question

Walter Reckless and Simond Dintz claimed that "good boys" have the ability to rein in deviant impulses. They called their approach

answer

Differential association theory

question

Alexander liazos speaks for the social conflict approach when he states that

answer

Powerless people are at the highest risk of being defined as deviant

question

Men who represent about half the population accounts about_______ of all arrest for property crime in the United States

answer

70%

question

It is true that prisons

answer

Do provide some protection for criminals for society. Do little to rehabilitate most inmates. Me create a stigma that hurts a convicts chance for later acceptance including finding a job

question

The recognized violation of cultural norms refers to what sociological term

answer

Deviance

question

Using Robert Merton's strain theory paradigm which term best classifies the behavior of a low-paid your compulsively conformig bank teller

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Ritualism

question

Weather people respond to the deviance as a moral or medical matter issue affects which of the following

answer

Cool response police or medical personnel. Whether the person is subject to punishment or treatment. How personally competent the person is assumed to be

question

Edwin Sutherland stated that the white collar crime

answer

Is usually resolved in a civil rather than a criminal court

question

Victimization surveys show that the actual amount of crime in the United States is about______ What official report indicates

answer

3x greater than

question

Because there are several hundred people in the United States for every police officer police

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Use discretion in deciding which situations warrant their attention

question

Crime differs from deviance in the sense that crime

answer

Is a violation of norms enacted into law

question

In his strain theory Robert and Martin would use which of the following terms to describe a notorious like Al Capone

answer

Innovator

question

What is Erving goffman's term for a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity

answer

Stigma

question

________ refers to the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf

answer

Corporate crime

question

Research suggests that with regard to social class arrest for serious crime is

answer

Higher for people in Lower Class levels

question

Which term refers to efforts to reform an offender in order to preclude further offenses

answer

Rehabilitation

question

What is the term for the formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police courts and prison officials

answer

The criminal justice system

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Both Albert Cohen and Walter Miller argue that criminality is most likely to arise among

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Low income youth

question

The value of psychological theories of deviance is limited because

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Most people who commit crimes have normal personalities

question

Organized crime refers to

answer

Any business that supplies illegal goods or services

question

Most criminal cases that reach the courts in the United States are resolved how

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Through a plea bargain

question

Edwin Sutherlands differential association theory links deviance to

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The amount of contact a person has with others who encourage or discourage the behavior in question

question

Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals with the goal of preventing deviance this process is called

answer

Social control

question

Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance uses the term_______ to refer to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting conventional means to get there

answer

Innovation

question

According to the social conflict paradigm what Society labels as deviant is based primarily upon

answer

Patterns of inequality in terms of power

question

Biological approaches offer

answer

A very limited understanding of crime

question

Emile durkheim's basic inside is that deviance is

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A normal element of social organization

question

The basic idea behind labeling theory is that

answer

Deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do

question

Which is the term for Crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of their occupations

answer

White collar crime

question

Prostitution is widely regarded as what kind of crime

answer

Victimless crime

question

The country with the highest number of killings involving handguns is

answer

The United States

question

His friends begin to criticize this individual as a boozer pushing him out of their Circle. The individual begins to drink even more becomes better and joins a new group of friends who are also heavy drinkers. According to Edwin limerick this situation illustrates

answer

The onset of secondary deviance

question

In his strain theory Robert Merton uses the term _______to describe the behavior of a radical who protects cultural goals and means in favor of some alternative system

answer

Rebellion

question

What illustrates the medicalization of deviance

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Theft being redefined as a compulsive disorder drinking too much being redefined as alcoholism promiscuity being redefined as a sexual addiction

question

A hate crime is defined as

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A criminal act motivated by racial or other bias

question

According to Elliot Curie factors that explain the high crime rate in the United States by World standards include

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Our emphasis on individual economic success which often weakens families and neighborhoods

question

What is not true about the social Foundation of deviance

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Most packs that are deviant in one place or deviant everywhere

question

Travis Hershey's control theory suggests which of the following categories of people would be most likely to engage in deviance

