question

important social influence

answer

Race has no deterministic, biological basis but it still has:

question

changed over time

answer

The concept of race has:

question

a person black

answer

The "one drop" rule states that one drop of "black" blood makes:

question

racism

answer

Members of separate races possess different and unequal traits

question

miscegenation

answer

Interracial marriage

question

racialization

answer

Muslims(post 9/11) have undergone a new racial identity from being formally unnoticed as a group to being singled out for more discrimination

question

social construct

answer

Race isn't a fixed biological or natural reality, it's a:

question

segregation

answer

Legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity

question

a decrease in wealth for white Americans

answer

Japanese internment camps resulted in:

question

doing

answer

Prejudice is to discrimination as thinking is to:

question

genocide

answer

Term referring to mass killing of a particular population

question

passing, acceptance, and withdrawl *prejudice is not a response

answer

What are some responses to oppression?

question

economic circumstances

answer

The text defines poverty as a condition of deprivation due to:

question

the United States

answer

What country in ranked fourth concerning the highest poverty rates in the advanced world?

question

lopsided economic rewards

answer

What drives American poverty rates?

question

culture of poverty

answer

People are born into poverty and ultimately raise their children in poverty and learn "how" to live in poverty. They learn the norms and values associated with that way of life. This is known as Oscar Lewis's:

question

Lyndon Johnson

answer

United States President responsible for the "War on Poverty" and programs like Head Start and Job Corps

question

1. because of time spent following bureaucratic rules 2. because mothers have to take care of children and the home 3. because of trying to keep appointments to get food stamps

answer

In what ways does welfare hinder work?

question

let states have more responsibility in running welfare programs, encourage 2 parent families, and discourage out-of-wedlock births

answer

What did the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act do?

question

it didn't set up children savings' accounts that parents weren't allowed to touch

answer

What is one thing the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act not do?

question

lack of transportation to the Department of Social Services

answer

Why don't people who are eligible for food stamps apply for them?

question

deviant and dangerous to mainstream society

answer

The Underclass thesis states that the poor are:

question

economic segregation

answer

Gated communities are examples of what factor that is mixing with wealth inequality to increase the gap between the rich and poor

question

absolute poverty

answer

A household's income falls below the necessary level to purchase food and physically sustain member of the household

question

location

answer

What important factor does the definition of relative poverty take into account when determining poverty based on a percentage of median income?

question

official poverty line

answer

Mollie Orshanksy used the U.S. Department of Agriculture recommendations for the minimum amount of healthy food, estimated the cost for a variety of family types, and multiplied this factor of three to measure:

question

housing

answer

When the official poverty line was first set, food made up the largest percentage of household budgets. In today's society, what now makes up the largest percentage?

question

their behavioral problems decreased

answer

A study of Cherokee children whose income greatly increased due to the legalized gambling on reservations found that:

question

they don't have pension or retirement savings plans

answer

Why is it difficult for almost half of Americans to save for retirement?

question

a measure of economic inequality

answer

What is the Gini coefficient?

question

It, along with media, gives us goals that are unreachable for must of us, thus plummeting us into debt

answer

Status consumption has been discussed earlier in the text in the chapter on stratification. How does it affect poverty?

question

Mr., Miss, or Mrs.

answer

Before 1964, courtesy titles were not typically used by whites to refer to blacks. What are courtesy titles?

question

Bob Moses

answer

A Harvard student who was a member of the SNCC and was once described as "Martin Luther King's brother"

question

eye rape

answer

During segregation, black men had to be careful not to look a white women in the eyes. Violation of this norm was called:

question

segregation laws

answer

What is a example of direct institutional discrimination?

question

Yes

answer

Is it true that there is greater genetic variation within racial groups than there is between them?

question

eugenics

answer

a system of practices meant to maintain and purify the genetic composition of a group

question

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

answer

What does SNCC stand for?

question

convincing white northern students from affluent families to risk their lives and go to Mississippi to help with voter registration and organizing in an attempt to garner national attention

answer

What was a key piece in the SNCC strategy?

question

hegemony

answer

The cultural representation of an ideology

question

prejudice

answer

the holding of preconceived ideas about and individual or group that are resistant to change even in the face of new information

question

He didn't want to alienate white southern voters who would determine the outcome of the presidential election.

answer

Why did Lyndon Johnson refuse to seat the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party at the Democratic National Convention?

question

affirmative action

answer

Positive efforts to recruit minority members for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities in known as:

question

amalgamation

answer

Occurs when a majority group and a minority group combine to form a new group

question

contact hypothesis

answer

States that interracial contact between people of equal status in communicative circumstances will cause them to become less prejudiced

question

1. receive unequal treatment 2. involuntary membership 3. distinguishing cultural characteristics

answer

What are the properties of a minority group?

