question

Andi's sex chromosomes do not mach her sexual anatomy. Her condition is known as________

answer

intersex

question

Andre and Latisha have a son and daughter. Their son is expected to mow the lawn, take out the garbage, and wash the cars. Their daughter is expected to cook meals, vacuum, and pull weeds in the garden. This is an example of____

answer

gender socialization

question

For as long as she can remember, Nilay has liked to play with dolls while her brother prefers trucks and tools. These were the toys they were given by their parents and their books contained illustrations of these same preferences. This is an example of_____

answer

gender socialization

question

Josh was born female and was raised as a girl, but identifies as a man. His __________ does not match his assigned sex and is described as __________.

answer

gender identity; transgender

question

Lana had wanted to be a physician for as long as she could remember. When she graduated from high school she changed her mind and decided to become a nurse because she wants to have children and a family. Her decision was likely shaped by __________. Choose all that apply.

answer

gendered expectation of family life androgyny gender socialization sexual identity

question

Recently, some governments have begun to legally recognize that

answer

there are more than two possible genders.

question

Socialization

answer

is a life-long process by which people learn to act and think, in light of what they believe others expect of them.

question

The association of the color pink with girls and blue with boys

answer

is a relatively new gender rule.

question

The occupation with the highest percentage of men is __________, while the occupation with the highest percentage of women is __________.

answer

electricians; pre-K and K teachers

question

The term doing gender refers to

answer

turning sex categories into gender identities through personal interactions.

question

Transgender people are people whose

answer

gender identity does not match their assigned sex.

question

If you watched The Evolution of Dad through the theoretical lens of structural functionalism, you might conclude which of the following?

answer

Having a work-oriented father and domestic-oriented mother is the best way to raise children to be future workers.

question

The video The Evolution of Dad shows how gender is socially constructed because it

answer

documents the cultural influences of manhood.

question

In the video "Evolution of Dad," industrial revolution altered the role of fathers.

answer

True

question

In the video "Evolution of Dad," the idea "absentee landlord" refers to:

answer

Post-industrial revolution fathers

question

Stay-at-home fathering has become more common in recent years.

answer

True

question

According to the CNN article "Even in the age of Reality T.V....," it is indicated that sex transformation among celebrities is widely accepted

answer

False

question

According to the article "Even in the age of reality TV....." the celebrity Ms. Wachowski's primary concerns about acceptance of her sex tranformation was with which of the following?

answer

Family

question

When it comes to occupational sex segregation

answer

job screeners might bring their preconceived ideas of gender to the applicant selection process.

question

Despite women's increasing participation in work, on average they earn just _____________ percent of what men earn.

answer

81

question

A larger proportion of people say they believe __________ is morally wrong than believe gay or lesbian relations are morally wrong.

answer

sex between teenagers

question

As a result of a situation in which teenagers were texting naked pictures of themselves, Alaina began a public education program in her community to address what she sees as a(n) __________ environment for adolescents.

answer

hypersexualized

question

Compulsory heterosexuality is the

answer

assumption that everyone is straight until there is solid evidence otherwise and the pressure to conform to this norm

question

Contrary to popular beliefs about the degree to which women's menstrual cycles govern their moods, research has found that women's moods vary more depending on the day of the week than on the time of the month. This is an example of

answer

the importance of social influences on biology.

question

Encouraged by the federal government, many states instituted rigorous abstinence-only education programs in schools in the mid-1990s to the late 2000s. Students who took "virginity pledges" to accompany these programs

answer

were less likely to use birth control.

question

On average, married people have __________ sex and report __________levels of satisfaction than unmarried people.

answer

more; higher

question

One explanation for the increase in the percentage of people who have sexual intercourse before marriage is

answer

the typical age of first marriage has increased and these people have had sex in the earlier years anyway.

question

Robert, a Victorian moralist, was concerned that the "epidemic" of male sexual self-satisfaction (masturbation) would result in

answer

elimination of the need for family relationships

question

Russell is a low-income high school graduate who smokes. These __________ factors may explain his erectile dysfunction

answer

social

question

Since the 1990s, the percentage of high school students who have ever had intercourse has __________, while the percentage who used a condom has __________.

