question

Sexual orientation was grounds for excluding immigrants from the united states until:

answer

1990

question

Crime and deviance:

answer

tend to be one and the same; if something is a crime, it is always deviant.

question

As discussed in Chapter 6, the 2003 U.S Supreme Court case of Lawrence v. Texas:

answer

affirmed Texas's criminality of homosexual sex.

question

Although deviant behavior can be bad for social cohesion, it is paradoxical because:

answer

it is the deviants among us who hold society together

question

A crime such as burglary is also known as which type of deviance?

answer

formal

question

Violation of laws enacted by society is also known as:

answer

crimes

question

Using your cell phone while the professor lectures is which type of deviance?

answer

informal

question

Durkheim's theory and research on deviance fall within which of the main sociological theories?

answer

functionalist

question

The functionalist perspectives on deviance argues that deviance:

answer

is necessary for a society's survival

question

The common faith or set of social norms by which a society and its members abide is defines by Durkheim as:

answer

collective conscience

question

When people in a society form social bonds and relate meaningfully to others on a daily basis, the society is said to exhibit:

answer

social cohesion

question

Which of Durkheim's types of social solidarity characterizes premodern life?

answer

mechanical

question

Which of Durkheim's types of social solidarity characterizes modern life?

answer

organic

question

When a prison offers educational opportunities, mental health treatment, a job training programs to inmates which response to deviance is it engaging it?

answer

rehabilitative

question

Punishments that attempt to restore the status quo that existed prior to the offense are known as:

answer

restitutive

question

Sociologist refer to the set of mechanisms that creates compliance to norms as which of the following?

answer

social control

question

In industrialized societies, social sanctions are most likely:

answer

focused on the criminal's individual circumstances

question

Punishments that are overt expressions of official group sentiments toward deviants are also known as:

answer

formal social sanctions

question

Punishments that are based on the usually unexpressed but widely known rules of group membership are known as unspoken rules and as:

answer

informal social sanctions

question

Neighborhood watch groups are examples of what urban theorist Jane Jacobs called:

answer

the eyes and ears of the streets

question

The act of abiding by society's norms is known as which of the following?

answer

anomie

question

Which of the following is Durkheim's primary explanation for why people commit suicide?

answer

They lack social integration

question

According to Durkheim's research, what is the primary reason that Protestants are more likely to kill themselves than Catholics and Jews?

answer

Protestantism is premised on the individual, which creates less social integration

question

According to Merton, which of the following describes a person who accepts both the goals defined by society and the means to achieve them?

answer

conformist

question

Viola is a woman who rejects the goals defined by society to achieve a big house and lots of money, but she still follows the means and abides by the rules. Merton would classify Viola as a(n):

answer

ritualist

question

A person who desires a big mansion and the perfect "American Dream" lifestyle, but sells illegal drugs to achieve this, is known by Merton as a(n):

answer

innovator

question

According to Merton, a person who completely stops participating in society's drive to achieve its defines goals is a(n):

answer

rebel

question

Victor Rios wrote Punished: The Criminalization of Inner City Boys (2010) , in which the questions whether:

answer

increasing police in inner-city neighborhoods actually increases criminal records of the youth there.

question

According to Becker, why do marijuana smokers enjoy using the drug?

answer

They engage in social process of learning to define the experiences as fun and pleasurable.

question

The student guards in Zimbardo's Standford Prison Experiment behaved the way they did because:

answer

they experienced the Lucifer effect, in which they are affected by social surroundings and cultural expectations.

question

The first acts of deviance that people engage in before they ever get caught and labeled are known as:

answer

primary deviance

question

Labeling theory focuses on:

answer

the ways in which society labels different kinds of activities as deviant

question

After a student drops out of high school, she becomes labeled a "drop-out", and her subsequent actions and choices are explained in terms of this label. Those subsequent actions are called:

answer

anomie

question

Which of the following is a negative social label that alters a person's self-concept and identity, as well as how others treat the person?

answer

stigma

question

When an elementary school student is labeled as the "class clown" by his teacher, and then adopts the persona and lives up to others expectations by acting silly, the class clown label has become a:

answer

stigma

question

Devah Pager (2001) found, in her study of job applications and criminal records, that a negative social label affects people's chances in life. This label is called a _________ by sociologist.

answer

stigma

question

Which theory explains how social context and social cues impact the way individuals act, specifically, whether or not local, informal norms allow acts such as vandalizing an abandoned car?

