Sociology Test 2 Answers – Flashcards
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Robert Merton
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Developed the Role Theory to explain how institutions in society as a whole socialize us; his primary concept is that of status
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Charles H. Cooley
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Coined term "looking glass self"
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Georgia H. Mead
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Developed stages of social development; the "I", "me", and "self"
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Erving Goffman
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He argues that life is essentially a play
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When a child is born
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Sociologists view socialization as a lifelong process that begins:
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Human interaction
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The story of the abused child named Anna teaches lessons about the importance of which of the following influences on human development
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Mead's role-playing theory
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Which theory uses game playing to understand the development of self
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Looking glass self
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Cooley's theory of socialization states that the self that the self develops from out interactions with others and their reactions to us. Theory?
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Interpreting how others think about us
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According to Charles Horton Cooley, we developed a self-concept by:
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The I is selfish and impulsive; the me is how we believe others see us
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Describes the difference between the I and the me in Mead's theory
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She has not internalized the generalized other
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Mead would probably argue that if your four-year old daughter picks her nose in public and keeps pulling up her dress while you are out at a fancy restaurant, it is because
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Agents of socialization
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People and groups who influence our orientation to life, our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors are
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Family, school, peers, and the media
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Although there are many agents of socialization, four of the primary ones are
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Resocialization
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A drastic type of adult socialization that may occur when adults change environments is known as
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A convent
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Which of the following would be an example of a total institution
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Status
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A recognizable social position that an individual occupies, such as "student" or "professor", is known as
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Lay out what is expected for people
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The sociological significance of roles is that they
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A newly ordained minister in a Pentecostal church
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Example of an achieved status
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American of Japanese descent
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Which of the following represents an ascribed status
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Impression management
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According to Goffman, we all try to make good impressions on others and we actively work to ensure that others believe they are doing the same. He calls this
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Where we are our private selves and where the real story takes place
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According to Goffman, the backstage arena would include
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Peer pressure
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Expected conformity, especially among teenage friend, is known as
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Carols Slim Helu
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Forbes listed who as the wealthiest man in the world, with 74 billion
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Physical; social
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According to Rousseau, there are two forms of inequality: ____, or natural, and ____, or political
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Assets
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What is the term that refers to a form of wealth that can be stored for the future
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Provide family planning
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One of the best ways to reduce the number of children born (according to Sachs) is to
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Equality
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Hegel argued that notion of inequality are constantly evolving in a larger historical arc and will eventually lead to
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Equality of income
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Which standard of equality is most concerned with the distribution of resources
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Ontological equality
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The term that refers to the notion that everyone is created equal in the eyes of God
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Affirmative action
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An example of ideology of equality of condition put into practice is
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Class system
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Under what system is your societal position related to your position in the economic market
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Bourgeoisie
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Which groups exploits the working class by taking more of the value of their work of laborers than they repay in wages
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Driving fancy cars, living in gated communities, wearing stylish clothes
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Sometimes individuals seek to assert or increase their status, not just through occupation but also through
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Conflict
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C. Wright Mills had a negative view of the elite-mass dichotomy. His viewpoint fits into what paradigm (sociological perspective)
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Hurt democracy
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C Wright Mills believed that centralized power in the hands of a few
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Socioeconomic status
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Sociologist often describe an individual's position in a stratified social order that attempts to classify groups, individuals, families, or households in terms of indicators such as occupation, income, wealth, and education. Sociologists call this
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Wealth
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Which term refers to everything you own minus debts (such as a mortgage on your home and credit card debt)
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Returns on investments
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What is the primary source of income for the upper class?
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1%
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The upper class is composed primarily of CEOs, government officials, celebrities, and very successful professionals. What percentage of the population is this
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Food preparation
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What is the fastest growing job market for people with only a high school education
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Working poor
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In political speeches about the poor, those who are believed to deserve our assistance are termed the
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Social mobility
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The movement of individuals between different positions within a system of social stratification in any given society is called
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Death tax
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The estate tax is sometimes called the
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Discourages would-be entrepreneurs from taking risk
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Opponents of the estate tax argue that taxing accumulated wealth
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Dialectic
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A two-directional relationship, one that goes both ways is
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Equality of condition
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The idea that everyone should have an equal starting point is
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Bourgeoisie
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The employers, factory owners or capitalist class
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Jim Crow
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The rigid set of anti-black statuses that exclude African Americans economically, politically and educationally
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Proletariat
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The working class or the employees
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Free rider
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An individual that shirks responsibility in the hope that others will pull the weight