answer

decreased; increased

question

Teen boys tend to report more pleasurable sexual experiences, higher self-esteem and more popularity than teen girls, who often report feeling bad about themselves if they are sexually active. This is an example of

answer

the sexual double standard.

question

The data in the Story behind the Numbers indicates that

answer

a much higher percentage of people have engaged in same-sex behavior than identify as homosexual or bisexual.

question

The notion that sexual orientation is not the same as behavior means that

answer

sometimes people who identify as gay or lesbian have heterosexual romantic relationships.

question

The percentage of adolescents receiving formal instruction on birth control __________ from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s, while the number of teen pregnancies __________ during that time.

answer

increased; decreased

question

What is the most common form of birth control women use in the United States today?

answer

The Pill

question

What is the sexual double standard?

answer

putting stricter controls on women's sexual behavior than on men's

question

When sociologists examine sexually transmitted diseases, several broad issues stand out as particularly important, including

answer

social networks, sex education, and inequality

question

When studying sexual orientation, heterosexuality is

answer

rarely discussed explicitly and often assumed to need no explanation.

question

As seen in the video "Finding Families," 20% of the minor age group population will not experience family life.

answer

True

question

Sarah's story in the video, "Same Sex Marriages and Children," clearly depicts that same sex parenting is inconsistent with positive parenting outcomes.

answer

True

question

A large study of college students found that the majority reported hooking up __________ times.

answer

3 or fewer

question

According to research by the dating site OK Cupid, reported in Cohen's book, what can we learn about dating compatibility from people's astrological signs?

answer

nothing

question

Aisha dated Robert for five years in her mid-twenties. They discussed marriage, but Aisha's parents did not approve because Robert did not share their religion and culture. The couple broke up and Aisha ended up marrying a man with a similar cultural, religious, and economic background. This is an example of

answer

endogamy

question

An examination of physical traits that are commonly viewed as attractive in modern society seems to indicate that __________, rather than __________, play(s) a significant role in influencing mate selection.

answer

cultural norms; reproductive fitness

question

Angela, who identifies as heterosexual, has been encouraged to invite her boyfriend to family events, and her parents were happy to pay for her prom dress. Niki, who identifies as lesbian, is unable to bring a possible romantic interest to a family dinner or to attend her high school prom with her girlfriend. This is in part a result of the __________, which makes it difficult for lesbians and gays to pursue romantic relationships.

answer

social stigma

question

Contemporary courtship in the form of dating

answer

supports a marketplace that sells single people clothes, cosmetics, meals, movies, dating advice and more.

question

In sociology, what are social scripts?

answer

commonly understood patterns of interaction used in familiar situations

question

In the mid-1950s if a college woman went on multiple dates each week and dated five different men in a month, she was viewed as

answer

following the norm.

question

People of similar racial-ethnic backgrounds and social classes tend to have more contact with one another in part because they are likely to live in the same neighborhood and attend the same schools. These shared experiences may also lead them to pair up in romantic relationships. This is an example of the principle of

answer

homophily.

question

Racially segregated proms are possible because

answer

some public schools choose not to hold official proms, thereby tacitly supporting racially segregated private proms.

question

Rosa finds high heels uncomfortable and does not like the way they limit her mobility, yet she wears them because she does not feel that she has a choice at work and she thinks they make her attractive when she is out socializing. This is an example of

answer

gender socialization and inequality.

question

The common assumption that if a man and a woman kiss on a first date the man will initiate it is an example of

answer

a social script

question

The official recognition of romantic relationships reflects the intersections of the social institutions of the state and family. Such legal and political processes make family forms

answer

a matter of public debate and personal preference

question

The population of single people looking for relationships is

answer

older and more diverse than in the past.

question

Utilitarian love refers to

answer

the practical, rational dedication to another person based on shared understandings and emotional commitment.

question

What does endogamy mean?