answer

broken windows theory

question

How does the social context affect crime, according to the broken window theory?

answer

Evidence of disorder, such as broken windows, sends a signal that it's acceptable to engage in further deviant behaviors such as vandalism.

question

When analyzing U.S crime rates, your textbook author explains that the best indicator we have of crime is the:

answer

murder rate

question

Charles is a 41 -year-old man who recently got caught committing a crime after serving a long prison sentence. This an example of:

answer

recidivism

question

Illegal drug dealing is an example of which of the following types of crimes, as defines by sociologist?

answer

street crimes

question

Tax evasion is an example of which of the following types of crimes, as defined by sociologists?

answer

white-collar crimes

question

Which of the following cries has the most financial impact in the United States today?

answer

white-collar crime

question

Former Enron CEO Kenneth Lay committed crimes such as misappropriating funds, issuing false reports, and destroying evidence. These crimes are known as:

answer

corporate crimes

question

A policy of imprisoning and monitoring criminal offenders for committing crimes in an effort to prevent them from committing more crimes is known as:

answer

specific deterrence

question

Prisons and military boot camps are examples of what Goffman calls:

answer

total institutions

question

An elementary school isn't a total institution because:

answer

students leave every afternoon and adopt different roles at that time.

question

In 1973, the governor of New York State enacted legislation mandating increased prison terms for

answer

the Rockefeller drug laws

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding the current U.S incarceration rate?

answer

It is the highest in American history

question

According to the textbook, which of the following is true regarding race and the death row population?

answer

Justice on death row is not color-blind

question

According to data on mass incarceration in the United States, the national cost per prisoner is approximately how much per year?

answer

$20,000

question

What percentage of the U.S voting age population is not allowed to vote because of prior crime convictions?

answer

0.5%

question

Some sociologists argue that President Nixon's declaration of a war on drugs in the United States has turned into:

answer

"war on the black family"

question

According to social conflict approach, what is society labels as deviant is based primarily upon:

answer

Patterns of inequality and who has more power

question

Social conflict theorists argue that:

answer

Powerless people are the highest risk of being defines as deviant

question

___________ refers to the illegal actions if a corporate or people on its behalf.

answer

Corporate crime

question

A hate crime is defined as:

answer

a criminal act motivated by racial or other bias

question

Research suggests that, with regard to social class, arrest for serious crime:

answer

Is higher for people in lower class

question

Most people arrested for violent crime are:

answer

White

question

TRUE OR FALSE/ A conflict theorist would note that those is society who hold the power are also the ones who make the laws concerning crime. In doing so, they make laws that will benefit them, while the powerless classes who lack resources to make such decisions suffer the consequences.

answer

True

question

TRUE OR FALSE/ In his book, the power elite (1965) sociologist C. Wright Mills describes the existence of what he dubbed the power elite, a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources. Wealthy...

answer

True

question

TRUE OR FALSE/ Feminist theory and Deviance would argue that women who are regarded as criminally deviant are often seen as being doubly deviant. They have broken the laws but they have also broken gender norms about appropriate female behavior, whereas mens criminal behavior is seen as consistent with their aggressive, self-assertive character.

answer

True

question

TRUE OR FALSE/ The sociologist term used to describe crime committed by persons of high social positions in the course of their occupations in white color crime.

answer

True

question

TRUE OR FALSE/ In general, people of higher social class are likely to be arrested for street crimes than people of lower class positions.

answer

False

question

Which nation has one of the highest poverty in the advanced world?

answer

United States

question

One of the explanations of continued racism in America is that we have:

answer

Colonized others within the country itself, as with slavery

question

What populations was Oscar Lewis studying when he coined the term "culture of poverty"?

answer

Mexicans

question

A politician who argues that poverty causes people to reject the practices of "mainstream" society is making a(n) _____________ argument?

answer

Culture of poverty

question

People who are born into poverty and ultimately raise their own children in poverty learn "how" to live in poverty. They learn the norms and values associated with that particular way of life. This is known as Oscar Lewis's:

answer

Culture of poverty

question

What is one shortcoming of the current calculation of the poverty rate?

answer

It only focuses on income and ignores wealth

question

Which U.S president was responsible for the War of Poverty and programs like Head Start and Job Corps?

answer

Lyndon B. Johnson

question

Poverty has a strong effect on children's life changes because:

answer

They experience material deprivation and it affects their parents parenting behaviors

question

A power- elite approach to the U.S political system suggests that:

answer

power is concentrated in the lands of the few

question

The military- industrial complex refers to:

answer

The close link between the gov, defense contractors and the...