question

stereotypes

answer

Overgeneralizations about a group and it's members that go beyond existing evidence -What prejudice rests on

question

conflict perspective

answer

Native American casinos generate five percent of the nation's overall gambling revenues. White corporate interests begin to pressure Congress to restrict the casino revenues of Native Americans. Which sociological perspective would most likely argue the restrictions are a result of discrimination?

question

one third

answer

The official poverty line, as defined by the U.S. government, assumes a family will spend _____________ of its income on food.

question

+.82

answer

What correlation coefficient is likely to result from the analysis of data in sociology?

question

no

answer

Does correlation ever equal causation?

question

1. social life depends on consensus and cooperation 2. sudden change disrupts social life and sets things off balance 3. understanding of society as an integrated whole composed of specialized interdependent parts

answer

What are some aspects of the functionalist sociological perspective?

question

a religious sect who handles snakes as a way to show their belief and God

answer

What was the YouTube video on the Jolo community in West Virginia about?

question

positivist

answer

The model of sociology that attempts to reveal the social facts that affect social life by developing and testing hypotheses based on theories about how the social world works

question

a system which is best understood by describing its various components and understanding the relationships among them

answer

From a functionalist perspective, the plantations of the antebellum South represent:

question

structure and dynamics of the relationships among the director, the stars, the extras, and the crew

answer

A sociologist is walking on a city street and notices a film crew shooting a scene for a motion picture. The sociologist is most likely to be interested in the:

question

median

answer

If you were to use a measure of central tendency to describe a set of data that have a great deal of variation (such as income distribution for individuals who live in a particular community) which measure would be your best choice?

question

proletariat

answer

To Marx, conflict between a small number of capitalists and a large number of workers would divide society. He referred to this large number of workers as:

question

-1

answer

A perfect negative correlation is indicated by what value?

question

scientific method

answer

The attempt to systematically understand a phenomenon through the collection of observable information is known as the:

question

functional integration

answer

The pattern of social relationships, social positions, and numbers of people

question

"sociological imagination"

answer

C. Wright Mills refers to the attempt to see our personal experiences in the context of larger social forces, beyond our control, as:

question

dependent variable

answer

Gus Curtis wishes to conduct an experiment looking at the relationship between students who study in groups and their grades on examinations. He takes a group of eight students and has them study for a sociology mid-term together and compares their grades to eight students who studied alone. In the above experiment, the grades on the exam are the:

question

double consciousness

answer

A white person goes into an upscale shop to look at clothes. He is excited to see that there is a sale and gathers a huge a pile of clothes to take into the dressing room. An African American goes into the store and is excited about the sale, but hesitates to take many clothes into the dressing room, afraid that staff will think he might shoplift. W.E.B. Du Bois would say that the African American has:

question

symbolic interactionism

answer

The approach to society concerned with communication by such means as words, gestures, facial expressions, and sounds

question

quantitative and qualitative

answer

What are the two basic types of research that sociology can be divided into?

question

sociologists

answer

People who attempt to explain events by uncovering recurring patterns in people's attitudes and actions and how such patterns change over time and place

question

sociology

answer

best defined as the study of how human life is socially organized

question

symbolic interactionist theory

answer

"How does the situation appear to those individuals who are involved in it?" is a question most likely to be asked by a sociologist in which perspective?

question

gender

answer

Women have been repeatedly shown to be far less likely to commit suicide when compared to men. In analyzing this finding, it is clear that the independent variable is:

question

proves that there is a casual link between them

answer

One of the most common research mistakes is to assume that a high correlation between two variable:

question

sociologists are constantly questioning things that most people take for granted

answer

For what reason can sociology be a very disturbing discipline?

question

sociological imagination

answer

As hard as he tries, James Patterson cannot find work although he is a skilled craftsperson with over twenty years experience in the construction trade. He understand that there are millions of people like him who are also out of work as a result of high interest rates and a government cutback in spending. According to C. Wright Mills, Mr. Patterson's understanding of his situation demonstrates what?

question

documentary research

answer

Historical studies conducted by sociologists often rely on the use of what?

question

Durkheim's main hypothesis (functionalism)

answer

Said that more integrated people are into a group, the less likely they are to commit suicide

question

surveys

answer

The most common research method used to gather sociological data

question

no

answer

Do surveys allow researchers to gain fuller, more detailed responses than interviews?

