one another in society.
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Symbolic Interaction
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Focuses on how people use symbols when interacting.
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Symbol
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Anything that represents something else.
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Sociology
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Social science that studies human society and social behavior.
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Social sciences
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Disciplines that study human social behavior or institutions and functions of human society in a scientific manner.
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Social interaction
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How people relate to each other and influence each others behavior.
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Social Phenomena
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Observable facts or events that involve human society.
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Sociological perspective
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Looking beyond beliefs to the hidden messages behind human actions.
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Sociological imagination
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Ability to see connection between the larger world and your personal life.
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Augusts Comte
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Focuses on two basic areas of study- social order and social change.
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Herbert Spencer
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Claims society is a set of interdependent parts that work together to maintain system over time.
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Karl Marx
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Believed the structure of society is influenced by how it's economy is organized. Divided it into two classes.
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Bourgeoisie
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Capitalists (owns the means of production)
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Proletariat
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Workers (own nothing)
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Émile Durkheim
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Viewed the role of interdependent parts in terms of their functions.
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Max Weber
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Interested in society as a whole, believed sociologists should go beyond what can be directly observed and attempt to uncover feelings and thoughts of individuals.