question

Your text defines poverty as a condition of deprivations due to-

answer

Economic circumstances

question

TRUE OR FALSE/ In reference to the first article on The Myth of teh culture poverty we learned from our group presentations that for education like Janet, in their effort to become the best teachers they don't necessarily have to challenge the Myth of the Culture of Poverty and reach a deeper understanding of class and poverty in order to become the best teachers they can be for all students because thats' not the teachers job.

answer

False

question

In general, a major goal of Clinton's 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work opportunity Reconciliation Act was to:

answer

Get people back into labor market as soon as possible

question

A family that cannot afford the basic necessities of life, or purchase enough to physically sustain its members, lives in:

answer

Absolute poverty

question

Why is it difficult for almost half of Americans to save for retirement?

answer

They don't have pension or retirement savings plan

question

Sociologists have argues that there are several explanations for why the United States has the highest inequality of all English speaking nations. Which of the following are factors that contribute to social inequality in the U.S?

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following lists the individuals known as "the founding fathers of the sociological discipline?"

answer

Durkheim, Marx, and Weber

question

Who criticized Marx for focusing exclusively on economics and social class explanations for human behavior and advocated sociological analyses that allowed for multiple influences?

answer

Max Weber

question

Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"?

answer

Sociology

question

In the United States today, suicide rates are higher for which of the following categories of people?

answer

White males

question

Suicide rates are generally higher among:

answer

Single people compared to married people

question

Which of the following is an accurate criticism of the structural functional approach?

answer

It ignores inequality that can generate tension and conflict

question

The two broad approaches social scientists use to gather data about the social world are:

answer

Correlational and casual

question

Mexicans are generally classified as a physical type that combines Native Americans and European

answer

Mestizos

question

TRUE OR FALSE/ As citizens of the world, we should be passionate about changing the world because we live in an imperfect world that needs fundamental change.

answer

True

question

Which of the following might be an advantage of participant observation research?

answer

It is useful method for studying large and diverse populations

question

A sociologist studying minor children, pregnant women, or inmates must get approval, as these groups are known as:

answer

Protected populations

question

The sociological concept of minority can be describes as a:

answer

Group that experiences limitations and barriers to life oppportunites

question

Members of a minority of subordinate group:

answer

have less power over their lives than do members of a majority

question

Which term do sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of obvious physical differences use?

answer

Racial group

question

Which of the following is considered a racial group?

answer

All of these

question

Which term is used to describe a group that is set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns?

answer

Ethnic group

question

The concept of race is:

answer

Socially constructed

question

Races can be clearly distinguished on the basis of:

answer

None

question

Exaggerated generalizations about the characteristics of members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group are known as:

answer

Stereotypes

question

The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a people by a foreign power for an extended period of time is known as:

answer

Colonialism

question

The deliberate systematic killing of an entire people or nation is called:

answer

Genocide

question

Legally sanctioned segregation exists for which group in the U.S today?

answer

Native Americans

question

The merger of two diverse groups by a process of biological and cultural mixing is called:

answer

Amalgamation

question

Which term is most appropriate for describing the U.S government's policies toward the Native Americans in the nineteenth century?

answer

Genocide

question

Which term refers to the physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, work place and social functions?

answer

Amalgamation

question

Pluralism refers to the existence of:

answer

Diverse cultures co- existing in the same society

question

Although race has no deterministic, biological basis, it still:

answer

Has important social influence

question

In our view of the documentary video Keep your eyes on the prize, we learned that

answer

a,c, and d only

question

The one drop rule asserts that just "one drop" of black blood makes:

answer

A person black

question

Which term refers to the belied that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits?

answer

Racism

question

In the nineteenth century theories of race moved from religious based racism to:

answer

Scientific racism

question

The concept of race:

answer

has changed over time

question

The General Social Survey asked respondents why, on average, African Americans have worse jobs, income, and housing than white people. Nearly half of the respondents believed that blacks:

answer

Dont have the motivation to pull themselves out of poverty

question

Social Darwinism was the evolutionary notion of:

answer

Survival of the fittest

question

Nativists believed that restricting the immigration of certain groups would:

answer

protect the nation

question

Race is nto a fixed biological or natural reality: rather, it is:

answer

A social construction

question

Compared with 11 percent of the U.S population as a whole, around 33 percent of Native Americans die before the age:

answer

45

question

The majority of the Latinos in the United States come from:

answer

Mexico

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