question

Choose the one social factor the DOES NOT promote social mobility.

answer

Lessened mobility

question

Which of these statements about the differences between men and women is false?

answer

Men live longer than women

question

Which measure of social class ranks people on incomes, education, occupation, or some combination?

answer

Socioeconomic status

question

One percent of the U.S. controls approximately ______ of the total net wealth in the nation.

answer

One-third

question

Men are ______ as likely as women to die in a motor vehicle.

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Four times

question

When men end up alone (never married, divorced, widowed)...

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Their health suffers

question

In 2007, in order for a person to be in the top 400 wealthiest people in the U.S. one had to have more than_____ in wealth?

answer

1 Billion

question

Informal discrimination that serves as an invisible barrier to women's promotions in traditionally male careers is known as...

answer

Glass Cieling

question

According to dependency theorists, multinational corporations...

answer

Play an active role in keeping dependent nations poor

question

The first example of sexual politics in the U.S. was...

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The feminist movement

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Being single in the U.S.

answer

Is increasingly not due to divorce, but to never having been married

question

Woman are..

answer

More likely to live in a nursing home than men

question

Public opinion about abortion?

answer

Has remained relatively constant over the past 20 years

question

In 2010, about _____ percent of the U.S. public think that abortion should be legal in any circumstances.

answer

24

question

Which of the following is an example of egoistic suicide?

answer

Elder suicide

question

Rates of depression are highest among?

answer

Married mothers and unemployed women

question

The family differs from other social institutions in that it:

answer

May be biological as well as social

question

According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2010) about _____ of the population over the age of 15 was not married at the time.

answer

One half

question

Homogamy refers to?

answer

People marrying others similar to themselves

question

_______ grandparents report that they see their grandchildren at least once a month and have a good relationship with them.

answer

Most

question

Approximately what percent of births in the U.S. are to unmarried women?

answer

40

question

In 2010, there are ______ women in the U.S. Senate?

answer

17

question

Education in the U.S. was made compulsory in...

answer

1900

question

The practice of evaluating children relatively early in their school experience and encouraging them to follow a particular educational program based on their evaluation are...

answer

Tracking

question

A major reason that students who are tracked into low-ability groups learn less than students is that they:

answer

Are taught less

question

Sociologists use the term STATE to refer to:

answer

The organized system of power and authority in society

question

What's the fastest growing major religion?

answer

Islam

question

The ability to get others to do something against their wishes is called:

answer

Power

question

Using the data from the 2010 Census, current U.S. population is about...

answer

311 million

question

Which theory argues that race and ethnicity are socially constructed categories?

answer

Symbolic Interaction Theory

question

George Simmel developed the concept of "critical distance," which refers to _______.

answer

Detaching from a situation to view things critically.

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Sociology is a/n _____ discipline, meaning the conclusions are based on systematic observations.

answer

Empirical

question

Which of the following was not a condition that led to the development of sociology?

answer

The increasingly important role of religion

question

According to ______, scientific observation leads to innovations that promote the stability of society

answer

Functionalism

question

Harriet Martineau was an early sociologist and a British citizen. Her book, Society in America

answer

Was overlooked for many years.

question

A major contribution of Marx to sociology was the understanding of

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The effects of capitalism on society.

question

______'s work is the basis for functionalist theory.

answer

Auguste Comte

question

In the text, which of the following is not one of Weber's basic dimensions of society?

answer

Social

question

Weber defined verstehen as .

answer

Understanding behavior to which people give meaning.

question

According to the text, a significant difference between early American sociologists and their European counterparts was that the American sociologists were more _____.

answer

Practical

question

W.E.B. Du Bois wrote in 1901 that

answer

"The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line."

question

According to this theory of socialization if a child receives positive reinforcement for a behavior, then she will repeat it.

answer

Social learning

question

______ are the expected behaviors associated with a given status in society

answer

Roles

question

Sociologists have found that religious beliefs influence parenting practices. Research has found that conservative Protestants are more likely than others to _______.

answer

Use strict discipline with children.

question

According to Charles Horton Cooley, the self is formed as we

answer

Respond to the expectations that others have for us.

question

Within sociology, the process by which groups and individuals within those groups are brought into conformity with dominant social expectations is called

answer

Social control

question

Which theory of socialization sees identity as a product of the opportunities provided by one's social class?

answer

Conflict

question

Specifying exactly what is to be measured when assigning a value to a variable is called ______.

answer

Operationalizing

question

Here is a series of numbers: 1, 2, 1, 8, 0, 9, 9, 10. What is the standard deviation?

answer

4.1

question

Compared to the series of numbers in the preceding question, how would you interpret a score of 8?

answer

Average

question

Sociologists call the rules that guide social behavior:

answer

Norms

question

Who wrote "Democracy in America"?

answer

Alexis de Tocqueville

question

Children who do not develop a bond with a caregiver during the first few months of life show severe developmental problems. This syndrome is ___________.

answer

Failure to thrive

question

Theories are __________.

answer

Explanations

question

The term for other researchers repeating important parts of another researcher's work to test its conclusions is ______.

answer

Replication

question

In Hegel's dialectic, the idea that begins a dialectical cycle is called:

answer

A thesis

question

The idea that we know reality only in terms of our language is called the:

answer

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

question

The term "bourgeois" literally means

answer

"of the town"

question

Who wrote that the history of all previous societies is the history of class struggle?

answer

Karl Marx

question

A social psychology experiment showed that religious students walked by a man who had been hurt without stopping to help because they __________.