answer

marrying people in the same group

question

As seen in the video "Sperm donor X," women over the age 40 loose fertility by 1% every month

answer

True

question

As seen in the video Sperm donor X, receiving sperms from sperm bank to get pregnant means incorporating mechanisms of genetic engineering to construct social identity

answer

True

question

According to the video "Marital status," expereinces of widowhood resonates with social sympathy

answer

false

question

As seen in the video "Marital status," among widows social script of memory driven love defines their marital significance

answer

true

question

A woman choosing to delay marriage longer than her mother did because she is able to support herself financially is an example of how __________ can contribute to declining marriage rates.

answer

economics

question

According to the textbook, the marriage of Barack and Michelle Obama, two Harvard-educated lawyers, illustrates the role __________ plays in choosing a marriage partner.

answer

socialization

question

Asian-American women are twice as likely to marry non-Asians as are Asian men. This creates an intermarriage imbalance, which results in Asian-American men being less likely to get married at a young age. This is an example of __________ impacting marriage choices.

answer

demography

question

How does the textbook suggest we can reconcile the paradox that while we still value the ideal of marriage as a lifelong commitment, contemporary culture is defined by individualism?

answer

Marriage can be understood as the result of a social expectation that we as individuals must make choices and find success in love

question

Juanita and La'Mon, who are both divorced, are a cohabitating couple with two teenage children, one from each of their respective previous marriages. If someone were to ask them why they choose to cohabitate rather than marry, they would be most likely to say

answer

they see cohabitation as a long-term and less risky substitute for marriage.

question

One major illustration of the modern changes seen in marriage patterns is that __________ has now become an expected stage in relationships for the majority of couples.

answer

cohabitation

question

Research shows that in regard to happiness, married people are generally happier than unmarried people. One likely reason for this is that

answer

happier people may be more attractive marriage partners.

question

Researchers have found that within the last few decades, those with less education are increasingly delaying their first marriage due to __________.

answer

increased economic insecurity

question

Social and cultural changes have brought about more __________, which some argue has weakened marriage ties; however, researchers suggest that the relationships that do survive are emotionally stronger.

answer

individualism

question

The decline of religious endogamy has mostly been the result of changes in

answer

the marrying behavior of liberal and moderate Protestants

question

The paradox regarding economics and marriage is illustrated by the fact that

answer

while there has been a decline in the economic need for marriage, those with higher incomes are now more likely to marry than those with lower incomes.

question

The term wedding industrial complex refers to the

answer

high cost and large number of components of a modern-day wedding.

question

The two assumptions required for Gary Becker's marriage market concept are that marriages must be __________ and there must be __________ for spouses.

answer

voluntary; competition

question

Which of the following is a reason for lower rates of marriage among African Americans?

answer

Black men have problems becoming employed due to a shrinking manufacturing industry.

question

Which of the following is an example of endogamy?

answer

a woman who marries someone in her racial group

question

Which of the following would be an example of a demographic change that is thought to be related to the decline in the marriage rate?

answer

high rates of incarceration among Black men

question

As seen in the video entitled "Wedding advice" Chris Ingraham provides example of wedding gown to support which of her ideas?

answer

Marriage is money market Marriage is labor exploitation Marriage is gendered All of the above

question

The overarching idea advanced by the video entitled "Wedding advice" is that institution of marriage embodies happiness is controversial.

answer

True

question

The overarching message the video entitled "Between the two worlds" extends is that individualism vs. collectivism influences advancement or decline in posterity.

answer

True

question

All the female respondents in the video entitled "Between the two worlds" supported young Jews women to prioritize making babies early on as a way to achieve women empowerment rather than feeding into radical politics.

answer

false

question

Shawn was born with ambiguous genitalia and XX chromosomes. This is a condition known as ______, and Shawn's parents decided to label her female and raise her as a girl.

answer

intersex

question

Max and Claire have a son and daughter. Their son is expected to mow the lawn and wash the cars. Their daughter is expected to cook the meals and vacuum. This is an example of

answer

gender socialization

question

Which pair of terms refers to social gender?

