question

Jane is a 49 year-old woman of Irish-German descent. What do these characteristics have in common?

answer

ascribed status

question

Signs that identify a position in society someone occupies are referred to as

answer

status symbols

question

A position in society that someone holds that cuts across other statuses they hold, such as being a high ranking Army officer, college president, or handicapped would be considered their

answer

master status

question

The difference between status and role is that

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we occupy a status and play a role

question

Which of the following is not one of the five functional requisites that every society must fulfill to survive?

answer

maintaining traditional gender relations

question

According to Durkheim, when a society increases in size, its division of labor becomes more specialized. People begin to depend on one another and become interdependent. This form of social cohesion he termed ________

answer

organic solidarity

question

An approach to social interaction in which social life is analyzed in terms of the stage is called ________

answer

dramaturgy

question

If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences. This classic statement is known as the

answer

Thomas Theorem

question

Ferdinand Tonnies' term for the type of society he referred to as \"the intimate community\" was ________. The term he used to describe the type of society characterized by \"impersonal association\" was ________.

answer

Gemeinschaft; Gesellschaft.

question

In Professor Jones' social problems course the students interact freely with one another, think of themselves as \"Dr. J's class,\" and feel they are significant because of their mutual interest in social reform. In view of this which concept best describes Dr. Jones' class?

answer

Group

question

The \"dawn of civilization\" is most associated with which social revolution?

answer

agriculture

question

The ________ is to the post industrial society as the ________ is to the emerging biotech society.

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microchip; decoding of the human genome

question

What is the key feature of post-industrial societies as it relates to the work force?

answer

transmission and use of information services dominated the work force

question

There are New York Yankee fans in every state in America, throughout Canada, and in nations all over the world. Sociologically, which concept best describes these fans?

answer

category

question

A group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face association and cooperation is referred to as a

answer

primary group

question

Kody is a member of the L.A. Crips. The other gangs in his territory are the Bloods and Satan's Slaves. Kody feels very antagonistic towards the Bloods and the Slaves. For Kody, these two rival gangs would be considered

answer

outgroups

question

Different situations require that different styles of leadership be used to meet the primary goals of the group. Imagine a tour group that is lost in the desert. Which type of leadership would be best for the tour guide to adopt?

answer

authoritarian

question

Who conducted the classic experiment addressing the power of peer pressure that included six \"stooges\" and one actual test subject viewing cards with lines of varying length?

answer

Solomon Asch

question

What did Stanley Milgram's \"teacher-learner\" experiment demonstrate?

answer

A substantial number of people will inflict pain on others when ordered to do so by a person in a position of authority

question

How would an organization minimize group think from occurring?

answer

person in position of authority giving free reign to diverse opinions

question

An approach to life in which there is an emphasis on rules, efficiency, and practical results is

answer

rationality

question

What is the major emphasis of the traditional orientation to life?

answer

the past is the best guide for what should be done in the present

question

In which two societies are people evaluated based on \"the bottom line\"?

answer

industrial and post-industrial

question

The early theorist who proposed religious beliefs were the key to whether or not a society embraced capitalism was

answer

Max Weber

question

Samantha works in a place that is hierarchical, has a division of labor, written rules, communications and records, and in which the administration treats workers impersonally. Based on these characteristics, we can conclude that Samantha works in a[n]

answer

bureaucracy

question

The experience of being cut off from the product of one's labor that results in a feeling of powerlessness is called

answer

alienation

question

The Boy Scouts, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, most civic organization, and all other organizations that people join because of mutual interest are all examples of

answer

voluntary associations

question

The domination of organizations by a small, self-perpetuating elite is called

answer

Iron law of Oligarchy

question

It is believed by some sociologists that attempts to humanize the workplace are simply ways to manipulate workers into cooperating in their own exploitation. This belief is most aligned with the _____ perspective.

answer

conflict

question

People work more effectively in small groups and work teams than in a centralized command structure. What is the sociological explanation for this?

answer

Small groups form primary relationships thereby reducing alienation

question

Violation of norms and rules that are written into law are officially called ________.

answer

crimes

question

The concept of the relativity of deviance is best illustrated by which of the following statements?

answer

it is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that makes it deviant

question

Ritualistic procedures intended to humiliate norm violators and mark them as being moral outcasts of the group to which they once belonged are called ________.

answer

degradation ceremonies

question

The term degradation ceremony was coined by sociologist ________.

answer

Harold Garfinkel

question

Based on differential association theory, what is the most likely background shared by juvenile delinquents?

answer

they are from families that have a history of being involved in crime

question

The significance of names or reputations given to people when they engage in certain types of behavior is the focus of ________ theory.

answer

labeling theory

question

The theory developed by Robert Merton is based on the idea that most people want to attain cultural goals, but not everyone has the legitimate means of achieving them is ________ theory.

answer

strain theory

question

John desires the best things in life...a fast car, designer clothes, and membership in exclusive clubs. But rather than work his way through the system, he has discovered he can have all these things by selling crack cocaine in the inner city. How would Merton classify John?

answer

innovator

question

Sociologists who view law as an instrument of oppression and used to control workers are aligned most with which sociological perspective?

answer

conflict perspective

question

How would conflict theorists classify migrant workers, seasonal employees, and members of the workforce who are subject to layoffs?

answer

marginal working class

question

What are the three variables Max Weber identified as defining social class?

answer

wealth, power, prestige

question

Based on the Marxist orientation of conflict sociologists, how many distinct social classes exist?

answer

2

question

When used by sociologists, the term \"wealth,\" refers to ________.

answer

both property owned and income made by the person minus debts

question

Ruth owns the Head 2 Toe Boutique where she employs 15 workers. According to Erik Wright's model of social class, Ruth would be classified as a[n] ________.

answer

petty bourgeoisie

question

What are the four variables Gilbert and Kahl used to develop a six-class model to reflect the class structure of the United States and other capitalist countries?

answer

education, power, property, prestige

question

What is the upward or downward movement in social class by family members from one generation to the next?

answer

intergenerational mobility

question

Changes in society that cause large numbers of people to move up or down the class ladder which causes one class to increase while others decrease is called ________ mobility.

answer

structural

question

What is the strongest variable in developing correlations to which social groups are in poverty?

answer

race and ethnicity

question

The most likely segment of the population in the United States to experience poverty today are ____.

answer

children

question

What region of the United States has the highest clustering of people in poverty?

answer

The South

Essay about Sociology Exam 2

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