Sociology (Social Networks) – Flashcards
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social networks
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sets of individual persons linked together by one or more social relationships
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social network theory
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suggests the attributes of individuals are less important than their relationships and ties with other actors within the network
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dyad
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smallest possible group, you and someone else, most intense and intimate, more unstable
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triad
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fundamentally different than a dyad, interaction between nodes decreases, intimacy declines, strength and stability increases
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iron law of oligarchy
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Organizations come to be dominated by a self perpetuating elite, power circulates among a few
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homophily
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the extent to which actors form ties with similar versus dissimilar others
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reciprocity
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the extent to which two actors reciprocate each other's friendship or other interaction
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network closure
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a measure of the completeness of relational triads
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bridge
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an individual whose weak ties fill a structural hole (lack of connection), providing the only link between two individuals or clusters
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centrality
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centrality refers to a group of metrics that aim to quantify the importance or influence (in a variety of senses) of a particular node (or group) within a network
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density
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the proportion of direct ties in a network relative to the total number possible
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distance
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the minimum number of ties required to connect two particular actors
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structural holes
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When two separate clusters possess non-redundant information, there is said to be a structural hole between them
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tie strength
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defined by the linear combination of time, emotional intensity, intimacy, and reciprocity. Strong ties are associated with homophily while weak ties are associated with bridges
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Social Capital
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It is the ability of actors to secure benefits by virtue of membership in social networks or other social structures
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bridgers or brokers
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• Networks are often rich in structural holes, and comprise a form of social capital in that they offer information benefits • The main player in a network that bridges structural holes is able to access information from diverse sources and clusters
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why is networking not as helpful as you think
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networking consists of going out and making a whole bunch of new connections, and then hoping that something good will come of them, more productive to think about your position within the network
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closure argument
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social capital is created by a network of strongly interconnected elements, Closed networks enhance communication and sanctions, Better communication, managing risk
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structural hole argument
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social capital is created by network in which people can broker connections between otherwise disconnected segments, Advantage comes from information access, Opposite of closure argument, Emphasize disconnected elements
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coleman
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social capital consists of closed networks, • Ties among, parents, teachers and other adults ensure child does homework...succeeds in life
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closed network
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to be isolated from their environment
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open network
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"system in exchange of matter with its environment, presenting import and export, building-up and breaking-down of its material components
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coleman burt dispute
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coleman - social capital consists of closed networks burt: social capital consists of open networks