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Youngsters who hang out waiting for something to happen

question

The likelihood a person will be arrested for a street crime Rises sharply

answer

During the late teenage years

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Elijah Anderson describes the subculture of poor neighborhoods that encourages violence in trouble with the law as

answer

The code of the streets

question

Which justification uses the threat of punishment to discourage criminality

answer

Deterrence

question

The recent scandals involving Enron and other corporations are examples of which of the following

answer

A corporate crime

question

In his String Theory Robert Merton uses the term_____ to describe behavior of a Dropout who rejects both cultural goals and the conventional means to reach them

answer

Retreatism

question

Most people arrested for a violent crime are

answer

White

question

Gender figures out the study of deviance because

answer

Every society in the world applies more stringent normative controls to females than to males

question

Richard cloward and Lloyd Olin extended Merton's theory of deviance stating that a crime

answer

Reflects both limited legitimate opportunity as well as accessible illegitimate opportunity

question

The oldest justification for punishing an offender is

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Retribution

question

Edwin lemert describe primary deviance as

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A passing episode of deviance that has little on the person's self concept

question

Which of the following are functions of deviance noted by Emile durkheim

answer

Deviance of firms cultural values and norms responding to deviance promotes moral unity responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries

question

Which of the following comes closest to the correct view of the role of biology in causing to commit crimes

answer

Biological factors may have a real but small effect in causing some people to commit crimes

question

What is the term for social group toward which we feel competition or opposition

answer

Out-group

question

Which of the following is not evidence of the mcdonaldization of society

answer

Replacing bank tellers with automatic teller machines shopping in carefully designed climate-controlled malls the spread of worldwide chain stores and restaurants

question

Why did Cooley refer to some groups as primary groups

answer

They are among the first groups we experience in life they have primary importance in the socialization process they are people we think of as having primary importance in our lives

question

What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks

answer

Instrumental leadership

question

Max Weber argued that formal organizations while efficient have the ability to______ people within them

answer

Alienate

question

What is the sociological term coined by Irving Janis for a limited understanding of some issues caused by group conformity

answer

Groupthink

question

The chapter opening story of the McDonald's organization explains

answer

That the guiding principles of McDonald's have come to dominate our social life

question

What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes Collective well-being

answer

Expressive leadership

question

Formal organizations are

answer

Large secondary groups with a goal orientation

question

What do sociologists call two or more people who identify and interact with one another

answer

A social group

question

Which type of leaders are likely to use humor to lighten a serious moment

answer

Expressive leaders

question

Which of the following terms refers to a social group that people use as a point of reference in making evaluations or decisions

answer

Reference group

question

Which type of formal organization is sometimes called a voluntary Association

answer

Normative organization

question

Which of the following terms refers to the rule of many by the few

answer

Oligarchy

question

The term mcdonaldization of society refers to

answer

McDonald's organizational principles come to dominate much of society

question

In principle bureaucratic organizations pay little attention to

answer

Tradition

question

Which of the following is the best example of a secondary group

answer

A Microsoft Corporation awards banquet

question

Charles Cooley referred to a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships using the term

answer

Primary group

question

Which type of leadership style focuses on instrumental concerns making decisions and obtaining strict compliance for subordinates

answer

Authoritarian leadership

question

What is the term for a social group that commands a members esteem and loyalty

answer

In-group

question

A maximum-security prison is one example of a

answer

Coercive organization

question

What trades have been described as a female advantage

answer

A greater information Focus placing greater emphasis on communication more flexible leadership

question

Which of the following is the best example of a primary group

answer

A family gathering for a religious holiday

question

Stanley milgram's research in which subjects to use a Shot Generator showed

answer

People are surprisingly likely to follow the orders of not only legitimate authority figures but also groups of ordinary individuals

question

What sociological terms refers to a number of weak social ties among persons who have little common identity and little interaction

answer

Network

question

What is the term used to describe factors outside organization that affect its operation

answer

Organizational environment

question

Which of the following is every society's most important primary group

answer

The family

question

Which type of group leader supports collective decision making on an egalitarian basis

answer

Democratic

question

What does not describe formal organizations in Japan

answer

Expected leaders to make decisions quickly on their own and others to follow orders

question

The assembled students at a University graduation ceremony would correctly be termed a

answer

Secondary group

question

Which type of leaders tend to downplay their position and power allowing the group to function more or less on its own

answer

Laissez-faire leaders

question

Which statement reflects simmels understanding of the dyad

answer

Dyads are less stable than groups with many members

question

From the point of view of parents what type of formal organization is a school's parent-teacher Association

answer

In normative organization

question

Which is the following is not one of the principles of mcdonaldization

answer

Creativity

question

A secondary group is a social group that

answer

Is impersonal and engages in some specific activity

question

Which of the following statements is consistent with the findings of Solomon asch

answer

Many people are willing to compromise their own judgement to avoid being seen as different

question

The term bureaucracy refers to

answer

An organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently

question

Solomon asch research in which subjects were asked to match lines showed

answer

The power of group membership to generate conformity

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