answer

woman and man

question

5. When individuals internalize elements of the social structure and make those elements part of their personalities, they have experienced the results of

answer

socialization

question

6. For as long as she can remember, Nilay has liked to play with dolls while her brother prefers trucks and tools. These were the toys given to them by their parents. This is an example of

answer

gender socialization

question

sex

answer

One's biological category, male or female, based on anatomy and physiology

question

Sexual Identity

answer

The recognition, or internalization, of a biological sex category

question

Gender

answer

The social realization of biological sex

question

Gender Identity

answer

the identification with the social category boy/man or girl/woman

question

Gender expression

answer

one's pattern of outward behavior in relation to common standards of a gender category

question

Sexual dimorphism

answer

physical differences between the sexes

question

Intersex

answer

A condition in which a person's chromosomal composition does not correspond with his or her sexual anatomy at birth, or the anatomy is not clearly male or female

question

Transgender

answer

A term to describe individuals whose gender identity does not match their assigned sex

question

Androgynous

answer

Neither exclusively masculine nor exclusively feminine

question

Biological Perspective on gender

answer

explanations for family behavior are often inspired by a structural functionalist view of society. emphasize the complementary and natural roles of men and women that serve the greater social good. focuses on stability and those aspects of family behavior that may or may not have an evolutionary basis.

question

Feminism Perspective on gender

answer

emphasize that gender identity and gender inequality is central to the social order and family life. The interactions between men and women in society reflect men's dominant position over women and reinforces these differences.

question

Masculinity Perspective on gender

answer

Much of the early research on gender was focused primarily on women. Rigid gender roles and expectations hurt women, but they also hurt men and male identity. Masculinity has its own history and development and is socially constructed. In fact, researchers are finding multiple masculinities based on different social constructions of what it means to be a boy or a man.

question

Symbolic Interaction

answer

argues that complex social systems are maintained through elaborate interpersonal interaction Individuals must enact their social roles and receive feedback from others in order to build and maintain their identities. Individuals must enact their own sex categories into accomplishments of gender identity in a process called doing gender

question

Sexual Orientation

answer

The pattern of romantic or sexual attraction to others in relation to one's own gender identity

question

Stigma

answer

A quality that is perceived as undesirable an that sets a person apart from others in his or her social category

question

Homophobia

answer

Fear of, or antipathy toward, homosexuality in general and gays and lesbians in particular

question

Compulsory Heterosexuality

answer

The pressures to conform to the majority sexual orientation and the assumption that everyone is straight until proven otherwise

question

Coming Out

answer

The process of revealing one's gay sexual orientation to the significant people in one's life

question

Modern Intimacy

answer

With advances in modern birth control, sexual activity has been "freed" from being primarily connected to reproduction. The greater acceptance of sex outside of marriage has reduced the amount and number of social sanctions imposed on those who engage in extramarital sex. The growing independence of young adults from parents has weakened the ties of parental supervision .

question

common patterns of sex

answer

Sex comes before marriage. Men have more partners than women. Having many partners is relatively uncommon. Sex without consent is relatively common.

question

___percent of Americans are now having sexual intercourse before marriage

answer

95

question

most sexual activity still takes place between people who are

answer

in long-term relationships

question

The Sexual Double Standard

answer

the practice of applying stricter moral or legal controls to women's sexual behavior than to men's

question

two important reasons why the topic of teen sex needs further scrutiny

answer

The facts around teen sex are complicated. An understanding of the consequences of teen sexuality depend upon its context.

question

Adolescence

answer

The period of development between childhood and adulthood

question

5. For Sam, the process of ______ took many years while he told his close friends, family, work colleagues, and others that he is gay. Carla, on the other hand, did not have to go through this process because she identifies as heterosexual.

answer

coming out

question

Social Script

answer

A commonly understood pattern of interaction that serves as a model of behavior in familiar situations

question

Cohabitation

answer

living together; now more widely accepted and occurring.

question

Love

answer

A deep affection and concern for another, with whom one feels a strong emotional bond

question

Utilitarian Love

answer

The practical, rational dedication of one person to another based on shared understanding and emotional commitment

question

Romantic Relationships

answer

Mutually acknowledged, ongoing interactions featuring heightened affection and intensity

question

Hooking Up

answer

A casual sexual or romantic encounter without explicit commitment or exclusivity

question

Mate Selection

answer

The process by which people choose each other for sexual or romantic relationships

question

Homophily

answer

The principle by which similar people have more of a given kind of contact than dissimilar people

question

Endogamy

answer

marriage and reproduction within a distinct group

question

Romantic love

answer

The passionate devotion and attraction one person feels for another

question

(unrealistic) ideal of love

answer

love is unambiguous and clear love is unique individuals must prove or demonstrate love by overcoming obstacles in a type of love "quest" love is permanent and eternal.