question

1. How do men and women differ in their parenting roles? 2. WHat is the relationship between social class and educational aspirations? 3. Why does race and ethnic intolerance increase during an economic recession?

answer

What are some questions a sociologist would be interested in exploring?

question

inequality and battle over scarce resources

answer

The Civil Rights movement of the 1960's often involved violence. A conflict perspective explanation might say that this violence resulted from:

question

Older adults are more likely than younger adults to vote in a presidential election

answer

What is a good example of an hypothesis?

question

documentary

answer

You are doing research on the acquisition and retention of land by African Americans in the nineteenth century. You are using U.S. Census data and Georgia's county Tax Digests. You have reason to believe that, as the local production of cotton within a local area increases, the opportunity for black farmers to acquire land decreases. What type of research methodology are you using?

question

mean

answer

Devised by adding all numbers in a set of data and dividing the sum by the number of items in the data set

question

1. reconsidering ones assumptions about society 2. questioning what one would normally take for granted about society 3. trying to understand unfamiliar social phenomena

answer

What are some examples of "thinking like a sociologist"?

question

horses- both because they cost the most and permitted slave to travel further

answer

Thinking back to the professor's lecture about her research, what animal was the most valuable to a slave?

question

anomie

answer

A feeling that one doesn't "belong" in society

question

history, political science, biology and economics

answer

Sociology overlaps with what fields of study?

question

1. local and interactional contexts 2. a focus on face to face encounters 3. the use of observations

answer

What are some characteristics of microsociology?

question

quantitative

answer

The use of numerical data and statistics is typically associated with which type of sociological research?

question

the ability to sample a large number of people

answer

What is an advantage to using surveys to conduct sociological research?

question

1. ability to gain rich information 2. flexibility 3. gives a perspective from the "inside"

answer

What are some advantages of field research?

question

both

answer

When Dr. Hargis spoke about research she's performed, did she use qualitative or quantitative data?

question

sample

answer

The President of a college wishes to learn how the student body feels about a change in the school calendar. Since the school has over 25,000 students, the President decides to survey only 250 students to determine their attitude. The 250 students being surveyed constitutes a:

question

an open- ended question

answer

A question on a survey that allows the respondent to give a more detailed, subjective response to the question he/she is presented

question

advanced statistical methods

answer

When undertaking a quantitive study, a researcher is likely to use what?

question

limited the amount of time one could receive benefits

answer

What was a major outcome with Clinton's 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act?

question

decreases

answer

Two variables are said to be inversely related to one another if, as one variable increases, the other:

question

the kinds of relationships that exist within them

answer

What is an important difference between primary and secondary groups?

question

small groups, large groups, parties

answer

George Simmel says there are three types of groups larger than a triad. What are they?

question

when there are more than two topics being discussed

answer

When does is a party considered a party?

question

a large group

answer

Our sociology class is considered what?

question

how powerful the influence of a group can be on an individual

answer

What did Solomon Asch's group conformity experiment demonstrate?

question

out-groups

answer

Stigmatized groups, such as gays and lesbians, are known as:

question

an in-group

answer

Which is more powerful: an in-group or an out-group?

question

reference group

answer

Maria idolized Taylor Swift. She imitates her while singing in front of her mirror. To Maria, Taylor Swift is her:

question

a tie

answer

Janet met Sally in graduate school. Dr. Hering, Janet's gynecologist, knows Sally from Church. The nature of their relationship to Sally is known as:

question

narrative

answer

A sum of stories about a set of ties that exist between people

question

the strength of weak ties

answer

The fact that relatively weak ties that aren't reinforced through direct paths often turn out to be the most valuable, especially in job searches, is known as:

question

selling through a consignment shop because buyers are prevented from negotiating with sellers

answer

What method of selling (eBay or consignment shop) could be argued to have more structural holes?

question

Amish live by prioritizing the community and it's social capital rather than rugged individualism

answer

What is the main reason for Amish business success when compared to the success of other U.S. businesses?

question

the fact that boys tend to exaggerate sexual experience

answer

What wouldn't put American teens at risk for an STI?

question

both

answer

Can the applicability of network analysis within sociological research be used on a microlevel or macrolevel study?

question

organizational culture

answer

Shared beliefs and behaviors within a social group that is also known as "corporate culture"

question

geometrically; arithmetically

answer

Thomas Malthus said that human population grows ___________ while the ability to produce food increases ____________

question

meritocratic system

answer

System in which advancement is based on individual achievement or ability

question

affirmative action

answer

What is an example of the ideology of equality put into practice?

question

class system, estate system, and hierarchy system

answer

What are some types of social stratification?

