question

The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative power, property, and prestige is referred to as ________.

answer

social stratification

question

What were the three major causes of slavery prior to life in the American colonies?

answer

debt, crime, and war

question

In colonial America, immigrants were transported to the new world "on credit" by the captain of the ship, who then sold their services to wealthy colonists who paid their passage. In return, these immigrants worked for a specified period of time and were known as _________ or _________.

answer

indentured servants; bonded laborers

question

What is the basis of India's caste system?

answer

religion

question

Raul is a member of India's upper caste Kshatriya, who recently engaged in an intimate act with a member of the Dalit. Raul has seen the error of his ways, however, and wants to make amends for his indiscretions. Which statement best explains Raul's next course of action?

answer

Raul will undergo ablution.

question

Where would someone encounter a stratification system that includes Europeans, Africans, Coloureds, and Asians?

answer

South Africa

question

A form of the caste system that, until recently, was legal in South Africa was called _______

answer

apartheid

question

In the estate system, the practice of the firstborn son inheriting all land owned by the father was called ________.

answer

primogeniture

question

Bartholomew is a member of the second estate in Europe during the middle ages. In view of this, what is Bartholomew's most likely social location?

answer

He is a monk in the St. Thomas Aquinas parish.

question

In the estate stratification system, members of the third estate are called ___________.

answer

serfs

question

What is the significant difference between the class system and the systems of slavery, caste, and estate?

answer

The class system has fluid boundaries.

question

Which of the following characteristics is most associated with the class system?

answer

movement up and down the class ladder

question

In every society, from the hunting and gathering society to the postindustrial society, the most common basis for social stratification has been ________.

answer

gender

question

Conflict theorists classify the few who own the means of production as ________.

answer

capitalists

question

If a person were living during Karl Marx's lifetime and worked at the Smittertown ironworks, Marx would consider that person a member of the ________.

answer

proletariat

question

At the steel plant, all minorities hired are assigned to work the battery pits, one of the dirtiest jobs in the mill. Even so, the battery pit workers wear this assignment as a badge of honor and have developed a close social bond that transcends the time they spend at the mill. How would Karl Marx describe their solidarity?

answer

The workers share class consciousness.

question

What did Karl Marx predict after workers were exploited year after year by the capitalist class?

answer

Workers would revolt against the bourgeoisie and assume control.

question

Sally is employed as a computer programmer for the Ellis Corporation. She has a savings account of $15,000 and owns a few shares of Ellis stock. She thinks of herself as an investor rather than as a worker. Marx would maintain that Sally has experienced ________

answer

false class consciousness

question

What term would Karl Marx use for today's workers who mistakenly identify with the capitalists simply because they own a few shares of stock or work as managers of large corporations?

answer

false class consciousness

question

The ability to control others, even over their objections, is referred to as ________.

answer

power

question

The sociologist who believed that social class is made up of three components - property, power, and prestige - was ________.

answer

Max Weber

question

Which two theorists concluded that the universality of stratification can be explained by the necessity to motivate the most qualified people to fill the most important and demanding positions in a society?

answer

Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore

question

According to Melvin Tumin, which of the following high school seniors will most likely attend college?

answer

the C+ student from the upper class

question

According to Gaetano Mosca, every society is stratified by ________ to ensure that society's work gets done.

answer

Power

question

Gaetano Mosca offered three arguments regarding society and power. All of the following represent his arguments EXCEPT for which one?

answer

Man is naturally good.

question

According to James Henslin, of the following methods, which would be the best way to preserve a stratification system?

answer

controlling ideas, information, technology through ideology

question

One of the effective methods of control employed during the rule of monarchies was the divine right of kings. This was a method of maintaining stratification that falls under the general category of ________.

answer

controlling ideas

question

Which of the following statements is false?

answer

Although it is expensive, coercion is the most effective means by which elites can maintain stratification of their societies.

question

Based on the global stratification model, nations of the former Soviet Union and its former satellites in Eastern Europe are classified as ________.

answer

the Industrializing Nations

question

Which of the following nations fails to fit into the stratification typology of Most Industrialized Nations, Industrializing Nations, and Least Industrialized Nations

answer

Kuwait

question

What was the purpose of colonialism as it was practiced by the major European powers during eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries?

answer

to exploit the annexed nation's people and resources

question

Which concept explains the rise of global stratification as including core nations, semi periphery nations, periphery nations, and external areas?

answer

world system theory

question

Great Britain was one of the first nations in which industrial capitalism developed. According to world system theory, Great Britain would be a ________ nation.

answer

core

question

In world system theory, nations that were initially left out of the development of capitalism and allowed to stagnate are called ________.

answer

the external area

question

Some nations have traditionally been in poverty from one generation to the next, relying on tradition rather than experimenting with new technology that might improve their standard of living. This explanation for global stratification is called ________.

answer

culture of poverty

question

Why do the ruling elite in the Least Industrialized Nations work so closely with the heads of multinational corporations to develop informal partnerships?

answer

to develop the necessary political stability to maintain the partnership

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