Sociology Chapter 15 Vocabulary
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population
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Number of people living in an area at a particular time.
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demography
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The area of sociology devoted to the study of human populations.
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birthrate
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The measure used by demographers to describe the births within a population.
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fertility
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The actual number of births occurring to women of childbearing age.
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fecundity
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The biological capability to bear children.
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death rate
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The number of deaths within a population.
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life expectancy
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The average number of years that a person born in a particular year can expect to live.
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migration
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The movement of people from one specified area to another.
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Malthusian Theory
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The theory stating that world population would soon reach astronomical numbers and cause world disaster!!
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demographic transition theory
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Theory stating that population patterns are tied to a society's level of technological development.
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family planning
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The conscious decision by couples to have a certain number of children.
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urbanization
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The concentration of population in cities.
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city
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A permanent concentration of a relatively large number of people who are engaged mainly in non farming activities.
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over-urbanization
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A situation in which more people live in a city than can be supported in terms of jobs and facilities.
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urban ecology
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The study of cities; specifically the relationship between people and the urban environment.
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concentric zone model
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Urban structure model stating that a typical industrial city spreads outward from the center resulting in a series of circles to see each other. (proposed by Ernst W. Burgess)
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sector model
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Urban structure model stating that growth occurs in wedge shaped sectors outward outward from the center to the edge of the city. (proposed by Homer Hoyt)
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multiple nuclei model
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Urban structure model stating that a city doesn't develop around one central core but actually around several centers of activity or \"nuclei\".
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urban sprawl
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Poorly planned development on the edge of cities and towns.
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urban anomie theory
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Theory stating that the city is an anonymous and unfriendly place, and living there carries serious negative consequences for residents.
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compositional theory
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theory that examines the ways in which the composition of a city's population influences life in the city.
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subcultural theory
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theory that explains the nature of city life; cities are made to encourage the formation of primary group relationships.
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growth rate
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The rate at which a country's population is increasing.