answer

were distracted by being late to class

question

The sociological perspective has been described as ____________.

answer

both a & b are true

question

The guesses that scientists make are called _________.

answer

hypotheses

question

Which sociologist was the first African American to earn a PhD from Harvard University?

answer

W. E. B. Du Bois

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the top ten American values identified by the sociologist Robin Williams?

answer

none of the above (all are American values)

question

Material culture consists of

answer

objects created in a given culture.

question

Regardless of where it is found in the world, culture

answer

They depend on the culture in which they appear.

question

The specific cultural rules for how to behave in a given situation are called .

answer

norms

question

Two classic cultural concepts associated with the work of William Graham Sumner are .

answer

folkways and mores

question

Mores are

answer

important norms that control moral and ethical behavior.

question

People generally follow norms for behavior because

answer

they have internalized the common expectations for behavior.

question

Consumption for the sake of displaying one's wealth is called

answer

conspicuous consumption

question

Whereas earlier immigrants to the U.S. were predominantly from Europe, today most new immigrants come to the U.S. from .

answer

Asia and Latin America

question

The difference between subcultures and counter cultures is that

answer

countercultures reject and defy the dominant culture and subcultures do not.

question

The habit of seeing things only from the point of view of one's own group is called .

answer

ethnocentrism

question

The classic analysis of the Protestant work ethic and the emergence of capitalism was conducted by

answer

Max Weber

question

Cultural resources that are socially designated as worthy and that give advantages to groups that possess them are called .

answer

cultural capital

question

A researcher who lives among the homelessin an effort to understand their normsis an example of

answer

participant observation

question

Developing a testable hypothesis based on theoretical principles is called

answer

deductive reasoning

question

Qualitative research is based on

answer

interpretive observations

question

Spurious correlation exists when _____________.

answer

the predictable pattern of behavior in two variables is caused by a hidden third variable

question

Which of the following is not a source of valid sociological research questions?

answer

All of these may be a source.

question

Repeating research that has already been done on a different group of people or in a different time or place is called

answer

replication

question

A characteristic that may have more than one value or score is called a(n)

answer

variable

question

In the statement, "Diet determines one's life expectancy," diet is the ______variable.

answer

independent

question

A student is given the same survey three times, each time sitting alone in a room. The student'sresults on the survey are different each time. Thisis an indication that the survey

answer

is not reliable.

question

What is necessary in order to draw the most accurate conclusions about a population while only studying part of it?

answer

a representative sample

question

The ability to apply the findings from one study to a broader population is called

answer

generalization

question

Which of the following describes a society according to sociologists?

answer

Members who share common culture

question

In which of the following is Durkheim most interested?

answer

The ways society is held together.

question

Sociologists who study the large patterns ofsocial interactionsthat are vast, complex, and highly differentiated are using

answer

macroanalysis

question

Which of the following is not a social institution?

answer

friends

question

Functionalist theorists contend thatsocial institutions

answer

assure the stability and continuance of society.

question

Sociologists use the term _____ to refer to the organized pattern of social relationships and social institutions that together comprise society.

answer

social structure

question

In a society where mechanical solidarity exists

answer

individuals share the same values, hold the same things sacred, and frequently play the same roles.

question

Which of these types of society has the greatest amount of social differentiation?

answer

agricultural

question

In industrial societies,social cohesion is achieved through .

answer

a complex division of labor

question

From a sociological perspective, which of these is not necessarily characteristic of a group?

answer

interaction is face-to-face

question

A status that is occupied from the moment of birth (e.g., your sex or race) is called an ______.

answer

ascribed status

question

A system of slavery is most likely to be found in which type of society?

answer

agricultural

question

By definition, groups must be at least ______ people.

answer

2

question

Georg Simmel is known for his work with:

answer

group size effects.

question

The sociologist who introduced the concept of primary groups is ______.

answer

Georg Simmel

question

Considering oneself as part of "people like us" is an example of being part of ______.

answer

an in-group

question

According to research, which of the following is most likely to lead to getting a job?

answer

using a personal network

question

According to social psychologist Philip Zimbardo, how do most people respond to hearing about the overly conforming behavior of others in groups?

answer

They believe that they themselves would not succumb to group pressure.

question

The overall purpose of the bureaucratic organization is

answer

to maximize efficiency.

question

Despite being warned of danger, NASA scientists proceeded with the launch of the space shuttle Challenger that exploded during launch. Sociological analysis of thissituation findsit was caused by

answer

a combination of risky shift and organizational ritualism.

question

During the "Roaring 1920s" Americans consumed more alcohol per person than they did in ______

answer

none of these choices

question

The sociological definition for deviance

answer

stresses social context, not individual behavior

question

The recommended solution for alcoholism usually includes some type of treatment and possibly hospitalization. In contrast, the use of crack cocaine is legally punished and rarely treated. The difference may be explained by the fact that alcoholism has been ______ and crack cocaine use has not.

answer

normalized

question

While prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is _______

answer

behavior

question

Educational tracking and racial profiling are both examples of

answer

institutional racism

question

According to Durkheim deviance is functional because it

answer

helps members of society know what is considered normal behavior

question

According to social control theory, what is the primary reason that people internalize social norms?

answer

they care what others think of them

question

Research on discrimination in housing has found that

answer

discrimination in housing is less important than other forms of discrimination

question

The debate over whether class or race is more important as the source of inequality, sociologist William Julius Wilson argues that

answer

changes in the economic structure have become more important than race in shaping life chances

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