question

no

answer

Is a bourgeois system a type of social stratification?

question

caste system

answer

Type of stratification based on hereditary notions of religious and theological purity and in which there is little to no individual mobility

question

class system

answer

System in which your societal position is related to your position in the economic market

question

contradictory class location

answer

Business managers are an example of what concept?

question

socioeconomic status

answer

An individual's position in a stratified social order that attempts to classify groups, individuals, families, or household in terms of indicators such as occupation, income, wealth and education

question

wealth

answer

Everything you own minus debts such as mortgage on home and credit card debt

question

returns on investments

answer

What is the primary source of income for the upper class?

question

1%

answer

What percent of the population is the upperclass which includes CEOs, government officials, celebrities, and professionals?

question

low wage service work

answer

What American job sector has increased since the oil crisis of 1973?

question

high-skilled and low-skilled

answer

The effect of globalization has begun to split labor into:

question

social mobility

answer

Movement between different positions within a system of social stratification in any given society

question

horizontal social mobility

answer

Individual transitioning from one social status to another situated more or less on the same run of the social ladder

question

structural mobility

answer

If factories are moving from U.S. to Mexico and jobs are drying up in the U.S., this downward mobility is due to:

question

social characteristics

answer

Sex refers to biological characteristics while gender refers to what?

question

reassign an ambiguous male anatomy to a female one

answer

90% of surgeries to make intersex children conform to the ideal of norm genitalia:

question

inborn differences

answer

John Gray argues that temperaments, emotions, and languages of males and females are rooted in:

question

distract from an analysis of how Western women are also subordinated

answer

Extreme female subordination in the Arab world such as female circumcision can:

question

feminism

answer

Says that men and women should be given equal opportunity and respect

question

sexuality

answer

Desire, sexual preference, sexual identity, and behavior

question

men becoming victims of sexual assault after entering a female dominated occupation

answer

Gender structures social relationships by giving men the advantage in society. What is lease likely to happen to men?

question

sexual harassment

answer

Inappropriate jokes and sexual bartering are example of what?

question

200x

answer

A CEO makes ______ more than the typical worker

question

worse

answer

The middle class is _____ off than it used to be

question

eroding

answer

The American dream of social mobility is ____________

question

it is apparent one year out of college

answer

When does pay inequality between men and women begin?

question

norms, symbols, values, and beliefs

answer

What are some examples of nonmaterial culture?

question

diary

answer

What is an example of material culture?

question

good luck

answer

According to the lecture on symbols, the swastika represent what in ancient India and classical antiquity?

question

norms

answer

Mores and folkways are types of what?

question

Blue jeans gained popularity when they became a symbol of white activists' solidarity with the African American working class during the civil rights era

answer

According to the lecture, which of the following was a step in the development of blue jeans as a part of popular material culture in America?

question

ethnocentrism

answer

The belief that one group or culture is superior to others, as well as the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of one's own

question

subculture

answer

According to the lecture, Steampunk can be described as a:

question

their appearance, sexuality, and their supposed propensity for trickery and seduction

answer

According to the Generation M video, the source of women's empowerment is depicted by popular media as:

question

we are both creators and creations of culture

answer

The Kheinz wedding video, as shown in class, was used to demonstrate that:

question

mores

answer

Breaking ______ would cause one to receive the harshest social sanctions

question

interning at a hospital to prepare for becoming a nurse

answer

What is an example of anticipatory socialization?

question

resocialization

answer

The type of socialization experienced when one discards former behavior patterns and accepts new ones as part of a transition in life is known as:

question

barbie

answer

This popular child toy was based on a European doll representing a gold digger, exhibitionist, and floozy named Lilli

question

conformity to external authority

answer

According to the study presented during the lecture, working-class parents are more likely to emphasize what?

question

actors learn scripts, actors struggle to make a good impression, and actors perform roles

answer

In a dramaturgical perspective, as developed by Goffman, life is depicted as a play whereby:

question

formal sanction

answer

A worker is frequently late, takes extended "coffee breaks," and makes numerous mistakes while working on important tasks. As a result of poor performance, the worker is fired. This is an example of:

question

values

answer

Those collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper (or bad, undesirable, and improper) are known as:

question

material culture

answer

A basketball arena, an airliner, a slice of pizza, and a television set would all be examples of what?

question

a newly ordained minister in a Lutheran church

answer

What is an example of an achieved status?

