Sociology Chapter 7 Analysis – Flashcards
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According to Robert Merton's strain theory, the term ________ correctly describes the behavior of a school "dropout" who rejects both cultural goals and the conventional means to reach them.
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retreatist
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If a parent threatens a child with punishment in order to discourage wrongdoing, the parent is using punishment to accomplish
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deterrence.
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Crime committed by persons of high social position during the course of their occupations is called
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white-collar crime.
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In his study of New England's Puritans, Kai Erikson concluded that
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even this disciplined and highly religious group created deviance to clarify the moral boundaries of their community.
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According to Robert Merton's strain theory, how would you classify a low-paid, yet compulsively conforming bank teller who never seems to want to get ahead but never seems to do anything wrong?
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ritualist
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Prostitution is widely regarded as a
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victimless crime.
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One of the social foundations of deviance is that
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deviance exists only in relation to cultural norms.
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Thomas Szasz made the controversial assertion that
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mental illness is a myth so that "insanity" is only "differences" that bother other people.
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A hate crime is defined as
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a criminal act motivated by race or other bias.
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Looking back in history, the oldest justification for punishing an offender is
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retribution.
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The concept of due process refers to
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the criminal justice system operating within the bounds of the law.
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Organized crime refers to
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any business that supplies illegal goods or services.
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Both Albert Cohen and Walter Miller argue that deviance is most likely to arise among
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low-income youths.
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According to Durkheim, functions of deviance include
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the idea that responding to deviance promotes social unity.
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Edwin Lemert described "primary deviance" as
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a passing episode of deviance that has little effect on the person's self-concept.
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Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called ______.
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social control
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According to Robert Merton's strain theory, the term ________ would correctly describe a gangster like Al Capone, who made a lot of money breaking the law.
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innovator
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Crimes against the person" includes all but
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burglary.
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"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime
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refers to a violation of norms enacted into law.
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In Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, ___________ refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting the conventional means to achieve them.
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innovation
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Walter Reckless and Simon Dinitz claimed that "good boys" have the ability to rein in deviant impulses. They called their analysis
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containment theory.
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Most criminal cases handled by the criminal justice system in the United States are resolved
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through plea bargaining.
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An example of the "medicalization of deviance" is
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theft being redefined as a "compulsive stealing."
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"The recognized violation of cultural norms" refers to the concept of
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deviance.
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According to Robert Merton's strain theory, the term _______ correctly describes the behavior of a radical activist who rejects just about everything in the existing society in favor of some alternative system.
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rebel