question

Of the following social theorists, whose ideas about private property and social conflict could be said to align most closely with those of Karl Marx?

answer

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

question

2. Tina believes that inequality is necessary to keep Earth's population in check. Her view is most consistent with the views of which theorist? biological basis for sexual orientation.

answer

Thomas Malthus

question

3. Which of the following standards of equality was key to the arguments of civil rights leaders in the 1960s

answer

equality of opportunity

question

4. In responding to surveys asking them to rank various occupations according to status, people place more emphasis on the __________ of the position than the position's __________.

answer

educational requirements; income level

question

three major trends related to marriage

answer

1There has been an overall decline in marriage. 2Marriage rates have declined more rapidly for some (racial-ethnic) groups than for others. 3Marriage is increasingly concentrated among those with higher education and income.

question

two major issues that need to be considered when contemplating economic factors and marriage:

answer

1how increasing economic independence for individuals decreases the need for marriage 2how negative economic factors and economic insecurity discourage the actual practice of marriage

question

Why people still get married?

answer

incentives: social protection, parental rights, insurance benefits, employer perks, etc. Social Pressure: There are both real and perceived benefits to marriage, and couples are often encouraged to get married by family, peers, the media, and so on. Imitation: Marriage is still an important part of culture and is highly visible and symbolic. It remains a strong desire and choice for many modern individuals. And even though many young adults are delaying or postponing marriage, the majority still end up marrying, thus choosing to conform to common cultural patterns.

question

Marriage Market

answer

The social space in which people search for potential marriage partners

question

Selection Effect

answer

The problem that occurs when the cause being studied has already been determined by the outcome that is under investigation

question

1. Order the following to reflect the sequence of life events that typically occurs for the average young adult woman in the modern era?

answer

complete education, embark on career, get married, have children

question

1. Which of the following is an example of endogamy?

answer

a woman who marries someone in her racial group

question

2. Researchers have found that within the last few decades, those with less education are increasingly delaying their first marriage due to

answer

increased economic insecurity.

question

3. The two assumptions required for Gary Becker's marriage market concept are that marriages must be ______ and there must be ______ for spouses.

answer

voluntary; competition

question

4. Social and cultural changes have brought about more ______, which some people argue has weakened marriage ties; however, researchers suggest that the relationships that do survive are emotionally stronger.

answer

individualism

question

5. One major illustration of the modern changes seen in marriage patterns is that ______ has now become an expected stage in relationships for the majority of couples.

answer

cohabitation

question

6. A woman choosing to delay marriage longer than her mother did because she is able to support herself financially is an example of how ______ can contribute to declining marriage rates.

answer

economics

question

7. The term wedding industrial complex refers to the

answer

high cost and large number of components of a modern-day wedding.

question

Childbearing Trends

answer

About a third of unmarried parents are actually living together (cohabiting) at the time of the birth. While fewer parents are married now than in the past, many children are involved with more than two parents. The number of women reaching age 45 without having any children has doubled since the 1980s.

question

Parent

answer

An adult intimately responsible for the care and rearing of a child

question

Biological Parents

answer

The adults whose bodies - including the father's sperm and the mother's egg - produce a child

question

Adoptive Parents

answer

People who are parents to a child they did not produce biologically

question

Fertility

answer

The number of children born in a society or among a particular group

question

Total Fertility Rate

answer

The number of children born to the average woman in her lifetime.