question

where we are our "private selves" and where the real story takes place

answer

According to impression management, the backstage arena would include:

question

popular culture

answer

Low culture such as hip-hop music is also known as:

question

reflect cultural trends of specific times

answer

Stanley Lieberson, a sociology professor at Harvard, studied culture using first names. He found that names:

question

behavior; attitudes

answer

Norms are to ___________ as values are to ____________

question

socialization

answer

the experience of learning a culture's norms, values, and so on

question

having to pay a parking ticket

answer

What is a common example of a formal sanction?

question

Sally discovers her mother-in-law is dropping by shortly, so Sally rushes to tidy up the house a little bit

answer

What is a scenario that would provide an example of front-stage behavior?

question

ethnocentric

answer

You take at trip to Alaska and find that Eskimo families sleep together naked to stay warm. You find this practice disgusting and can't understand why they don't consider this incestuous. What are you being?

question

American of Japanese decent

answer

What is an example of an ascribed status?

question

book

answer

What was the first form of mass media?

question

public service announcements

answer

Deliberate, long term media campaigns such as Smokey the Bear, which began in 1944 and is still was us today, are examples of ads used by nonprofit organizations to educate the public. They are commonly known as:

question

the exaggerated frequency of the reports of these rarely occurring events

answer

We all fear school shootings and terrorist acts. Why is this?

question

violence against women, the high instance of eating disorders in our female population, and negative attitudes towards women

answer

Jean Kilborn has produced documentaries that examine the ways in which women are presented in advertisements. She suggests that there is a link between these images and what?

question

90%

answer

In the United States, six major companies including Disney and Time Warner, own what percentage of the media?

question

consumerism

answer

Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey have a lot of "things." Because of this, the rest of us look at them with envy and wish we could have the happiness we assume them to have. What is this an example of?

question

socialization

answer

The process by which people internalize the values, beliefs and norms required to become functioning members of a given society

question

when a child is born

answer

When does socialization begin?

question

"human nature" is the result of a complex relationship between nature (biology) and nurture (the social environment)

answer

The case of Anna, who had been horribly neglected and had virtually no human contact, illustrates the fact that:

question

sociologist focus on, and as a result give primary weight to, the social environment in explaining how people think, feel, and behave

answer

If we place nature and nurture at opposite ends on a continuum, most sociologist would fall toward the nurture end of the continuum. Why is this?

question

interpreting how others think about us

answer

According to Charles Horton Cooley's theory, the looking glass self, we develop self concept by:

question

the "I" is selfish and impulsive; the "me" is how believe others see us

answer

What best describes the difference between the "I" and "me" in George Herbert Mead's theory?

question

A child taught to say "bless you" every time someone sneezes in her home. When she is at the grocery store one day, the child says "bless you" to a complete stranger when she sneezes in the check-out line

answer

What is a good example of the "generalized other?"

question

family, schools, peers, and media

answer

What are four main primary agents of socialization?

question

middle class parents stress independence and self-direction while working class parents instill respect for authority in their children

answer

What is the main difference of how parents of different social classes socialize their children?

question

peer pressure

answer

What is this an example of: A student decides to go out for drinks after her friends make her feel guilty for "studying too much"

question

the media serves as a powerful socializing agent

answer

The popular tv show, Sesame Street, was created with the explicit purpose of providing educational opportunities for low-income children. Being that this tv show was successful, we can argue that:

question

convent

answer

What is the best example of a total institution?

question

a marketing director of a large firm is sent to prison for embezzlement

answer

What is an example of a situation where the process of resocialization would occur?

question

master status

answer

Venus Williams is one of the top women's tennis players in the world. This status overrides all of her other statuses and is known as her what?

question

status; role

answer

_______ refer to a social position while ______ designates socially expected behavior

question

they lay out what is expected of people

answer

What is the sociological significance of roles?

question

roles

answer

Expectations that define appropriate or inappropriate behavior for the occupants of a particular status

question

may not be stable

answer

By looking at anthropological findings in tribal societies, sociologists can see fluidity in gender, which helps us see that the boundaries within our own system of gender:

question

industrialization

answer

In the seventeenth century, Rubensque women were considered beauties because when food was scarce, a plump woman was a sign of good health, wealth, and attractiveness. What was the catalyst that made food plentiful and changed the standard of beauty for women?

question

her gender identity

answer

Bob and Sue painted their baby's room pink as soon as they found out they were having a girl. They are beginning to provide the baby with what?

question

gendergate

answer

Harvard president Larry Summers stated that at the highest levels of performance, men might have innate advantage over women in scientific aptitude and the genetic differences could explain the security of female "hard" scientists at elite universities. Journalists termed this:

question

more likely to interrupt (and get away with it)

answer

In the classroom, compared to girls, boys are:

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