question

Unmarried Parents

answer

Young adults with children who are not ready or willing to marry

question

Opportunity Cost

answer

The price one pays for choosing the less lucrative of available options

question

most common reason for abortion

answer

economics, education, or other family concerns

question

Average women have ___ children in their lifetime

answer

2.1

question

Infertility

answer

The failure of a couple to have a successful pregnancy despite deliberately having sex without contraception

question

Intensive Motherhood

answer

Cultural pressure on women to devote more time, energy, and money to raising their children

question

1. How much does it cost for a low-income family ($98,000/yr.) to raise a child through age 17?

answer

$160,000; $370,000

question

1. One skill or resource that parents provide (or try to provide) for their children is ______, which helps prepare them for future social situations so that they will feel less confusion and stress.

answer

socialization

question

2. The increase in women's employment and the increased diversity of family structure changed the cultural view of fathers from the ______ to the ______ ideal, which emphasizes providing both material support and emotional bonding.

answer

male provider; involved father

question

3. Public opinion regarding spanking children can be understood as being shaped by both traditional beliefs and by ______, which are influenced by the advice of experts such as doctors, teachers, and social scientists.

answer

contemporary attitudes

question

4. Kayla decides to leave her lucrative job as a financial analyst in order to have and raise a second child. The income she will be giving up in order to raise her child can be referred to as

answer

an opportunity cost.

question

5. If a country has a total fertility rate of more than 2.1, the population will usually ______ , but if the total fertility rate is lower than 2.1, the population will instead ______.

answer

grow; shrink

question

6. As described by sociologist Viviana Zelizer, the transformation of American childhood during modern times can be understood as children loosing their ______ value and instead achieving a newfound ______ value.

answer

economic; emotional

question

7. Reed and May are both young children who live with their mother. Recently, due to the financial strain of single parenthood, all three of them moved in with a grandparent. This change is referred to as

answer

a family transition.

question

In part because of the legal, technological, and financial burdens they must overcome, gay and lesbian parents

answer

tend to devote larger-than-average amounts of time and energy to their children.

question

Public opinion regarding spanking children can be understood as being shaped by both traditional beliefs as well as __________, which are influenced by the advice of experts such as doctors, teachers, and social scientists.

answer

contemporary attitudes

question

Rashad and Amaya are both young children who live with their mother. Recently, due to the financial strain of single-parenthood, all three of them moved in with a grandparent. This change is referred to as __________ and can often add stress to child development, even when their situation changes for the better.

answer

a family transition

question

Sarah and Dean are a young unmarried couple with two children They are part of the observed nationwide increase in unmarried parents that has been occurring since the 1990s. Sarah and Dean are also __________ to be poor compared to __________.

answer

more likely; most other married parents

question

Sociologist Sharon Hays considers the rise of the ideology of intensive motherhood and the pressure it puts on women to be ironic because

answer

these days most women have less time available to them to perform this intensive motherhood.

question

The purpose of the Hague Adoption Convention was to ensure that adoptive families are

answer

first searched for in a child's home country.

question

Which group(s) of women are more likely to have unintended pregnancies as well as abortions? Choose all that apply.

answer

Black women, single women, low income

question

Which of the following best explains the reason behind the passion of the childfree movement?

answer

a backlash against the culture of intensive parenting

question

While adoptions have become more open in the last 50 years, they have also become much more uncommon. This can be understood as a result of the __________. Choose all that apply.

answer

growing availability of fertility treatments legality of abortion declining stigma associated with unmarried motherhood growing availability of birth control

question

While the use of mobile phones and other technological gadgets can clearly enhance children's ability to communicate freely and express themselves, the tracking devices on smart phones also provide parents with a tool to __________ their children, which is another new trend in modern parenting.

answer

constrain

question

In the video titled "Same-sex couples raising children," Dr. Annato states that it would be considered a double-standard to think that medical sceince interferes with procreation among same-sex couples.

answer

True

question

The video titled "Children and expenses," states that government spending for children applies to all of the followings

answer

For medical care For education For playground and product safety inspection

question

According to the video "Children and expenses," parents income has zero correlation with children's resources.

answer

false

question

As seen in the video titled "Same-sex couples raising children," the author of the book "Coming out Straight" supports that homo-sexuality compared to hetero-sexuality is equally capable of protecting procreation.

answer

false

question

As seen in the video titled "Same-sex couples raising children," Alma wants to undergo the process of procreation before her partner to become parent.

answer

false

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